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Patterns of Holocene Environmental Change in the Midwestern United States (1992)

Baker, Richard G. ; Maher, Louis J. ; Chumbley, Craig A. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Quaternary Research. 1992; 37(3): 379-389. Published 1992 May 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(92)90074-s.

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Publication Date: 1992-05-01

Description: Four pollen sequences along a transect from north-central Iowa to southeast Wisconsin reveal the distribution of prairie and forest during the Holocene and test the use of pollen isopolls in locating the Holocene prairie-forest border. Prairie was dominant in central Iowa and climate was drier than present from about 8000 to 3000 yr B.P. During the driest part of this period in central Iowa (6500-5500 yr B.P.), mesic forest prevailed in eastern Iowa and Wisconsin, suggesting conditions wetter than at present. Prairie replaced the mesic forest about 5400 yr B.P. in eastern Iowa but did not extend much farther east; mesic forests were replaced in southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois about 5400 yr B.P. by xeric oak forests. This change from mesic to xeric conditions at 5400 yr B.P. was widespread and suggests that the intrusion of drier Pacific air was blocked by maritime tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico until the late Holocene in this area.

Print ISSN: 0033-5894

Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287

Topics: Geography , Geosciences

Published by Cambridge University Press

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Plant and Insect Remains from the Wisconsinan Interstadial/Stadial Transition at Wedron, North-Central Illinois (1990)

Garry, Clarke E. ; Schwert, Donald P. ; Baker, Richard G. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Quaternary Research. 1990; 33(3): 387-399. Published 1990 May 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(90)90064-r.

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Publication Date: 1990-05-01

Description: Organic material exposed within a small swale fill in Pit 6 of the Wedron Silica Sand Co. near Wedron in LaSalle County, Illinois, includes well-preserved pollen, plant macrofossils, and insect remains. This material occurs in slackwater sediment in the lower part of the Peddicord Formation, which was deposited as existing valleys were dammed by fluvial aggradation during the initial late Wisconsinan advance of Laurentide ice into the Wedron area. Wood from the organic horizon has a radiocarbon age of 21,460 ± 470 yr B.P. (ISGS-1486). The pollen spectrum is dominated by Picea, Pinus, and Cyperaceae. Plant macrofossils comprise a mix of boreal-forest taxa, including Picea, Larix laricina, and the moss Campylium stellatum; subarctic species including Betula glandulosa, Empetrum nigrum, and Selaginella selaginoides; along with the predominantly arctic Vaccinium uliginosum var. alpinum, Dryas integrifolia, and Rhododendron lapponicum. The insect fauna contains the western montane ground beetle Opisthius richardsoni; several arctic-subarctic ground beetles including Diacheila polita, Helophorus sibiricus, and Pterostichus (Cryobius) caribou; and a diverse assemblage of insects that today inhabit the boreal forest. We interpret the biotic record to record a phase in the transition from closed boreal forest to open tundra as climatic conditions deteriorated in advance of continental glaciation.

Print ISSN: 0033-5894

Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287

Topics: Geography , Geosciences

Published by Cambridge University Press

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Early Holocene Pecan, Carya Illinoensis, in the Mississippi River Valley Near Muscatine, Iowa (1990)

Bettis, E. Arthur ; Baker, Richard G. ; Nations, Brenda K. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Quaternary Research. 1990; 33(1): 102-107. Published 1990 Jan 01. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(90)90088-3.

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Publication Date: 1990-01-01

Description: A fossil pecan, Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch, from floodplain sediments of the Mississippi River near Muscatine, Iowa, was accelerator-dated at 7280 ± 120 yr B.P. This discovery indicates that pecan was at or near its present northern limit by that time. Carya pollen profiles from the Mississippi River Trench indicate that hickory pollen percentages were much higher in the valley than at upland locations during the early Holocene. Pecan, the hickory with the most restricted riparian habitat, is the likely candidate for producing these peaks in Carya pollen percentages. Therefore, pecan may have reached its northern limit as early as 10,300 yr B.P. Its abundance in Early Archaic archaeological sites and the co-occurrence of early Holocene Carya pollen peaks with the arrival of the Dalton artifact complex in the Upper Mississippi Valley suggest that humans may have played a role in the early dispersal of pecan.

Print ISSN: 0033-5894

Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287

Topics: Geography , Geosciences

Published by Cambridge University Press

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