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  • 1
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    Research progress on urban river landscapes and equilibrium profile (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-06
    Description: With the urbanization development, urban rivers have experienced great changes in the form and stability in the past 60 years, and the problem of urban water ecological security has been highlighted. Using a compilation of research results from more than 100 studies conducted globally, this paper is intended to do the following: i) describe variable river responses to urbanization in terms of river morphology, runoff and sedimentation system, stability, and other mechanisms; ii) summarize three major river classification systems in terms of methods including form-based method, process-based method and synthesis method; iii) evaluate evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned methods in judging processes like the degradation of river form, studying river hydrological process, predicting time periods on river evolution. Given that the evolving urban streams pose huge challenges for city management, successful strategies require a clear understanding of chan...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Transformation rules and degradation of CAHs by Fentonlike oxidation in growth ring of water distribution network-A review (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-09-01
    Description: Chlorinated hydrocarbons are widely used as organic solvent and chemical raw materials. After treatment, water polluted with trichloroethylene (TCE)/tetrachloroethylene (PCE) can reach the water quality requirements, while water with trace amounts of TCE/PCE is still harmful to humans, which will cause cancers. Water distribution network is an extremely complicated system, in which adsorption, desorption, flocculation, movement, transformation and reduction will occur, leading to changes of TCE/PCE concentrations and products. Therefore, it is important to investigate the transformation rules of TCE/PCE in water distribution network. What’s more, growth-ring, including drinking water pipes deposits, can act as catalysts in Fenton-like reagent (H 2 O 2 ). This review summarizes the status of transformation rules of CAHs in water distribution network. It also evaluates the effectiveness and fruit of CAHs degradation by Fenton-like reagent based on growth-ring. Th...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Feature extraction method of cavitation acoustic emission signals of hydraulic turbines based on improved EMD (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-31
    Description: The cavitation of hydraulic turbine is one of the most difficult problems in the world. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is capable of decomposing the cavitation signals in an adaptive way. Because the traditional EMD has a special end effect, an improved EMD method was erected and applied to extract the features of cavitation acoustic emission (AE) signals of hydraulic turbines in this paper. Comparison of the mirror extension method and the average extremum extension method was carried out on the base of their ability to reduce the end effect, and the better mirror extension was adopted to deal with the cavitation AE signals. The measured AE signals generating from the cavitation were processed and the features were extracted by the improved EMD. Spectrogram can be drawn from cavitation inception to cavitation intensifies. In combination with the energy ratio of the intrinsic mode function (IMF) and the cavitation coefficient, it is found that the absolute energy ratio varie...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 4
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    Area Estimation and Distribution Analysis of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands at Regional Scale--Take Guangzhou City for Example (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-05
    Description: In this paper, Area of Constructed Wetlands (CWs) required for treatment of domestic sewage generated by 13 million people was calculated in accordance with the distribution of existing population in Guangzhou City and mathematical model of CWs. By comparing this with land use data, the distribution of constructed wetlands at construction regional scale was simulated with GIS. The results show that, Guangzhou generate about 3.88 million m 3 domestic sewage per day, which shall be treated with 59.37 km 2 CWs. Assuming that a single wetland bed is 300 m 2 , total 197,905 wetland beds shall be required in the city. Based on the analysis and statistics on data of second national land survey of Guangzhou City with GIS, there are enough ponds, bare lands, other grasslands and other garden plots in Guangzhou that can be used for construction of regional scale CWs, but the distribution of available lands in different regions is uneven. Constructed wetlands a...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    SRT research of the crystal defects on the TGT synthesized diamond doped with boron and phosphorus (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-02-03
    Description: Crystal defects of two synthesized diamonds doped with boron and phosphorus are compared by synchrotron radiation topography (SRT). The crystal defects in the specimen are mainly dislocations. The dislocations are assembled in bundles in the cone-shape and distributed in the directions approximately towards to and . The Burgers vectors of most of the dislocations are parallel to [202] and oblique to the dislocations, showing that the dislocations are of mixed type. The features of the crystal defects are quite different in several aspects compared with the diamonds without phosphorous doping. The ionic radius of phosphorous is 118.75 percent larger than that of carbon and intensive distortion may occur near the phosphorous ions. The dislocations thus originated in bundles to release the stress caused by the phosphorous doping.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Preparation and characterization of NiO photocathodes sensitized with PbS quantum dots (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-27
    Description: The nanosized tremella-like NiO was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method at low temperature. A novelty modified (CH 3 ) 4 N) 2 S/((CH 3 ) 4 N) 2 S n electrolyte was introduced in solar cell successfully and NiS as the counter electrode. Moreover, PbS sensitized p-type NiO was synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) in an precursor solution to ensure the nanosized tremella-like NiO films obtain a better uniformity and high penetration. At the same time, a series of comparative experiments were designed for studying the influence of mesoporous NiO film thickness on the photoelectron characteristic of the cells. The result indicated that when there were three layers of screen printing and the thickness of NiO film was approximately 3 pm, the maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.87% was achieved, with 512 mV of V oc , 0.33% of ff and 5.14 mA cm -2 of J sc .
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Designing electromechanical metamaterial with full nonzero piezoelectric coefficients (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Designing topological and geometrical structures with extended unnatural parameters (negative, near-zero, ultrahigh, or tunable) and counterintuitive properties is a big challenge in the field of metamaterials, especially for relatively unexplored materials with multiphysics coupling effects. For natural piezoelectric ceramics, only five nonzero elements in the piezoelectric matrix exist, which has impeded the design and application of piezoelectric devices for decades. Here, we introduce a methodology, inspired by quasi-symmetry breaking, realizing artificial anisotropy by metamaterial design to excite all the nonzero elements in contrast to zero values in natural materials. By elaborately programming topological structures and geometrical dimensions of the unit elements, we demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, that tunable nonzero or ultrahigh values of overall effective piezoelectric coefficients can be obtained. While this work focuses on generating piezoelectric parameters of ceramics, the design principle should be inspirational to create unnatural apparent properties of other multiphysics coupling metamaterials.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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