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  • German  (8)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014  (8)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999
  • 2013  (8)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014  (8)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999
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  • 1
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    Wie steht es um die Gletscher in Zentralasien? Ein Lagebericht auf der Grundlage satelliten- und bodengestützter Messungen (2013)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Glaciers play an important role in the water cycle of many regions of the world, especially in dry regions such as Central Asia. Glaciers can store water over decades and transfer winter precipitation into the summer months by releasing the accumulated snow and ice as melt water. The question about the state of the glaciers within a region is therefore intrinsically linked to questions about water availability and food security. We assess the current state of all glaciers of the Tien Shan (the main mountain range in Central Asia, feeding its waters to Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and China) by three different groups of methods. We considered measurements of the Earth’s gravity field, laser altimetry, and direct glaciological measurements, and assessed uncertainties in an ensemble-like approach. The results of all three methods agree well, increasing the confidence in the final estimate. The results indicate that during the period 2003-2009, the glaciers of the Tien Shan were losing mass at a rate of 7.1 ±5.6 gigatons per year. Cumulated over the period, this corresponds to the water volume stored in Lake Constance (Bodensee).
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Noch Sekunden bis zu Erschütterung : ein Erdbebenfrühwarnsystem für Bischkek (2013)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Central Asia belongs to the regions of the world most exposed to high levels of seismic hazard. After the collapse of Soviet Union, the seismic monitoring in this area decreased significantly in quality and quantity since the maintenance of previous analog networksdealt with serious economic difficulties. Moreover, the installation of modern digital network was limited to few cases (e.g. stations in Kazakhstan or the KNET deployed in Kyrgyzstan). In the last decade the situation improved but still the new networks are concentrated in a few regions and devoted mainly to weak-motion seismology. In this article, we describe the installation of a small strong-motion network in the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek, intended for earthquake early warning and rapid response purposes. Low cost strong-motion stations developed at GFZ have been installed in seven buildings spread over the town, each one monitored by several sensing units to accomplish also the task of structural health monitoring. The stations communicate via wireless link and the streams collected by one specific station are communicated to the data management center via internet. Each unit has computational power, allowing for decentralized operations related to on-site early warning. An extension of this network to a regional early warning network for real time risk assessment is expected in the near future.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Erdbebensimulation im Computer : Erwartungen, Grenzen und Herausforderungen der vierdimensionalen Computersimulation von Erdbeben-Szenarien für das Marmarameer südlich von Istanbul (2013)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Earthquake hazard assessment with respect to megacities is one of the key challenges in Geosciences. Istanbul is one of these cities due to its location about 15 km north of a major tectonic plate boundary that separates the Eurasian plate from the Anatolian plate. Whereas the possible magnitude range and location of expected earthquakes can be determined with computer simulations, the precise timing in advance is not possible. Nevertheless, computer simulations of earthquake scenarios are an important tool that represents the deterministic seismic hazard assessment. Currently our research focuses on the quantification of model parameter uncertainties by means of assessing the results of earthquake-scenario simulation with statistical methods of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. The on-going rapid increase in computing power will, in the future, enable us to simulate multiple ensembles of earthquake scenarios as done in meteorological weather forecasts in order to assess which of the simulated scenarios is the most probable to occur. The key mathematical tools in this type of modelling are numerical methods that solve the partial differential equations that describe the equilibrium of forces for the earthquake nucleation and time-dependent statistical methods that quantify the uncertainties of the models. For Istanbul this research is essential since the tectonic fault has not ruptured since 1766. The fault is mature and has the potential to produce an earthquake of Mw 〉 7.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Probabilistische seismische Gefährdungsabschätzungen (2013)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments (PSHA) represent one of the most practice-oriented products seismology can offer to society. As seismic load information, results of PSHA build the basis for earthquake-resistant building codes and safety proofs. They form the decisive input for seismic risk assessments and are, with this, of importance for the insurance industry. Thereby, PSHAs contribute directly to the reduction of earthquake risk, since the earthquake-resistant design of buildings represents the only sustainable protection against this kind of natural hazards. This contribution provides in a compressed form a view into the methodical basis of PSHA. In the focus are here mathematical models, which enable the generation of PSHA with quantified uncertainties on the basis of geophysical and geological data. Typical results of a PSHA are presented in form of seismic hazard curves, seismic hazard maps and response spectra for the national code DIN19700 for safety proofs of hydraulic constructions like, e.g., dams of water reservoirs (Grünthal, 2008; Grünthal et al., 2009b).
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    GIS goes underground : Brandenburg 3D ; ein flächendeckendes 3D-Untergrundmodell für Brandenburg (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture
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  • 6
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    Data Mining und visuelle Datenexploration zur Beantwortung geowissenschaftlicher Fragestellungen (2013)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Geoscientists collect various data to study system Earth. To extract all the knowledge inherent in the data is a challenge geoscientists have to face. Methods for data mining and visual data exploration developed in computer science facilitate knowledge extraction from data. Although these methods are mostly applied to business data, they also offer potential to extract knowledge from geoscientific data. In our research we adapt and enhance methods from data mining and visual data exploration to geoscientific requirements. Two examples are given that show how the novel methods contribute to geoscientific research: The extraction of interesting spatiotemporal patterns from large data sets and the comparison of data from simulation models and real world observations.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Risikoanalysen in Zentralasien (2013)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The threat to human society arising from earthquakes should never be underestimated, especially in those regions of the world more exposed to this natural hazard. The complex geodynamics of Central Asia make it a natural research laboratory for the geoscience community, but also present a source of serious concern for local populations and their administrations who have already dealt with the devastating consequence of earthquakes in the past. Evaluating expected seismic risk for the exposed communities is a great challenge that calls for a strong, unified effort by researchers and decision makers. The nature of this challenge requires holistic, multidisciplinary approaches and the development of innovative solutions and methodologies, especially in countries where few resources are available for disaster prevention and mitigation. Within several projects the GFZ Centre for Early Warning currently focuses on different components of risk in Central Asia. This article, therefore, provides a brief overview of these research activities, along with a description of an application in the framework of Early Warning and Rapid Response.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Berechnung des elektrischen Widerstands im Untergrund : 100 Jahre CPU-Zeit in einem Jahr (2013)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Earth materials can be characterized by their electrical resistivity. Geophysicists use electromagnetic methods to decipher the electrical structure of earth, to determine chemical and physical properties of rocks and to investigate associated dynamic processes within earth. Measured data, typically observed at earth’s surface, cannot be directly converted into a comprehensive image of the subsurface. To achieve this goal geophysicists use mathematical and numerical techniques which require significant computational resources. We discuss application of electromagnetic sounding methods, show depth sections derived from 3D inversion, discuss field configuration simulations and resolution tests, introduce the concept and potential of joint inversion and give an outlook on monitoring to decipher temporal changes of the subsurface.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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