ALBERT

Beschreibung: A glance at the stars and, based on their location in the night sky, the calculation of your individual position on Earth was one of the three approaches used 125 years ago by the Royal Prussian Geodetic Institute on the Telegrafenberg. When “Sputnik 1”, the Earth’s first artificial escort (lat. Satellite), took up duty in 1957 the night shift for an astronomical geodesist changed dramatically. From that moment on not only objects from the catalog on stars were taken into account but satellites were now also tracked. Since then, the role of satellites in all geoscientific research has been steadily increasing. For a long time, satellites have not only provided details on position, but this modern positioning also provides exciting insights into the Earth‘s atmosphere. Furthermore, for years, satellites themselves have also provided images of the Earth‘s surface so that geo-researchers can, thus, analyze ongoing processes on the surface of our planet. This paper presents a loose outline of the development of satellite application on the Telegrafenberg and puts the reader in the mood for the following articles on geoscientific applications of satellites at the GFZ.

Beschreibung: Since March 2002 the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, together with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the German Space Agency (DLR), operates the twin satellite mission GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and is part of the joint US-German Science Data System. Over GRACE‘s 15+ years of operation, researchers from GFZ and other national/ international institutions have developed innovative techniques to use the GRACE mass transport data set and to combine it with other observations and models for new insights into the Earth system. Highlights are the monitoring of changes in the hydrological cycle such as ground water depletion and related droughts, prognosis of floods in large river systems, the melting of Greenland’s and Antarctica’s ice sheets and large glacier systems, changes in the ocean dynamics and related sea level rise or observation of postseismic relaxation after large earthquakes. Currently, GFZ implements with JPL/NASA the successor mission GRACE-FO (Follow-on) which is due for launch in early 2018. The primary objective of GRACE-FO is to continue mass transport monitoring as only by long time series reliable conclusions on climate change can be drawn. The secondary objectives are to continue GRACE’s radio occultation measurements for provision to Numerical Weather Services and to demonstrate the improvement of the measurement of the inter-satellite separation by an innovative laser ranging interferometer. This is a necessary prerequisite to improve the spatial and temporal resolution by Next Generation Gravity Missions.

Beschreibung: Satellite remote sensing offers the possibility to continuously, globally collect information about Earth’s surface properties, and thus possesses an enormous scientific and economic potential. The spatio-temporal recording of information opens up a wide range of possibilities for large-scale monitoring of changes and influencing factors, e.g. in atmospheric research, agriculture and forestry, geology, urban areas and the analysis of natural hazards. The European Union‘s Copernicus programme marks the beginning of a new era in satellite-based Earth observation by designing and launching the Sentinel series, an operational fleet of high-continuity, multi-combinable observation systems. This enables completely new objects of investigation, but also requires a new level of automated data processing in order to make the huge amounts of data available for analysis. This article provides an insight into current remote sensing research at the GFZ. First, it presents the activities related to the creation of preprocessing standards and interfaces for data evaluation, geo-data management and visualization. In the following, examples for multi-sensor analysis of land use potentials and natural hazards are shown, in order to finally discuss the role of the GFZ in the development of hyperspectral satellite missions and related data analysis.

Beschreibung: Marx, C., Deutsch, U., Weltermann, J.: Untersuchung der Mechanismen beim Bohren in Hartgesteinen zur Optimierung des Bohrprozesses. p. 3-32. Stoll, R. D., Halm, H.: Auswertung von Erfahrungen beim Bohren in Hartgestein. p. 33-52. Oppelt, J.: Vergleichende Untersuchung bohrtechnischer und wirtschaftlicher Aspekte unterschiedlicher Kernbohrverfahren. p. 53-83. Marx, C., Schamp, J., Deutsch, U.: Grundlagen für den Einsatz eines Bohrhammers in der Kontinentalen Tiefbohrung. p. 85-117. Mayer, R.: Untersuchung zur Entwicklung eines hydraulischen Bohrhammers mit Antrieb und Steuerung durch die Spülflüssigkeit für Tiefbohrungen im Hartgestein in Teufen bis 14000 m. p. 119-133. Oppelt, J.: Erarbeitung eines Konzepts für die weitere Entwicklung von Systemen zum kontinuierlichen Vorwärtskernen und zum Seitenkernen in der Kontinentalen Tiefbohrung (KTB). p. 135-179. Marx, C., Weltermann, J.: Kernbohren im Hartgestein, Seitenkerntechnik. p. 181-213´. Stoffels, P.: Untersuchungen zur Beanspruchung von Bohrsträngen für übertiefe Bohrungen. p. 217-255. Mannesmannröhren-Werke AG, Mannesmann Forschung: Werkstoffauswahl und Konzept für das Bohrgestänge im Rahmen des kontinentalen Tiefbohrprogramms der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. p. 257-277. Daenicke, H., Krüger, V.: Erarbeitung eines Konzepts für die weitere Entwicklung von Untertageantrieben, insbesondere Verdrängungsmotoren und Turbinen, zum Einsatz in der Kontinentalen Tiefbohrung. p. 279-325. Wiebe, M., Schwidder, D., Braun, P., Mertens, V., Wallusek, H., Kohnert, J., Gehrke, J., Kerk, T., Kinzel, H., Müller-Link, D.: Einsatz eines selbsttätig steuernden Zielbohrsystems zur Herstellung eines lotrechten, tiefen Bohrloches beim Kontinentalen Tiefbohrprogramm KTB. p. 327-347. Schröder, U.: Studie Bohrplatzoptimierung. p. 351-365. DST, ITAG, SMAG, WIRTH: Das Konzept für die Bohranlage (Neubau). p. 367-387. Preussag AG, Siemens AG, Wintershall AG: Entwicklung eines Konzeptes zum Umbau und zur Optimierung einer bestehenden Bohranlage entsprechend den besonderen Anforderungen des kontinentalen Tiefbohrprogramms. p. 389-419. Bründer, M., Tran-Viet, T., Weghold, H., Wernado, G.: Untersuchung zum Spülungssystem für die Vorbohrung. p. 423-487. Schaumberg, G.: Studien Bohrlochhydraulik und Bohrlochkontrolle. p. 489-509. Wolff, H., John, P.: Cuttings-Korrelations-Untersuchungen, Austragsfähigkeit von Cuttings. p. 511-541. Pang, Y., Deutsch, U., Burkhardt, M., Marx, C.: Untersuchungen der Möglichkeiten zur Sammlung und Auswertung von Meßwerten aus dem Bohrlochsohlenbereich durch Bit-noise-Analysen. p. 545-573. Kerk, T., Kinzel, H., Prevedel, B.: Richtungskontrolle, Havarie und Casingverschleiß in übertiefen und heißen Bohrlöchern. p. 575-602.