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  • 1
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    Ressourceneffizientes Bauen : die Rolle von Öko-Innovationen im europäischen Bausektor (2014)
    Brussels : Eco-Innovation Observatory
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 2
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    Zwei markante Stauchmoränen: Peski/Belorussland und Jasmund, Ostseeinsel Rügen/Nordostdeutschland - Gemeinsame Merkmale und Unterschiede (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Strukturen, Architektur und Genese der Stauchmoräne Peski/ Belorussland werden beschrieben und mit der Stauchmoräne Jasmund/Rügen verglichen. In beiden Stauchmoränen sind Oberkreide- und Pleistozänfolgen, bei Peski zusätzlich tertiäre Sande, glazigen gefaltet und verschuppt worden. Die Falten und Schuppen gleichen sich in beiden Stauchzonen in den Formen und Ausmaßen weitgehend. In ihrer Architektur unterscheiden sich beide Großstrukturen jedoch prinzipiell voneinander: Bei Peski ist eine bogenförmige Stauchzone an der Stirn eines ausgedehnten Eislobus entstanden; auf Jasmund ist der Eisstrom, der der Ostseesenke gefolgt war, durch ein höher liegendes Areal zweigeteilt worden und hat dieses samt den ersten Stauchwällen zunächst umflossen. Hier ist die Stauchung von den Flanken zweier Eiszungen ausgegangen. Der Interpretation als einer spitzwinkligen Kerbstauchung wird die Vorstellung einer in der Anlage schlingenförmig gerafften Stauchung gegenübergestellt, die später vom Eis überprägt worden ist. Die Lagebeziehungen beider Stauchmoränen zu den Bruchstrukturen im präquartären Untergrund der Region und zu deren neotektonischen Mobilität werden diskutiert. Die glazigene Stauchung bei Peski wird dem Sosch-(Warthe-)eis zugeschrieben, die auf Jasmund der Weichselvereisung. Beide Stauchungen sind nach dem Höhepunkt einer Vereisung, nach der maximalen Eisausbreitung, erfolgt. Diese rückläufigen Kälteperioden boten besonders günstige Voraussetzungen für Einwirkungen des Inlandeises auf den Untergrund.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; pleistocene ; pléistocène ; push moraine ; ne germany ; structural elements ; formation ; Belorussia
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 3
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    Rock fabrics in palaeoweathering profiles below basement-cover interfaces (AMS-study on drill cores from the Caledonian margin, Central Sweden) (2010)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Basement-cover-interfaces are important crustal boundaries. In many cases they act as detachment horizons. Criteria like pre-erosional basement characteristics, intensity of palaeoweathering and post-erosional processes during burial stage lead to a huge variety of observable alteration and fabric features of basement-cover-interfaces, which may influence the shear-strength. Unconformity-parallel planar fabrics in the weathering profile were facilitated by palaeo-alteration and later processes (Angerer 2005 unpubl. data). Such fabrics may be a factor for lowering the shear-strength (e.g. Wintsch et al. 1995). The probably ubiquitous existence of those fabrics at basement-coverinterfaces is investigated in case studies by means of AMS-fabric analysis, which is a sensitive indicator of rock fabric changes. The present case study is based on sections from two drill cores across the erosional unconformity between Fennoscandian Granite (Revsund) and Cambrian Gärdsjön Fm. (Långviken SGU 73007 and Hara 79002) (petrographic descriptions in Gee, 1978 and Gee et al. 1982).
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAH 000 ; VAE 813 ; TOT 310 ; VED 200 ; Verwitterung {Geologie} ; Kaledonische Orogene {Geologie} ; Gesteinsmagnetismus {Geophysik} ; Schweden {Geologie} ; Mittelschweden ; Kaledoniden ; Verwitterungshorizont ; Magnetische Anisotropie ; Gesteinsgefüge ; Magnetische Suszeptibiblität
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 4
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    Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its interpretation in terms of stresses in the lithosphere (2010)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) as measured at the surface of the lithosphere or underground shows preferred orientations, which can be related to microcracks and other brittle structures at micro and nano scales (see Bahat et al. 2005 and references therein). During the last years, numerous studies showed the applicability of EMR measurements for the determination of active fractures and stress orientations. EMR is determined with a ‘Cerescope’, which picks up EMR signals at frequencies from 5– 50 kHz (Obermeyer, 2005) with a ferrite aerial and processes them electronically so that the results can be displayed on a screen or copied to a computer. With the help of oriented EMR measurements, intensity variations are determined, which can be related to preferred crack fracture orientations. From this information, orientations of the principal stresses can be calculated. In addition, the intensity of the EMR is related to stress magnitudes...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; TQD 000 ; VAE 120 ; VAE 150 ; VAE 140 ; Elektrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Strukturelle Erscheinungen {Strukturgeologie} ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Lithosphäre ; Fraktographie ; Spannungstensor ; Elektromagnetisches Verfahren
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 5
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    Beobachtung der letzten Phase eines seismischen Zyklus in Nordchile : IPOC – europäisch-südamerikanisches Netzwerk (2011)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC) is an international network of institutions and scientists organizing and operating a distributed system of instruments and projects dedicated to the study of earthquakes, deformation and other subduction processes at the continental margin of Chile. This megathrust plate boundary between the South American plate and the oceanic Nazca plate exhibits some of the largest earthquakes on Earth. Earthquakes, volcanoes and other active margin processes are driven by ongoing convergence between the two tectonic plates. Our goal is to improve the understanding of both the physical mechanisms underlying these processes and the natural hazards induced by them. We therefore integrate modern ground- and space-based technologies to observe and interpret active deformation related to the megathrust seismic cycle. The northern part of the Chilean margin offers an exceptional opportunity for such studies: the more than 400 km long plate boundary segment between Antofagasta and Arica, capable of a giant M9+ earthquake, has not been broken for more than 100 years. This is the longest time period between large earthquakes along the Peru-Chile coastal margin, putting this segment presumably in the terminal stage of a seismic cycle. The neighboring segments to the south and north have been broken in 1995 and 2007 and 2001 respectively, enhancing the stress in between.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    TERENO : eine Monitoring- und Forschungsplattform zur Erfassung langfristiger Auswirkungen des Globalen Wandels auf regionaler Ebene (2012)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Global change has triggered a number of environmental changes, such as alterations in climate, geo-resources soil and water, atmospheric chemistry, and land productivity. Many areas of the system Earth-Man are affected, thereby directly impacting the lives of present and future generations. Like many countries, Germany too is also faced with the threat of increased droughts and heat waves, soil degradation, winter storms, water shortages at one extreme and flood events at the other, as well as a decline in biodiversity. These changes can range across broad temporal and spatial scales and present strong regional differences. The TERENO observatory “Northeastern German Lowland” spans an area which is considered as one of the regions in Germany most severely affected by climate change. The impact of increased dry periods is already being felt ,drying out the regions’ numerous lakes and mires. The observatory covers the catchment area of the Uecker river, the Müritz National Park, the biosphere reserve Schorfheide-Chorin and the DEMMIN calibration and validation test site operated by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam is coordinating work at the observatory and is cooperating closely with universities and other research organisations. Of particular significance is the emphasis being placed on geoarchives and landscape development. The aim is to acquire and combine high quality data on climate and landscape developments in the past and present to develop forecasts for the future.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Computersimulation der Plattenbewegungen südlich von Istanbul (2011)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Izmit earthquake of August 1999 with a magnitude 7.4 is the latest of an earthquake sequence that started in 1939 in Eastern Turkey. This sequence brought the plate boundary between the Anatolian plate and the Eurasian plate successively from East to West to fail. Thus, the next event in this series is expected to take place West of Izmit, i.e. South of Istanbul under the Marmara Sea. This segment is a so-called seismic gap – the stresses resulting from the plate motion have not been released since the last major earthquake in 1766. One important parameter for earthquake hazard assessment is the slip rate along plate boundaries. However, the precise estimation of these fault slip rates is difficult to determine in this area for two reasons. The plate boundary under the Marmara Sea is split into several splays with complex geometries. Furthermore, the main part of this fault system is below the Marmara Sea and classical observation methods cannot be applied. In order to estimate the fault slip rates a computer simulation is necessary. The simulation results show that the slip rate along the main fault is 10 to 45 % smaller than previously assumed and that it varies along the main fault by 40 %. The latter indicates that the accumulated stresses at this fault will potentially not be released with one strong earthquake, but in several events with smaller magnitude. However, it is important to emphasise that Istanbul, situated at a short distance to the main fault (15 km), still faces a very high seismic hazard.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Erdbebensimulation im Computer : Erwartungen, Grenzen und Herausforderungen der vierdimensionalen Computersimulation von Erdbeben-Szenarien für das Marmarameer südlich von Istanbul (2013)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Earthquake hazard assessment with respect to megacities is one of the key challenges in Geosciences. Istanbul is one of these cities due to its location about 15 km north of a major tectonic plate boundary that separates the Eurasian plate from the Anatolian plate. Whereas the possible magnitude range and location of expected earthquakes can be determined with computer simulations, the precise timing in advance is not possible. Nevertheless, computer simulations of earthquake scenarios are an important tool that represents the deterministic seismic hazard assessment. Currently our research focuses on the quantification of model parameter uncertainties by means of assessing the results of earthquake-scenario simulation with statistical methods of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. The on-going rapid increase in computing power will, in the future, enable us to simulate multiple ensembles of earthquake scenarios as done in meteorological weather forecasts in order to assess which of the simulated scenarios is the most probable to occur. The key mathematical tools in this type of modelling are numerical methods that solve the partial differential equations that describe the equilibrium of forces for the earthquake nucleation and time-dependent statistical methods that quantify the uncertainties of the models. For Istanbul this research is essential since the tectonic fault has not ruptured since 1766. The fault is mature and has the potential to produce an earthquake of Mw 〉 7.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Konflikte um die Georessource Wasser in Zentralasien : Analyse und Neuausrichtung von Entwicklungspfaden im Ferganatal (2013)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Fergana Valley is considered a hotspot for water conflicts – not only within Central Asia but also at the level of global politics. By using the water of the Syr-Darya river and its tributaries, an enormous irrigation system was built up in the Fergana region – a valley formerly characterised by deserts and river oases. This led to the creation of one of the largest cotton growing regions in the world. At present, the system supplies one of the most densely populated regions in Central Asia with water. Huge dam cascades also produce a significant amount of electricity. This has led to disagreements and conflicting interests between upstream and downstream countries. Experiences in many parts of the world have shown that a purely technical approach to solving waterrelated problems has not always brought about the desired results. In many cases, it even had negative implications for society and environment. Therefore, improved management strategies and integrated policies are needed for dissolving the existing “path dependencies” that limit the range of development options and confine the scope of action available to the Fergana region. The interdisciplinary research group “Society – Water – Technology” at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities has dedicated itself to this issue and aims at providing scientific policy advice to decision-makers and stakeholders.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    Das Entstehen und Auseinanderbrechen von Kontinenten : mit Geophysik auf den Spuren geodynamischer Prozesse im südlichen Afrika (2014)
    In:  System Erde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Southern Africa in particular is a very special natural laboratory for a journey through the Earth’s geo-archive. We can study tectonic processes on Early Earth as well as continental collision and breakup; and we learn how and why the African continent was blessed with mineral resources, such as diamonds or gold. With the beginning of the 20th century, geoscientists have started to set up observatories in South Africa to record earthquakes (since 1910) or conduct magnetic national surveys (Beattie, 1909). In Africa these geo-scientific pioneers found an ideal environment to study different tectonic units such as Cratons – ancient nuclei of continents, younger fold and orogenic belts as well as sediment basins and to investigate and classify their physical properties. The physical parameters applied were (i) elastic properties of rocks, which can be resolved using seismic and seismological observations and which allow to infer density information of rock formations, (ii) electrical conductivities which can be sensed using geo-electric, magnetotelluric (MT) und magnetometer-array measurements, (iii) magnetic properties, i.e. the ability of rocks to get magnetized, und (iv) the density of rocks which can directly be measured using gravity. The geophysics groups of the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) have been very active in South Africa since 2004 and have studies imprints of past continental collisions in the Earth crust and mantle along several traverses.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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