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  • English  (24)
  • 1
    Keywords: corrosion
    Description / Table of Contents: Nowadays, it is generally accepted that in the natural and industrial environments, corrosion and pollution are interrelated harmful processes since many water, air and soil pollutants accelerate corrosion, and corrosion products such as rust, oxides and salts, also pollute water bodies at ports, rivers, dams, canals and shipyards. Both are pernicious processes that impair the durability of the infrastructure assets, the industry efficiency and profitability and the quality of the environment. Therefore, it is essential to develop and to apply corrosion engineering control methods and techniques, in particular those being environment-friendly. In this crucial time of worldwide energy crisis and economic turmoil, cost effective corrosion control will extend the life of the infrastructure saving large expenses in materials, equipment and structures. This book will contribute to achieve this important mission!
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535108771
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: air quality ; air pollution ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: This book contains 15 chapters reporting air pollution of interest to experts in academia and industrial plants dealing with the environmental issues. These chapters emphasize the problems of air pollution involving the human sector as an essential part in the control of air pollutants. The book contains an analysis of various geographic regions and evaluation of different activities related to these areas. Descriptive analyzes present the generation of air pollution and its effect on society and materials evaluations. The major sources of emission of pollutants and the damage that they originate in the towns and industrial plants are reported. This volume provides methods and tools for assessment according to each location. Other important aspects are the activities of governmental authorities, the academic and sectors for solving the environment problem.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106746
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The rapid growth of clean energy technologies is driving a rising demand for critical minerals. In 2022 at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15), seven major economies formed an alliance to enhance the sustainability of mining these essential decarbonization minerals. However, there is a scarcity of studies assessing the threat of mining to global biodiversity. By integrating a global mining dataset with great ape density distribution, we estimated the number of African great apes that spatially coincided with industrial mining projects. We show that up to one-third of Africa’s great ape population faces mining-related risks. In West Africa in particular, numerous mining areas overlap with fragmented ape habitats, often in high-density ape regions. For 97% of mining areas, no ape survey data are available, underscoring the importance of increased accessibility to environmental data within the mining sector to facilitate research into the complex interactions between mining, climate, biodiversity, and sustainability.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Aalto University hosted the 2nd edition of the International Seminar on Safety and Security of Autonomous Vessels (ISSAV) together with the 7th edition of the European STAMP Workshop and Conference (ESWC). ISSAV promotes all aspects of maritime safety and security in the context of autonomous vessels. The seminar focuses on exchanging knowledge about key safety and security challenges and opportunities in the context of autonomous vessels and the autonomous maritime ecosystem. The ESWC focuses on applications and studies related to the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) which is a relatively new systems-thinking approach to engineering safer systems. The 2nd edition of the International Seminar on Safety and Security of Autonomous Vessels (ISSAV) and the 7th edition of the European STAMP Workshop and Conference (ESWC) took place 17-20 September 2019 in Helsinki, Finland. Scope – ISSAV Autonomous vessels have become a topic of high interest for the maritime transport industry. Recent progress in the development of technologies enabling autonomous systems has fostered the idea that autonomous vessels will soon be a reality. However, before the first autonomous vessel can be released into her actual context of operation, it is necessary to ensure that it is safe and secure. The aim of ISSAV is to promote all aspects of maritime safety and security in the context of autonomous vessels. The seminar focuses on exchanging knowledge about key safety and security challenges and opportunities in the context of autonomous vessels and the autonomous maritime ecosystem. The seminar has a special emphasis on: The challenges in managing safety and security in the operation of autonomous vessels and the entire ecosystem of an autonomous ma
    Keywords: TK7885-7895 ; TL1-4050
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Fault rock assemblages reflect interaction between deformation, stress, temperature, fluid, and chemical regimes on distinct spatial and temporal scales at various positions in the crust. Here we interpret measurements made in the hanging-wall of the Alpine Fault during the second stage of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-2). We present observational evidence for extensive fracturing and high hanging-wall hydraulic conductivity (∼10−9 to 10−7 m/s, corresponding to permeability of ∼10−16 to 10−14 m2) extending several hundred meters from the fault's principal slip zone. Mud losses, gas chemistry anomalies, and petrophysical data indicate that a subset of fractures intersected by the borehole are capable of transmitting fluid volumes of several cubic meters on time scales of hours. DFDP-2 observations and other data suggest that this hydrogeologically active portion of the fault zone in the hanging-wall is several kilometers wide in the uppermost crust. This finding is consistent with numerical models of earthquake rupture and off-fault damage. We conclude that the mechanically and hydrogeologically active part of the Alpine Fault is a more dynamic and extensive feature than commonly described in models based on exhumed faults. We propose that the hydrogeologically active damage zone of the Alpine Fault and other large active faults in areas of high topographic relief can be subdivided into an inner zone in which damage is controlled principally by earthquake rupture processes and an outer zone in which damage reflects coseismic shaking, strain accumulation and release on interseismic timescales, and inherited fracturing related to exhumation.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-07-23
    Description: The cubic Ia3 (BC8) and tetragonal P43212 (ST12) high pressure modifications of Si and Ge are attractive candidates for application in optoelectronic, thermoelectric, or plasmonic devices. SixGe1-x alloys in BC8/ST12 modifications could help overcome the indirect and narrow bandgaps of the pure phases and enable tailoring for specific use-cases. Such alloys have experimentally been found to be stable at ambient conditions after release from high pressure synthesis; however, their fundamental properties are not known. In this work, we employ ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the electronic properties of these compounds as a function of composition x. We obtain the effective band structures of intermediate alloys by constructing special quasi-random structures (SQSs) and unfolding their band structure to the corresponding primitive cell. Furthermore, we show that the indirect bandgap of the ST12 Ge end-member can be tuned to become direct at xSi≈16. Finally, our investigations also demonstrate that the BC8 modification, on the other hand, is insensitive to compositional changes and is a narrow direct bandgap semiconductor only for the case of pure Si.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A schematic model for hadronic states, based on constituent quarks and antiquarks and gluon pairs, is discussed. The phenomenological interaction between quarks and gluons is QCD motivated. The obtained hadronic spectrum leads to the identification of nucleon and Δ resonances and to pentaquark and heptaquark states. The predicted lowest pentaquark state ( J π = 1 2 − ) lies at the energy of 1.5 GeV and it is associated to the observed Θ + ( 1540 ) state. For heptaquarks ( J π = 1 2 + , 3 2 + ) the model predicts the lowest state at 2.5 GeV .
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    In:  Proceeding XSEDE '13 Proceedings of the Conference on Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Gateway to Discovery
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This paper describes a scientific workflow for ab initio calculations of elastic coefficients (Cij) of crystalline materials implemented in the VLab Cyberinfrastructure [da Silveira et al., 2008]. This workflow has recently been upgraded to treat crystals of all symmetries and integrated in the XSEDE. First we review the underlying Cij calculations and list explicitly different requirements for each Bravais lattice. We also describe the workflow management and its general method for handling actions. We illustrate the Cij application with a calculation of diamond's elastic coefficients at high pressures. We conclude with an outlook of future implementation plans.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In this paper we review the main features and illustrate the use of VLab, a Science Gateway that provides Cyber-infrastructure (CI) for distributed first principles computations in materials science. The VLab CI includes Web Services running in different computers, controlled from a Web Portal running predefined, distributed, and interactive workflows by multiple users. Currently, in addition to simple electronic structure calculations, it supports calculations of materials properties important for mineral physics that require substantial number of tasks, such as, thermodynamic and thermal elastic properties. VLab uses the Quantum ESPRESSO software for first principles computations. Here, we show details of the task distribution in batch system using a "bag of tasks" approach. We also explain VLab's approach to interactive user tools, including interactive image plots developed for thermodynamic properties, pressure scale calculator, and a database of results.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We combine density functional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation (LDA), the quasiharmonic approximation (QHA), and a model vibrational density of states (VDoS) to calculate elastic moduli and sound velocities of γ-(Fex,Mg1−x)2SiO4 (ringwoodite), the most abundant mineral of the lower Earth's transition zone (TZ). Comparison with experimental values at room-temperature and high pressure or ambient-pressure and high temperature shows good agreement with our first-principles findings. Then, we investigate the contrasts associated with the β→γ(Fex,Mg1−x)2SiO4 transformation at pressures and temperatures relevant to the TZ. This information offers clearly defined reference values to advance the understanding of the nature of the 520 km seismic discontinuity.
    Language: English
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