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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Socio-environmental dynamics along the historical Silk Road (2019)
    Cham : Springer
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 079-21-94599
    Description / Table of Contents: This open access book discusses socio-environmental interactions in the middle to late Holocene, covering specific areas along the ancient Silk Road regions. Over twenty chapters provide insight into this topic from various disciplinary angles and perspectives, ranging from archaeology, paleoclimatology, antiquity, historical geography, agriculture, carving art and literacy. The Silk Road is a modern concept for an ancient network of trade routes that for centuries facilitated and intensified processes of cultural interaction and goods exchange between West China, Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. Coherent patterns and synchronous events in history suggest possible links between social upheaval, resource utilization and climate or environment forces along the Silk Road and in a broader area. Post-graduates in studying will benefit from this work, as well as it will stimulate young researchers to further explore the role played by the environment in long-term socio-cultural changes.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxvi, 525 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 978-3-030-00727-0
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
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    A local scale flood vulnerability assessment in the flood-prone area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-19
    Description: The central part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, is a highly flood-prone area of the province. The lives and assets of local communities are deeply vulnerable, attributed to the recurrence of seasonal floods. This concern has motivated decision-makers and the research community to develop and adopt best management practices to address flood vulnerability issues. One of the commonly used methods for evaluating flood vulnerability is empirical investigation using composite indicators. However, there are several issues with the available flood vulnerability literature, using composite indicators in the study area. The objectives of the current study are therefore twofold. On the one hand, it demonstrated in a comprehensive step-by-step approach to develop flood vulnerability composite indicator taking into account the broad range of stakeholders and the reliability of research. On the other hand, the flood vulnerability profile of the selected communities is being developed. Households’ survey was conducted in the selected communities using random sampling. The composite indicators of flood vulnerability were developed as the relative measure of flood vulnerability across the selected communities. A robustness check was also carried out using convenient techniques to address the problem of uncertainty. For such a purpose, the composite indicators of flood vulnerability were developed through various data rescaling, weighting, and aggregation schemes. The relative levels of flood vulnerability are identified across the selected communities, and the findings are illustrated by colored matrices. Different factors were identified for being responsible for the relative vulnerability of various communities. Jurisdiction-wise assessment of flood vulnerability reveals that communities located in Charsadda district are more vulnerable to flooding compared to those in Nowshera district. The study can facilitate a wide range of stakeholders and decision-makers not only to develop composite indicators for flood vulnerability but also to scientifically justify it as a management tool for flood risk reduction.
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; Flood vulnerability ; Kacha houses ; Open waste disposal ; River Kabul ; Robustness
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 3
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    Classification of buried soils, cultural, and colluvial deposits in the Viking town Hedeby (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-14
    Description: Objective classification of settlement deposits is a prerequisite for understanding human-environment interactions at habitation sites. This paper presents a novel approach combining a relatively fine-scale sampling strategy, a multimethod geoarchaeological investigation of cores and multivariate statistics to aid in the classification and interpretation of complex and intricately stratified archaeological deposits. Heterogeneous settlement deposits, buried soils, colluvial, fluvial, and fluvioglacial sediments from cores retrieved in the Viking settlement Hedeby were investigated using six cost-effectively measurable geoecological parameters: loss on ignition at 550°C, magnetic susceptibility, contents of stones, artifacts, bones, and charcoal with wood. Principal component analysis allowed identifying variables that would sufficiently describe data and cluster analysis enabled the classification of the materials. As a result, 13 classes were distinguished with a detailed and reliable differentiation of materials of natural and cultural genesis. Based on spatial distribution patterns of the classes, hypotheses regarding land use in the adjacent areas were made: Waste disposal in the valley of Hedeby-brook and metallurgic activities north of it. This approach is valuable for coring-based research at settlements, in particular at tightly managed heritage sites, and for surveys to identify potential excavation sites, whereas the set of variables must be adjusted according to local conditions.
    Keywords: 631.4 ; 930.1 ; classification ; cultural layers ; Hedeby ; multivariate statistics ; soil horizons ; Viking Age
    Language: English
    Type: map
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