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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: By stimulating adrenal gland and corticosteroid synthesis, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) plays a central role in response to stress. In this Research Topic, a particular attention has been given to the recent developments on adrenocortical zonation; the growth-promoting activities of ACTH; the various steps involved in acute and chronic regulation of steroid secretion by ACTH, including the effect of ACTH on circadian rhythms of glucocorticoid secretion. The Research Topic also reviews progress and challenges surrounding the properties of ACTH binding to the MC2 receptor (MC2R), including the importance of melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) in MC2R expression and function, the various intracellular signaling cascades, which involve not only protein kinase A, the key mediator of ACTH action, but also phosphatases, phosphodiesterases, ion channels and the cytoskeleton. The importance of the proteins involved in the cell detoxification is also considered, in particular the effect that ACTH has on protection against reactive oxygen species generated during steroidogenesis. The impact of the cellular microenvironment, including local production of ACTH is discussed, both as an important factor in the maintenance of homeostasis, but also in pathological situations, such as severe inflammation. Finally, the Research Topic reviews the role that the pituitary-adrenal axis may have in the development of metabolic disorders. In addition to mutations or alterations of expression of genes encoding components of the steroidogenesis and signaling pathways, chronic stress and sleep disturbance are both associated with hyperactivity of the adrenal gland. A resulting effect is increased glucocorticoid secretion inducing food intake and weight gain, which, in turn, leads to insulin and leptin resistance. These aspects are described in detail in this Research Topic by key investigators in the field. Many of the aspects addressed in this Research Topic still represent a stimulus for future studies, their outcome aimed at providing evidence of the central position occupied by the adrenal cortex in many metabolic functions when its homeostasis is disrupted. An in-depth investigation of the mechanisms underlying these pathways will be invaluable in developing new therapeutic tools and strategies.
    Keywords: RC648-665 ; R5-920 ; Adrenal Cortex ; cortisol ; MC2R ; signaling ; corticosteroids ; proliferation ; adrenal tumors ; Cushing ; ACTH ; Aldosterone
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The volume, dedicated to the 44th International Conference of the Italian Union for Drawing, investigates the theme of ‘Transitions’, which particularly effectively represents our time and the current condition of the discipline of Drawing. The term, beyond its generic meaning of an intermediate stage in a process in which a condition changes from one state to another, has always been used in various fields, from music to geophysics. In fact, the disciplines of drawing have always been confronted with themes and issues relating to transitions from one condition to another. The history of representation tells us of transformations, even epochal ones, relating to ‘drawing’, with all that such transitions entail: suffice it to think of the evolution of forms of representation, of instrumental apparatuses, of the mutability of supports, of the analogical-digital transition underway, of the new modes of communication on platforms, of the hypertrophic offer of images also on the net that confirms Guy Debord’s intuitions relating to the new spectacularisation of society. Similarly, representation triggers transitions in the prefiguration and communication of design, the anticipation and foreshadowing of future events.The challenges posed by the digital pose open questions whose scope can only be glimpsed, such as the relationship between drawing and the act of modelling, and the construction of new paradigms of visual language and communication. ‘Transitions’, almost implicitly, points to possible futures, the evolution of technique and the search for new modes of expression; at the same time, however, it can suggest silences and reflections in a process of connection between history, theory, criticism and construction.
    Keywords: Transitions ; Cross ; Modulate ; Develop ; Drawing ; Science of Representation ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMC Architectural structure and design ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBG Engineering graphics and draughting / technical drawing ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGZ The Arts: techniques and principles
    Language: Italian , English , Spanish
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The regulated secretory pathway is a hallmark of neuroendocrine cells. This process comprises many sequential steps, which include ER-associated protein synthesis, post-translational modification of proteins in the Golgi complex, sorting and packing of secretory proteins into carrier granules, cytoskeleton-based granule transport towards the plasma membrane and tethering, docking and fusion of granules with specialized releasing zones. Each stage is subjected to a rigorous regulation by a plethora of factors that function in a spatially and temporarily coordinated fashion. Much effort has been devoted to characterize the precise role of the regulatory proteins participating in the different steps of this process and to identify new factors in order to obtain a unifying picture of the secretory pathway. In spite of this and given the enormous complexity of the process, certain stages are not fully understood yet and many players remain to be identified. The aim of this Research Topic is to gather review articles and original research papers on the molecular mechanisms that govern and ensure the correct release of neuropeptides.
    Keywords: RC648-665 ; R5-920 ; RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroendocrine Cells ; regulated exocytosis ; Endocytosis ; secretion ; large dense core vesicles ; Membrane trafficking ; super-resolution microscopy
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The volume, dedicated to the 44th International Conference of the Italian Union for Drawing, investigates the theme of ‘Transitions’, which particularly effectively represents our time and the current condition of the discipline of Drawing. The term, beyond its generic meaning of an intermediate stage in a process in which a condition changes from one state to another, has always been used in various fields, from music to geophysics. In fact, the disciplines of drawing have always been confronted with themes and issues relating to transitions from one condition to another. The history of representation tells us of transformations, even epochal ones, relating to ‘drawing’, with all that such transitions entail: suffice it to think of the evolution of forms of representation, of instrumental apparatuses, of the mutability of supports, of the analogical-digital transition underway, of the new modes of communication on platforms, of the hypertrophic offer of images also on the net that confirms Guy Debord’s intuitions relating to the new spectacularisation of society. Similarly, representation triggers transitions in the prefiguration and communication of design, the anticipation and foreshadowing of future events.The challenges posed by the digital pose open questions whose scope can only be glimpsed, such as the relationship between drawing and the act of modelling, and the construction of new paradigms of visual language and communication. ‘Transitions’, almost implicitly, points to possible futures, the evolution of technique and the search for new modes of expression; at the same time, however, it can suggest silences and reflections in a process of connection between history, theory, criticism and construction.
    Keywords: Transitions ; Cross ; Modulate ; Develop ; Drawing ; Science of Representation ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMC Architectural structure and design ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBG Engineering graphics and draughting / technical drawing ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGZ The Arts: techniques and principles
    Language: Italian , English , Spanish
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The volume, dedicated to the 44th International Conference of the Italian Union for Drawing, investigates the theme of ‘Transitions’, which particularly effectively represents our time and the current condition of the discipline of Drawing. The term, beyond its generic meaning of an intermediate stage in a process in which a condition changes from one state to another, has always been used in various fields, from music to geophysics. In fact, the disciplines of drawing have always been confronted with themes and issues relating to transitions from one condition to another. The history of representation tells us of transformations, even epochal ones, relating to ‘drawing’, with all that such transitions entail: suffice it to think of the evolution of forms of representation, of instrumental apparatuses, of the mutability of supports, of the analogical-digital transition underway, of the new modes of communication on platforms, of the hypertrophic offer of images also on the net that confirms Guy Debord’s intuitions relating to the new spectacularisation of society. Similarly, representation triggers transitions in the prefiguration and communication of design, the anticipation and foreshadowing of future events.The challenges posed by the digital pose open questions whose scope can only be glimpsed, such as the relationship between drawing and the act of modelling, and the construction of new paradigms of visual language and communication. ‘Transitions’, almost implicitly, points to possible futures, the evolution of technique and the search for new modes of expression; at the same time, however, it can suggest silences and reflections in a process of connection between history, theory, criticism and construction.
    Keywords: Transitions ; Cross ; Modulate ; Develop ; Drawing ; Science of Representation ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMC Architectural structure and design ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBG Engineering graphics and draughting / technical drawing ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGZ The Arts: techniques and principles
    Language: Italian , English , Spanish
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: En aquest document de l’Observatori de Bioètica i Dret s’analitzen els problemes que acuiten actualment la docència a l’educació superior. Els objectius dels autors són concretar què significa la integritat en la docència a la universitat; quins han de ser els seus continguts fonamentals i quines implicacions comporta; influir en els que prenen decisions en l’àmbit dels sistemes d’educació superior, i repercutir en els mitjans de comunicació i en l’opinió pública a fi d’augmentar la qualitat del debat i promoure la presa de decisions de la ciutadania, lliure i informada, en les polítiques del sistema d’educació superior.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1-1270 ; L7-991 ; BJ1-1725 ; Ethics ; Higher education ; Educació superior ; Ética ; Integritat ; Integrity ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English , Portuguese , Catalan , Spanish
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  • 7
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The adrenal gland plays essential roles in the control of body homeostasis, stress and immune responses. The adrenal cortex represents up to 90% of the gland and is specialised in the production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens. This production is tightly coordinated and results from a unique zonal organisation. Although our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling adrenal steroidogenesis is quite extensive, for decades, the mechanisms of adrenal cortex development, cellular homeostasis and renewal have remained elusive. The advent of new high-throughput technologies and sophisticated genetic approaches has brought tremendous progress in our understanding of how the adrenal cortex achieves and maintains its particular organisation. The aim of this Frontiers in Endocrinology Topic is to provide readers with a snapshot of our current knowledge on adrenal physiology and how deregulations of these processes result in adrenal diseases. This includes but is not limited to, basic research on adrenal development, cell lineage identification, progenitor cells, tissue renewal, control of differentiation and zonation and clinical research on the identification of disease-related genes.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC648-665 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; development ; adrenal ; Disease ; Hyperplasia ; Insufficiency ; zonation ; Physiology ; Adenoma ; Cancer ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-05-11
    Description: Mathematics Education; Learning & Instruction
    Keywords: Mathematics Education ; Learning & Instruction ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that historically has been associated with mild febrile illness. However, the recent outbreaks in Brazil in 2015 and its rapid spread throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean, together with its association with severe neurological disorders—including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults—have changed the historic perspective of ZIKV. Currently, ZIKV is considered an important public health concern that has the potential to affect millions of people worldwide. The significance of ZIKV in human health and the lack of approved vaccines and/or antiviral drugs to combat ZIKV infection have triggered a global effort to develop effective countermeasures to prevent and/or treat ZIKV infection. In this Special Issue of Viruses, we have assembled a collection of 32 research and review articles that cover the more recent advances on ZIKV molecular biology, replication and transmission, virus–host interactions, pathogenesis, epidemiology, vaccine development, antivirals, and viral diagnosis.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC955-962 ; microRNAs ; antivirals ; reverse genetics ; nucleic acid computation ; viral pathogenesis ; plaque reduction neutralization test ; clinical trials ; viral genetic variation ; viral fitness ; pregnancy ; type I IFN antagonist ; prM-E proteins ; eye ; replicon ; antiviral responses ; Bacterial artificial chromosome ; gene expression ; NS1 protein ; viral permissiveness ; ZIKV–host interactions ; reporter virus ; viral persistence ; blood-retinal barrier ; virus like particles ; emerging arbovirus ; Non-human primates ; heme-oxygenase 1 ; mosquito surveillance ; antiviral compounds ; ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders ; external quality assessment ; outbreak control ; therapeutics ; cryptic promoter silencing ; testis ; neurons ; mutagenesis ; RNA-seq ; microsphere immunoassay ; host-directed antivirals ; molecular diagnostics ; Bayesian analyses ; astrocytomas ; Full-length cDNA infectious clones ; viral pathogenicity ; neural progenitor cells ; full-length molecular clone ; antiviral ; multiplex nucleic acid detection ; Asian-lineage ; nucleic acid strand exchange ; IgA ; African-lineage ; vaccines ; Zika ; research models and tools ; immune response ; IgG avidity tests ; polymerase chain reaction ; Asian lineage ; sexual transmission ; TLR7/8 ; neuropathogenesis ; cross-reactions ; genetic variability ; mosquito ; ZIKV ; infectious cDNA ; prostate ; host genetic variation ; monoclonal antibodies ; optimised ; anti-viral immunity ; QCMD ; arbovirus ; FSS13025 ; MR766 ; NS5 ; EQA ; testicular cells ; virus attachment ; flavivirus ; mosquito-borne flavivirus ; dsRNA ; boolean logic-processing nucleic acid probes ; Ziks virus ; viral replication ; Aedes aegypti ; infection ; natural history ; infectious RNA ; zika virus ; chimeric viruses ; subgenomic replicon ; replication ; human brain glial cells ; microglia cells ; hepatocytes ; bacterial artificial chromosome ; detoxification and immune system responses ; testes ; dengue viruses ; Zika virus ; insecticide resistance ; NS2A protein ; plasmid toxicity ; cell surface receptors ; serology ; viral evolution ; laboratory preparedness ; flaviviruses ; Tet-inducible ; dengue virus ; diagnosis ; assay standardization ; infectious clone ; ELISA ; innate response ; congenital Zika syndrome ; secondary infections ; apoptosis ; viral survival ; ocular ; validated ; rhesus macaques ; neuroinflammation ; placenta cells ; NHP ; Zika virus (ZIKV) ; point-of-care diagnostics ; isothermal nucleic acid amplification ; microcephaly ; cytopathic effects ; indirect immunofluorescence ; fetal infection ; therapy ; siRNA ; viral counteraction ; neural cells ; silvestrol ; eIF4A ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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