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  • 1
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    Current Strategies to Improve the Nutritional and Physical Quality of Baked Goods (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The lifestyle of humans is rapidly changing, and, correspondingly, their needs and the current and future megatrends of the food market. It is worth mentioning (1) the preference for natural, simple, and flexible diets that drive the further expansion of plant-focused formulations, (2) the focus on food sustainability (food waste reduction), and (3) the interest in healthy eating as the basis for good health. The hectic routine and rapid urbanization in developed and developing regions, respectively, have shifted consumer preferences toward bread and baked foods, which, interestingly, are often high in sugars and are categorized as having a high glycemic index. Therefore, it is of major importance to address the technological challenges of manufacturing baked goods with high physical and sensory quality that result in positive metabolic responses. This Special Issue seeks to provide fundamental understanding in this area and novel strategies to improve the nutritional properties of baked goods, including a decrease in starch bioaccessibility, sugar reduction, increase in fiber and/or protein content, and the improvement of phytochemical bioactivity. This Special Issue will also cover studies on the physical and sensory improvements of baked goods that may provide a mechanistic understanding to minimize the loss of quality after the incorporation of nutritional-improving ingredients, such as edible byproducts, proteins, or fibers. Last but not least, studies focused on the reduction of additives (clean label) or fat and on the use of sourdough to improve the sensory properties of baked goods will also be included.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; particle size ; n/a ; tempering ; maize bread ; pea ; bakery products ; antinutritional factors ; nutrition knowledge ; baking ; chia ; analytical quality ; antioxidant capacity ; protein enrichment ; mucilage ; cookie ; bakery ; cereals ; sustainability ; amylopectin ; germination ; functional foods ; maize flour ; sensory QDA ; shortening ; upcycled food by-products ; pulses ; processing ; fermentation ; sesame ; glycemic response ; sieve ; flaxseed ; Mixolab ; bio-technological processing ; ?-amylase ; TPA ; high-amylose ; baking activity ; defatted sunflower seed flour ; gluten-free ; wheat–flaxseed composite ; protein digestibility ; bran ; pseudocereals ; legume fortification ; digestion ; flour refinement ; consumer ; milk lipids ; bread ; biscuits ; air classification ; faba bean ; whole grains ; retrogradation ; intermediate wheatgrass ; lentil ; sunflower ; chickpea ; colour ; protein content ; sensory evaluation ; valorisation ; amylose ; fat replacer ; fortification ; principal component analysis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 2
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    The Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas: an overview (2018)
    Springer-Verlag | Berlin/Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Eastern Sierras Pampeanas were structured by three main events: the Ediacaran to early Cambrian (580–510 Ma) Pampean, the late Cambrian–Ordovician (500–440 Ma) Famatinian and the Devonian-Carboniferous (400–350 Ma) Achalian orogenies. Geochronological and Sm–Nd isotopic evidence combined with petrological and structural features allow to speculate for a major rift event (Ediacaran) dividing into two Mesoproterozoic major crustal blocks (source of the Grenvillian age peaks in the metaclastic rocks).This event would be coeval with the development of arc magmatism along the eastern margin of the eastern block. Closure of this eastern margin led to a Cambrian active margin (Sierra Norte arc) along the western margin of the eastern block in which magmatism reworked the same crustal block. Consumption of a ridge segment (input of OIB signature mafic magmas) which controlled granulite-facies metamorphism led to a final collision (Pampean orogeny) with the western Mesoprotrozoic block. Sm–Nd results for the metamorphic basement suggest that the TDM age interval of 1.8–1.7 Ga, which is associated with the less radiogenic values of εNd(540) (−6 to −8), can be considered as the mean average crustal composition for the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas. Increasing metamorphic grade in rocks with similar detrital sources and metamorphic ages like in the Sierras de Córdoba is associated with a younger TDM age and a more positive εNd(540) value. Pampean pre-540 Ma granitoids form two clusters, one with TDM ages between 2.0 and 1.75 Ga and another between 1.6 and 1.5 Ga. Pampean post-540 Ma granitoids exhibit more homogenous TDM ages ranging from 2.0 to 1.75 Ga. Ordovician re-activation of active margin along the western part of the block that collided in the Cambrian led to arc magmatism (Famatinian orogeny) and related ensialic back-arc basin in which high-grade metamorphism is related to mid-crustal felsic plutonism and mafic magmatism with significant contamination of continental crust. TDM values for the Ordovician Famatinian granitoids define a main interval of 1.8–1.6, except for the Ordovician TTG suites of the Sierras de Córdoba, which show younger TDM ages ranging from 1.3 to 1.0 Ga. In Devonian times (Achalian orogeny), a new subduction regime installed west of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas. Devonian magmatism in the Sierras exhibit process of mixing/assimilation of depleted mantle signature melts and continental crust. Achalian magmatism exhibits more radiogenic εNd(540) values that range between 0.5 and −4 and TDM ages younger than 1.3 Ga. In pre-Devonian times, crustal reworking is dominant, whereas processes during Devonian times involved different geochemical and isotopic signatures that reflect a major input of juvenile magmatism.
    Keywords: Magmatism-metamorphism; Sm–Nd systematics; Tectonic evolution; Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic orogenies; Eastern Sierras Pampeanas ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geophysics/Geodesy; Geology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Micro-framework reconstruction from peloidal-dominated mud mounds (Viséan, SW Spain) (2018)
    Springer-Verlag | Berlin/Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Mud mound; Peloids; Automicrites; Micro-framework; Carboniferous; Spain ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Ecology; Paleontology; Geochemistry ; Biogeosciences; Sedimentology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    CO2 emissions in German, Swedish and Colombian manufacturing industries (2018)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Berlin/Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This study evaluates and compares the trends in CO2 emissions for the manufacturing industries of three countries: two developed countries (Germany and Sweden) that have applied several measures to promote a shift towards a low-carbon economy and one developing country (Colombia) that has shown substantial improvements in the reduction of CO2 emissions. This analysis is conducted using panel data cointegration techniques to infer causality between CO2 emissions, production factors and energy sources. The results indicate a trend of producing more output with less pollution. The trends for these countries’ CO2 emissions depend on investment levels, energy sources and economic factors. Furthermore, the trends in CO2 emissions indicate that there are emission level differences between the two developed countries and the developing country. Moreover, the study confirms that it is possible to achieve economic growth and sustainable development while reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as Germany and Sweden demonstrate. In the case of Colombia, it is important to encourage a reduction in CO2 emissions through policies that combine technical and economic instruments and incentivise the application of new technologies that promote clean and environmentally friendly processes.
    Keywords: CO2 emissions; Manufacturing industries; Panel data model ; 551 ; Environment; Climate Change; Climate Change Impacts; Oceanography; Geography (general); Regional/Spatial Science; Nature Conservation
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Stepwise Weakening of the Pliocene Leeuwin Current (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) operates as an important link in global thermohaline circulation, and ITF variability probably modulated Pliocene climate change. Yet, whether ITF variability accounted for oceanographic change south of Northwest Cape remains controversial. Here, we present a multiproxy oceanographic reconstruction from the Perth Basin and reconstruct the Pliocene history of the Leeuwin Current (LC). We show that the LC was active throughout the Pliocene, albeit with fluctuations in intensity and scope. Three main factors controlled LC strength. First, a tectonic ITF reorganization caused an abrupt and permanent LC reduction at 3.7 Ma. On shorter timescales, eustatic sea level and direct orbital forcing of wind patterns hampered or promoted the LC. At 3.3 Ma, for instance, LC intensity plunged in response to a eustatic ITF restriction. Site U1459 then fell outside the extent of a weakened LC, and the latitudinal sea surface temperature gradient along West Australia doubled its steepness.
    Keywords: 551 ; Perth Basin ; sediment core ; multiproxy geochemical records ; Pliocene ; Leeuwin Current (LC)
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioural strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The papers of this e-book are good examples of modern comparative neurobiology, which mainly focuses on the following four Grand Questions: a) How are different brains built during ontogeny? b) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared? c) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success? d) How have brains evolved during phylogeny? The title of this e-book, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. These issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction, and are fundamental to understand the origins of the human mind.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; comparative neurobiology ; brain evolution ; phylogeny ; ontogeny ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Brain and Art (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Could we understand, in biological terms, the unique and fantastic capabilities of the human brain to both create and enjoy art? In the past decade neuroscience has made a huge leap in developing experimental techniques as well as theoretical frameworks for studying emergent properties following the activity of large neuronal networks. These methods, including MEG, fMRI, sophisticated data analysis approaches and behavioral methods, are increasingly being used in many labs worldwide, with the goal to explore brain mechanisms corresponding to the artistic experience. The 37 articles composing this unique Frontiers Research Topic bring together experimental and theoretical research, linking state-of-the-art knowledge about the brain with the phenomena of Art. It covers a broad scope of topics, contributed by world-renowned experts in vision, audition, somato-sensation, movement, and cinema. Importantly, as we felt that a dialog among artists and scientists is essential and fruitful, we invited a few artists to contribute their insights, as well as their art. Joan Miró said that “art is the search for the alphabet of the mind.” This volume reflects the state of the art search to understand neurobiological alphabet of the Arts. We hope that the wide range of articles in this volume will be highly attractive to brain researchers, artists and the community at large.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; emotion ; neuroesthetics ; performing-arts ; creativity ; perception ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 8
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    Catalysis by Precious Metals, Past and Future (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The future of the precious metals is shiny and resistant. Although expensive and potentially replaceable by transition metal catalysts, precious metal implementation in research and industry shows potential. These metals catalyze oxidation and hydrogenation due to their dissociative behavior toward hydrogen and oxygen, dehydrogenation, isomerization, and aromatization, etc. The precious metal catalysts, especially platinum-based catalysts, are involved in a variety of industrial processes. Examples include Pt–Rh gauze for nitric acid production, the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst for cyclohexane and propylene production, and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for petrochemical hydropurification reactions, etc. A quick search of the number of published articles in the last five years containing a combination of corresponding “metals” (Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh and Au) and “catalysts” as keywords indicates the importance of the Pt catalysts, but also the continuous increase in the contribution of Pd and Au. This Special Issue reveals the importance of precious metals in catalysis and focuses on mono- and bi-metallic formulations of any supported precious metals and their promotional catalytic effect of other transition metals. The application of precious metals in diverse reactions, either homogeneous or heterogeneous, and studies of the preparation, characterization, and applications of the supported precious metal catalysts, are presented.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD146-197 ; Q1-390 ; sustainable ammonia synthesis ; Pt3Sn alloy ; alkenols ; n/a ; PtSn alloy ; propane dehydrogenation ; chelate ; photodegradation ; gold nanoparticles ; photochemical ; alkynols ; triple bond electron charge ; palladium catalyst ; Pt/Al2O3 ; 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol ; hydrogen storage ; X-ray crystallography ; ruthenium ; platinum dispersion ; gold catalysts ; reduction temperature ; DOC ; palladium ; renewable hydrogen ; 1-propanol ; 4-hydroxyproline ; glycerol ; 2-?-benzylproline ; proline ; hydrogen bonding ; oxidative coupling ; glucose oxidation ; stabilizing agent ; titania ; 4-fluoroproline ; turnover frequency ; porous carbons ; Pt–Sn/Al2O3 ; P25@Pd ; catalyst synthesis ; 2-propanol ; amino acid ; azetidine ; precious metals ; clay ; gas phase hydrogenation ; CNTs ; 3-butyn-2-ol ; Pd/Al2O3 ; heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation ; XPS ; microwave ; caesium ; perovskite ; CO oxidation ; Au–TiO2 ; dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole ; phenol photo-degradation ; pipecolinic acid ; 3-butyn-1-ol ; acetophenone ; drying ; palladium catalysts ; N-methylproline ; dehydrogenation ; PVA ; aging ; hydrodechlorination ; hydrogenolysis ; dispersion ; direct reduction ; core-shell ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 9
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    50th Anniversary of Adult Neurogenesis: Olfaction, Hippocampus and Beyond (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the mid-sixties, the discovery by Altman and co-workers of neurogenesis in the adult brain changed the previous conception of the immutability of this organ during adulthood sustained among others by Cajal. This discovery was ignored up to eighty’s when Nottebohm demonstrated neurogenesis in birds. Subsequently, two main neurogenic zones were characterized: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus. Half century later, the exact role of new neurons in the adult brain is not completely understand. This book is composed by a number of articles by leaders in the filed covering from an historic perspective to potential therapeutic opportunities.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Stroke ; Dopamine ; Exercise ; Epilepsy ; Alzheimer ; glia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Emerging Marine Biotoxins (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The emergence of marine and freshwater toxins in geographical areas where they have never been reported before is a concern due to the considerable impact on (sea)food contamination, and consequently, on public health. Several groups of marine biotoxins, in particular tetrodotoxins, ciguatoxins, and palytoxins, are included among the relevant marine biotoxins that have recently emerged in several coastal areas. A similar situation has been observed in freshwater, where cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins, could end up in unexpected areas such as the estuaries where shellfish are cultivated. Climate change and the increased availability of nutrients have been considered as the key factors in the expansion of all of these toxins into new areas; however, this could also be due to more intense biological invasions, more sensitive analytical methods, or perhaps even an increased scientific interest in these natural contaminations. The incidences of human intoxications due to the consumption of seafood contaminated with these toxins have made their study an important task to accomplish in order to protect human health. This Special Issue has a focus on a wide variety of emerging biotoxin classes and techniques to identify and quantify them.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; C-CTX-1 ; non-targeted analysis ; ciguatera fish poisoning ; suspects screening ; neurodegeneration ; adaptation ; LC-HRMS ; paralytic shellfish toxins ; LC-MS/MS ; animal toxins ; identification ; method characterization ; caribbean ciguatoxins ; oral toxicity ; water flea ; quorum sensing ; eutrophication ; beta-methyl-amino-l-alanine ; dynamics simulation ; thermal water ; spent medium ; Microcystis ; Gambierdiscus ; gambierdiscus ; whole genome sequencing ; palytoxin ; conotoxin ; ovatoxins ; cyanobacterial toxin ; BMAA ; Ciguatera fish poisoning ; Rastrineobola argentea ; calcium-activated K+ ion channel ; toxicity equivalence factor ; NMR spectroscopy ; N2a ; PPIA ; marine biotoxins ; Daphnia magna ; ELISA ; disulfide-rich peptide ; food chain ; ShK-like peptide ; voltage-gated K+ ion channel ; targeted analysis ; Chinese yellow catfish ; marine ; macaronesia ; neuroblastoma bioassay ; marine toxins ; acute toxicity ; algal–bacterial relationship ; mass spectrometry ; tetrodotoxins ; saxitoxin ; toxicology ; cationization ; seafood safety ; evolution ; cyanotoxins ; toxin genes ; zoantharian ; spatial variability ; dopaminergic neurons ; tetrodotoxin ; bivalve mollusks ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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