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  • RC321-571  (9)
  • TA1-2040  (6)
  • Frontiers Media SA  (9)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (6)
  • Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
  • English  (15)
  • 1
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    Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Trafficking in Health and Disease (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The knowledge about the properties and importance of ionotropic glutamate receptor trafficking is ever increasing. Importantly, the pace of the progress has been accelerated in recent years. Here, our contributors provide a) reviews on specific topics that present an up-to-date overview of the field, as well as b) original articles with the relevant new findings.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; AMPA receptors ; synaptic plasticity ; NMDA receptors ; trafficking ; glutamate receptors ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioural strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The papers of this e-book are good examples of modern comparative neurobiology, which mainly focuses on the following four Grand Questions: a) How are different brains built during ontogeny? b) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared? c) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success? d) How have brains evolved during phylogeny? The title of this e-book, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. These issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction, and are fundamental to understand the origins of the human mind.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; comparative neurobiology ; brain evolution ; phylogeny ; ontogeny ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Beyond the borders: The gates and fences of Neuroimmune interaction (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuroimmunology is a rapidly growing emerging field at which two old sciences have converged to integrate two different types of responses into a single coherent response involving the coordinated action of both systems, neural and immune. During long time it was thought that both systems worked separately and in divergent pathways. The brain was considered an immunoprivileged site and the immune organs were deemed as independent of any neural influence and also of nervous innervation. Time has gone and has proven that the borders between both systems were merely artificial. Since the beginning of Neuroimmunology in the 1980s much work has been done to elucidate the gates and fences in neuro-immune interactions. Brain was shown to be under the continuous surveillance of the immune system, even under basal physiological conditions in the absence of any pathology. Likely, it was found a profuse nervous innervation of lymphoid organs and even of single immune cells. Gates for direct neural immune communication were found both centrally and peripherally. Centrally, the gates, but also the fences, were situated at the brain barriers, the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and at the circunventricular organs. Peripherally, the fences constituted the apparent diverse nature of molecules involved in neural and immune signaling; however, time proved that both system were capable of producing the same signaling molecules and also systematically responded to the molecules released by the other system. Therefore, the gates were open for direct neural-immune communication at the peripheral level. This Research Topic aimed to include original reports, reviews and technical reports regarding the description of the gates and fences in neural immune interactions. We intended to provide an extensive view of the mechanisms governing central and peripheral neural-immune interactions, and the role of the borders, the blood-neural barriers, in the regulation of the neural-immune communication.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain ; Nervous System ; Immune System ; Cytokines ; endocrine sytem ; Hormones ; Neuro-imuno-endocrine ; brain barriers ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Clinical use of biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is increasing dramatically and one of the major challenges today is the need of early and accurate diagnosis, the other is the need of more effective therapies -in turn the development of such therapies also requires early and accurate diagnosis-. The main hope for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis comes from the use of biomarkers. Much research is being done trying to solve the many interrogates related to the role of biomarkers in clinical practice, including the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis and follow-up of neurodegenerative disorders. This is a field where translational research is intense enough to make this topic interesting for basic researchers and clinicians. Indeed, the amount and quality of articles received in response to the call for contributions was very good. This eBook contains a good amount of high quality articles devoted to diverse techniques across several neurodegenerative disorders from different perspectives, including original reports, reviews, methods reports and opinion letters on biochemical biomarkers in biological fluids, neuroimaging techniques and multidimensional approaches linking clinical findings with biomarkers. The disorders covered are also diverse: Alzheimer’s disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease among others. As we can learn from articles in this Research Topic, biomarkers are allowing us to expand the knowledge on the biological and anatomical basis of neurodegenerative diseases and to implement diagnostic techniques in clinical practice and clinical trials.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; neurodegenerative disease ; Parkinson's disease ; MTAi ; biomarker ; Huntington's disease ; CSF biomarkers ; Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    UAV‐Based Remote Sensing Volume 2 (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: ctive technological development has fuelled rapid growth in the number of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms being deployed around the globe. Novel UAV platforms, UAV-based sensors, robotic sensing and imaging techniques, the development of processing workflows, as well as the capacity of ultra-high temporal and spatial resolution data, provide both opportunities and challenges that will allow engineers and scientists to address novel and important scientific questions in UAV and sensor design, remote sensing and environmental monitoring. This work features papers on UAV sensor design, improvements in UAV sensor technology, obstacle detection, methods for measuring optical flow, target tracking, gimbal influence on the stability of UAV images, augmented reality tools, segmentation in digital surface models for 3D reconstruction, detection, location and grasping objects, multi-target localization, vision-based tracking in cooperative multi-UAV systems, noise suppression techniques , rectification for oblique images, two-UAV communication system, fuzzy-based hybrid control algorithms, pedestrian detection and tracking as well as a range of atmospheric, geological, , agricultural, ecological, reef, wildlife, building and construction, coastal area coverage, search and rescue (SAR), water plume temperature measurements, aeromagnetic and archaeological surveys applications
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; UAV-Based Remote Sensing ; drones ; pedestrian detection and tracking as well as a range of atmospheric ; UAV images ; fuzzy-based hybrid control algorithms ; water plume temperature measurements ; aeromagnetic and archaeological surveys ; geological ; two-UAV communication system ; agricultural ; wildlife ; reef ; detection ; multi-target localization ; ecological ; search and rescue (SAR) ; coastal area coverage ; remote sensing ; environmental science ; segmentation in digital surface models for 3D reconstruction ; location and grasping objects ; augmented reality tools ; building and construction ; aerial robotics ; noise suppression techniques ; rectification for oblique images ; vision-based tracking in cooperative multi-UAV systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    The ventricular-subventricular zone: a source of oligodendrocytes in the adult brain (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Demyelinating diseases are characterized by an extensive loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths from axolemma, which commonly result in disability in young adults. To date, there is no effective treatment against these neurological disorders. In the adult brain, there are neural stem cells (NSCs) that reside within a niche denominated ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) in the lateral wall of the cerebral ventricles. NSCs give rise to neurons and oligodendrocytes that help preserve cellular homeostasis. Growing evidence indicates that V-SVZ progenitor cells may represent an endogenous source of oligodendrocytes that can be useful to treat demyelinating diseases. This e-Book collected the most recent evidence regarding the mechanisms that modulate the proliferation, migration, quiescence, cell-fate choices and survival of oligodendrocyte precursors generated in the V-SVZ. Herein, we compiled information about the role of Sonic hedgehog, NMDA receptors, ErbB proteins, hemopressin, erythropoietin, osmolarity and microglia in the oligodendrocyte production. Some chapters also describe the role of oligodendrocyte precursors in the preservation of cellular homeostasis, aging and white matter repair. All these information is presented as novel research findings, short communications, and review articles, which were written by experts in the field of oligodendrocyte generation, myelin production and white matter re-myelination.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; myelin ; oligodendrocyte precursor cell ; white matter ; demyelinating disease ; ventricular-subventricular zone ; neural regeneration ; oligodendrocyte ; axolemma ; Neural Stem Cells ; oligodendrogenesis ; remyelination ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Analysis for Power Quality Monitoring (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We are immersed in the so-called digital energy network, continuously introducing new technological advances for a better way of life. Numerous emerging words are in the spotlight, namely: Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Smart Cities, Smart Grid, Industry 4.0, etc. To achieve this formidable goal, systems should work more efficiently, and this fact inevitably leads to power quality (PQ) assurance. Apart from its economic losses, a bad PQ implies serious risks for machines, and consequently for people. Many researchers are endeavoring to develop new analysis techniques, instruments, measurement methods, and new indices and norms that match and fulfil the requirements regarding the current operation of the electrical network. This book offers a compilation of the some recent advances in this field. The chapters range from computing issues to technological implementations, going through event detection strategies and new indices and measurement methods that contribute significantly to the advancement of PQ analysis. Experiments have been developed within the frames of research units and projects, and deal with real data from industry and public buildings. Human beings have an unavoidable commitment with sustainability, which implies adapting PQ monitoring techniques to our dynamic world, defining a digital and smart concept of quality for electricity.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; modulation ; FPGA ; flicker ; DC power quality indices ; limited resources hardware ; low cost monitor ; dynamic phasor estimation ; harmonics ; RMS voltage estimation ; islanding operation ; embedded system ; signal waveform compression ; big data ; digital signal processing ; data scalability ; data compression ; wind-grid distribution ; voltage fluctuations ; smart grid (SG) applications ; power event detection ; modelling ; voltage ripple ; power quality monitoring ; higher-order statistics (HOS) ; power distribution systems ; power quality disturbances ; reconfigurable computing ; operation analysis ; sensor node ; power quality (PQ) ; distribution networks ; wireless sensor network ; reliability ; power system measurements ; embedded microcontroller ; phasor measurement units ; IoT ; soft computing ; smart grids ; power quality monitor ; induction machines ; sensors and instruments for PQ ; Kalman filters ; low-voltage DC networks ; convolution neural network ; spectral kurtosis ; municipal distribution network ; statistical signal processing ; detection ; power quality disturbance ; smart grid ; energizing warning ; dense-mesh topology ; low computational cost ; fourth-order statistics ; PQ indices and thresholds ; machine learning ; voltage sags ; power quality ; computational solutions for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) ; constant amplitude trend ; phasor measurement ; improved principal component analysis ; long-term ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Data Acquisition and Processing in Cultural Heritage (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Advances in the knowledge of the tangible components (position, size, shape) and intangible components (identity, habits) of an historic building or site involves fundamental and complex tasks in any project related to the conservation of cultural heritage (CH). In recent years, new geotechnologies have proven their usefulness and added value to the field of cultural heritage (CH) in the tasks of recording, modeling, conserving, and visualizing. In addition, current developments in building information modeling (HBIM), allow integration and simulation of different sources of information, generating a digital twin of any complex CH construction. As a result, experts in the area have increased the number of available sensors and methodologies. However, the quick evolution of geospatial technologies makes it necessary to revise their use, integration, and application in CH. This process is difficult to adopt, due to the new options which are opened for the study, analysis, management, and valorization of CH. Therefore, the aim of the present Special Issue is to cover the latest relevant topics, trends, and best practices in geospatial technologies and processing methodologies for CH sites and scenarios as well as to introduce the new tendencies. This book originates from the Special Issue “Data Acquisition and Processing in Cultural Heritage”, focusing primarily on data and sensor integration for CH; documentation/restoration in CH; heritage 3D documentation and modeling of complex CH sites; drone inspections in CH; software development in CH; and augmented reality in CH. It is hoped that this book will provide the advice and guidance required for any CH professional, making the best possible use of these sensors and methods in CH.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; laser-scanning ; visualization ; cylinder fitting ; replica ; regression analysis ; augmented reality ; CATCHA ; Dazu Thousand-Hand Bodhisattva statue ; geomatics ; thermal dynamics ; terrestrial laser scanning ; navigation ; 3D reconstruction ; real-time ; digital documentation ; terraces ; laser scanning ; point clouds ; cultural heritage site ; multi-scale ; spatial geometric features ; vernacular ; instant tracking ; heritage ; community ; monitoring ; planar representation of vault ; cultural heritage ; integrated three-dimensional modeling ; cultural heritage documentation ; open-source software ; computer graphics ; MMS ; multi-sensor ; 4D modeling ; Arches-HIP ; multiscale ; data integration ; skeleton line ; data fusion ; close range photogrammetry ; drones ; UNESCO ; web-based GIS ; photogrammetry ; UAV ; thermal imaging ; lost heritage ; cultural heritage preservation ; virtual restoration ; out of plumb ; SLAM ; camera tracking ; LiDAR ; unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry ; point cloud ; tropical ; dry-stone walls ; multisensor ; heritage resources management ; frescoed vault ; 3D models ; landscape ; 3D printing ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 9
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    What can we make of theories of embodiment and the role of the human mirror neuron system? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent years, work surrounding theories of embodiment and the role of the putative mirror neuron system (MNS) in humans has gained considerable attention. If humans have developed a net-work of neurons that fire in response to other beings’ actions, as has been shown in macaques, this system could have vast implications for all kinds of cognitive processes unique to humans, such as language, learning, empathy and communication in general. The goal of tapping into and understanding such a system is a fascinating yet challenging one. One form of embodiment - embodied linguistics - suggests that the way we process linguistic information is linked to our physical experience of the concept conveyed by each word. The interaction between these cognitive systems (i.e., language and motor processing) may occur thanks to the firing of neurons making up the MNS. The possible interdependence between different cognitive systems has implications for healthy as well as pathological profiles, and in fact, work in recent years has also explored the role of ‘embodiment’ and/or the MNS in clinical populations such as stroke, Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Autism, among others. Research on embodiment and/or the MNS has been approached with a number of different methodologies, but the results obtained with these different methodologies have not been entirely consistent, generating doubts regarding the theories. The question has been raised as to what this line of inquiry can gain from the types of evidence contributed by functional neuroimaging methods carried out with healthy volunteers versus behavioral or lesion-symptom mapping methods employed with neurologically-compromised individuals. Of particular interest are the clinical applications of this line of research. If indeed a system exists which reflects a tight link between, for example, the human language and motor systems, then the obvious challenge is to tap into this system to create useful therapies that can provide rehabilitation where damage has occurred. This Research Topic brought together work conducted with healthy and patient populations using several behavioral and imaging techniques, as well as insightful commentaries and opinion pieces. We believe the combined work of the participating authors is an important contribution to this intriguing line of research and an excellent point of reference for future work.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; action perception ; Mirror activity ; Embodied Simulation ; Action Understanding ; Imitation ; Embodied Cognition ; Empathy ; embodiment ; motor-language processing ; Mirror Neurons ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    UAV‐Based Remote Sensing Volume 1 (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Active technological development has fuelled rapid growth in the number of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms being deployed around the globe. Novel UAV platforms, UAV-based sensors, robotic sensing and imaging techniques, the development of processing workflows, as well as the capacity of ultra-high temporal and spatial resolution data, provide both opportunities and challenges that will allow engineers and scientists to address novel and important scientific questions in UAV and sensor design, remote sensing and environmental monitoring. This work features papers on UAV sensor design, improvements in UAV sensor technology, obstacle detection, methods for measuring optical flow, target tracking, gimbal influence on the stability of UAV images, augmented reality tools, segmentation in digital surface models for 3D reconstruction, detection, location and grasping objects, multi-target localization, vision-based tracking in cooperative multi-UAV systems, noise suppression techniques , rectification for oblique images, two-UAV communication system, fuzzy-based hybrid control algorithms, pedestrian detection and tracking as well as a range of atmospheric, geological, , agricultural, ecological, reef, wildlife, building and construction, coastal area coverage, search and rescue (SAR), water plume temperature measurements, aeromagnetic and archaeological surveys applications
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; UAV-Based Remote Sensing ; drones ; pedestrian detection and tracking as well as a range of atmospheric ; UAV images ; fuzzy-based hybrid control algorithms ; water plume temperature measurements ; aeromagnetic and archaeological surveys ; geological ; two-UAV communication system ; agricultural ; wildlife ; reef ; detection ; multi-target localization ; ecological ; search and rescue (SAR) ; coastal area coverage ; remote sensing ; environmental science ; segmentation in digital surface models for 3D reconstruction ; location and grasping objects ; augmented reality tools ; building and construction ; aerial robotics ; noise suppression techniques ; rectification for oblique images ; vision-based tracking in cooperative multi-UAV systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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