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  • English  (4)
  • 2020-2024  (4)
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  • 1
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    Threat of mining to African great apes (2024)
    In:  Science Advances
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The rapid growth of clean energy technologies is driving a rising demand for critical minerals. In 2022 at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15), seven major economies formed an alliance to enhance the sustainability of mining these essential decarbonization minerals. However, there is a scarcity of studies assessing the threat of mining to global biodiversity. By integrating a global mining dataset with great ape density distribution, we estimated the number of African great apes that spatially coincided with industrial mining projects. We show that up to one-third of Africa’s great ape population faces mining-related risks. In West Africa in particular, numerous mining areas overlap with fragmented ape habitats, often in high-density ape regions. For 97% of mining areas, no ape survey data are available, underscoring the importance of increased accessibility to environmental data within the mining sector to facilitate research into the complex interactions between mining, climate, biodiversity, and sustainability.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Proceedings of the International Seminar on Safety and Security of Autonomous Vessels (ISSAV) and European STAMP Workshop and Conference (ESWC) 2019 (2021)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Aalto University hosted the 2nd edition of the International Seminar on Safety and Security of Autonomous Vessels (ISSAV) together with the 7th edition of the　European STAMP Workshop and Conference (ESWC). ISSAV promotes all aspects of maritime safety and security in the context of autonomous vessels. The seminar focuses on exchanging knowledge about key safety and security challenges and opportunities in the context of autonomous vessels and the autonomous maritime ecosystem. The ESWC focuses on applications and studies related to the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) which is a relatively new systems-thinking approach to engineering safer systems. The 2nd edition of the International Seminar on Safety and Security of Autonomous Vessels (ISSAV) and the 7th edition of the European STAMP Workshop and Conference (ESWC) took place 17-20 September 2019 in Helsinki, Finland. Scope – ISSAV Autonomous vessels have become a topic of high interest for the maritime transport industry. Recent progress in the development of technologies enabling autonomous systems has fostered the idea that autonomous vessels will soon be a reality. However, before the first autonomous vessel can be released into her actual context of operation, it is necessary to ensure that it is safe and secure.　The aim of ISSAV is to promote all aspects of maritime safety and security in the context of autonomous vessels. The seminar focuses on exchanging knowledge about key safety and security challenges and opportunities in the context of autonomous vessels and the autonomous maritime ecosystem. The seminar has a special emphasis on: The challenges in managing safety and security in the operation of autonomous vessels and the entire ecosystem of an autonomous ma
    Keywords: TK7885-7895 ; TL1-4050
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
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    First-principles based study of magnetic states and high-pressure enthalpy landscape of manganese sulfide polymorphs (2022)
    In:  Journal of Applied Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-22
    Description: Using first-principles calculations in combination with special quasirandom structure and occupation control matrix methods, we study the magnetic ordering and the effect of pressure on manganese sulfide polymorphs. At ambient conditions, MnS is commonly observed in paramagnetic rock-salt structure, but as temperature decreases at constant pressure it becomes antiferromagnetic. On the other hand, at room temperature MnS has shown to undergo structural transformations as pressure increases. Here, we show that our approach involving the ordering/disordering of the local magnetic moments in addition to the explicit control of the localization of the Mn d-electrons produces energy band gaps and local magnetic moments in excellent agreement with those observed experimentally, particularly for paramagnetic MnS. Finally, we focus on how MnS evolves under pressure and from its enthalpy landscape we identify at about 21 GPa, the structural transformation from rock-salt to orthorhombic MnP-type. This structural transformation resembles closely experimental results in which a new stable but unidentified MnS phase was previously reported.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Effects of Fe-Ca-Mg substitutions on the equation-of-state of pyrope-rich garnet from ab initio modeling and experiments: Insights and implications for the upper mantle (2024)
    In:  Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: We report systematic first-principles results of structural properties and compression behavior based on density functional theory (DFT) and an exchange-correlation functional for solids, of Al-bearing garnets of general compositions in the pyrope-almandine-grossular solid solution system. The combination of DFT and a simple solid solution model is able to produce a compositional dependence of the compression curve consistent with trends observed in experimental studies. Using end-member properties extrapolated from our computations and perturbing an extant thermodynamic model we observe only marginal effects on the bulk sound velocity of pyrolite and MORB along relevant geothermal paths. However, this could hide important effects on the elemental partitioning between garnet and other major phases which should be further investigated both experimentally and computationally. We also present simulations of the effect of combined Fe and Ca substitutions for Mg on the elastic tensor of Al-bearing garnets, our simplified modeling shows only partial agreement with the trends observed in experiments. Therefore, further computational investigations, especially of the effect of Fe-Mg substitution on the tensor, are needed.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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