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  • 1
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    Macrocognition: The Science and Engineering of Sociotechnical Work Systems (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The increasing complexity of work systems and changes in the nature of workplace technology over the past century have resulted in an exponential shift in the nature of work activities, from physical labor to cognitive work. Modern work systems have many characteristics that make them cognitively complex: They can be highly interactive; comprised of multiple agents and artifacts; information may be limited and distributed across space and time; task goals are frequently ill-defined, conflicting, dynamic and emergent; planning may only be possible at general levels of abstraction or require adaptive solutions; some degree of proficiency or expertise is required; the stakes are often high; and uncertainty, time-constraints and stress are seldom absent. To complicate matters further, cognition in complex work settings is typically constrained by broader professional, organizational, and institutional practice and policy. These features of cognitive work present significant challenges to scientific methodology and theory, and subsequent design of reliable interventions. Historically, philosophers and scientists have attempted to understand the mental activities experienced during cognitive work at multiple levels of analysis using divergent methods. Some have examined cognition at an associative, contextual, functional or holistic level, relying on naturalistic methods to understand the higher mental processes as they work in harmony during goal-directed behavior. Others have embraced experimental methods and favored internal over external validity, often reducing cognition to a psychology of fundamental acts, such as short-term memory access with millisecond shifts in attention. More recently, Macrocognition has evolved as a complementary paradigm. Macrocognitive researchers have studied the cognitive functions and processes associated with skilled, adaptive, collaborative, and resilient cognitive work in the context of the aforementioned complexities of psychotechnical and sociotechnical work systems. Typically, this research has been carried out using cognitive task analytic techniques that draw on both naturalistic and (quasi-)experimental methods. The primary goals of research in Macrocognition are to better understand cognitive adaptations to complexity, to increase our theoretical understanding of the organism-environment relations by studying the mapping between cognitive work and real-world demands, and to promote use-inspired research capable of improving system performance.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Adaptive thinking ; Cognition ; human performance ; Expertise ; Complexity ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Monthly Climatologies of Zonal‐Mean and Tidal Winds in the Thermosphere as Observed by ICON/MIGHTI During April 2020–March 2022 (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Version 5 (v05) of the thermospheric wind data from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) instrument on the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission has been recently released, which largely avoids local‐time dependent artificial baseline drifts that are found in previous versions of the ICON/MIGHTI wind data. This paper describes monthly climatologies of zonal‐mean winds and tides based on the v05 ICON/MIGHTI data under geomagnetically quiet conditions (Hp30 〈 3o) during April 2020–March 2022. Green‐line winds in the lower thermosphere (90–110 km) and red‐line winds in the middle thermosphere (200–300 km) are analyzed, as these data cover both daytime and nighttime. The latitude and height structures of zonal‐mean winds and tides are presented for each month, and the results are compared with the widely used empirical model, Horizontal Wind Model 2014 (HWM14). The ICON/MIGHTI and HWM14 results are in general agreement, providing a validation of the v05 ICON/MIGHTI data. The agreement is especially good for the zonal‐mean winds. Amplitudes of lower thermospheric tides from ICON/MIGHTI tend to be larger than those from HWM14 as well as from an empirical model, Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT). This could be due to the influence of interannual variability of the tides. The amplitude structure of lower thermospheric tides in HWM14 does not match those from ICON/MIGHTI and CTMT in some months. Also, HWM14 underestimates the meridional‐wind amplitude of the migrating diurnal tide in the middle thermosphere. These results highlight the need for improved tidal representation in HWM14.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Monthly climatologies of zonal‐mean winds and tides at 90–110 km and 200–300 km are determined using v05 Ionospheric Connection Explorer/Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (ICON/MIGHTI) observations〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉ICON/MIGHTI and Horizontal Wind Model 2014 results are in general agreement, providing a validation of the Version 5 ICON/MIGHTI data〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉The agreement is especially good for the zonal‐mean winds, while some discrepancies are found in tidal amplitudes〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: NASA
    Description: https://icon.ssl.berkeley.edu/Data
    Description: https://kp.gfz-potsdam.de/en/hp30-hp60/data
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/Hpo.0002
    Description: https://spaceweather.gc.ca/forecast-prevision/solar-solaire/solarflux/sx-5-mavg-en.php
    Description: https://globaldynamics.sites.clemson.edu/articles/ctmt.html
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5541913
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; thermosphere ; zonal‐mean winds ; tides ; ionospheric connection explorer (ICON) ; MIGHTI ; HWM14
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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