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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GM3 Signaling (2020)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Molecular genetics. ; Cancer. ; Genetics. ; Biochemistry. ; Biological transport. ; Cell membranes. ; Molecular Genetics. ; Cancer Biology. ; Genetics and Genomics. ; Biochemistry. ; Membrane Trafficking.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. History of sialic acids, gangliosides and GM3 -- 2. Synthesis of GM3 -- 3. Molecular localization of GM3 in cells -- 4. Basic function of GM3 as an interacting molecule -- 5. GD3 mimetics with a neurite forming capacity -- 6. GM3 as a pathogenic infection receptor -- 7. GM3 and related gangliosides prevent inflammation and atherosclerosis -- 8. GM3 has an anti-tumor capacity -- 9. GM3 suppresses tumor angiogenesis -- 10. Interaction between EGFR and GM3 -- 11. Membrane ganglioside-specific neuraminidase 3 (NEU3) regulates GM3 signaling -- 12. Regulation of GM3-mediated EGFR signaling by NEU3 sialidase -- 13. VEGFR-GM3 interaction in angiogenesis -- 14. GM3, competing with GM1, interaction with urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in endothelial caveolar-lipid rafts inhibits angiogenesis -- 15. GM3 interacts with TGFβ Rs in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during posterior capsular opacification (PCO) formation -- 16. Galectin-1 promotes tumor growth and escapes immune surveillance -- 17. GM3-HGFR, FGFR and PDGFR cancer cell behavior, and IGF-1R in diabetic wound healing -- 18. GM3, caveolin-1 and insulin receptor in insulin resistance -- 19. GM3 suppresses arthritis -- 20. GM3 protects cochlear hair cells and hearing from corti degeneration -- 21. GM3 increases osteoclast differentiation via direct GM3 cooperation with RANKL and IGF-1 -- 22. GM3 in leukemic cells into terminal differentiation -- 23. α2,3-Sialyllactose (3SL) or α2,6-sialyllactose (6SL) of GM3 glycan in innate immunity. .
    Abstract: This book reviews recent progress in understanding of the signaling and biochemistry of GM3 ganglioside in eukaryotic cells. GM3 is the simplest of the gangliosides and the precursor of other gangliosides. It is expressed in the outer leaflet of plasma cell membranes and has roles in the recognition, interaction, binding, adhesion, and motility of cells. In addition, GM3 has been documented to have functional roles in cell migration, proliferation, senescence, and apoptosis. The full range of topics of interest are addressed in the book. The early chapters discuss the synthesis of GM3, its molecular localization in cells, and its basic function as an interacting molecule. The ways in which GM3 exerts its effects via various growth factor receptors are fully explored. Current knowledge of the part played by GM3 in health and disease is discussed in depth. For example, its roles in preventing inflammation, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth, and suppressing arthritis are highlighted, and attention drawn to the significance of GM3 as a driver of impaired wound healing in diabetics. The book will be of interest to all who want a comprehensive update on research in this field.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VII, 138 p. 32 illus., 26 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811556524
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5652-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-5652-4
    DDC: 572.8
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ganglioside Biochemistry (2020)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Molecular genetics. ; Cancer. ; Genetics. ; Biochemistry. ; Biological transport. ; Cell membranes. ; Molecular Genetics. ; Cancer Biology. ; Genetics and Genomics. ; Biochemistry. ; Membrane Trafficking.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface: Carbohydrates- the third life chain -- 1. Glycosylation -- 2. N-Glycan and O-glycan glycosylation in eukaryotes -- 3. Sialyltransferase, sialylation and sulfoylation -- 4. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) of N-glycoprotein -- 5. Neuraminic acids/sialic acids (N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acid) -- 6. Biosynthesis of sialic acid -- 7. Neu5Gc (N-glycolylneuraminic acid) -- 8. Gangliosides -- 9. Gangliosides and tumor-associated ganglioside (TAG) modulate receptor-tyrosine kinases (RTKs) -- 10. Sialic acids and TAGs of tumor cells to escape immunesurveillance and immuneediting -- 11. Tumor characteristics in tumor related carbohydrates.
    Abstract: This book presents the latest knowledge and the most recent research results in the field of ganglioside biochemistry. The early chapters cover all relevant background on sialic acids and their biosynthesis, on N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which cannot be synthesized by humans, and on general aspects of ganglioside research. Ganglioside adsorption, disorders of ganglioside degradation, and the regulation of gangliosides are thoroughly discussed. A major focus of the book is the role of gangliosides in cancer. Here, the discussion encompasses, for example, the biological importance, antigenicity, and immunological actions of tumor-associated gangliosides (TAGs), the significance of different glycolipids and gangliosides as TAGs, and emerging anti-cancer vaccine strategies. The ability of sialic acids and TAGs of tumor cells to escape immunosurveillance and immunoediting also receives detailed attention. The significance of sialic acids in regulation of the complement system is explained, and the closing chapter focuses especially on the role of sialyl T antigen in cancer. The book will be of value for all who are interested in functional glycobiology and glycomic studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 214 p. 57 illus., 48 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811558153
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5815-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-5815-3
    DDC: 572.8
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glycosphingolipids Signaling (2020)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Molecular genetics. ; Cancer. ; Genetics. ; Biochemistry. ; Biological transport. ; Cell membranes. ; Molecular Genetics. ; Cancer Biology. ; Genetics and Genomics. ; Biochemistry. ; Membrane Trafficking.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) -- 2. Mammal GSL synthesis via ER and Golgi network -- 3. The GSL dependent signaling -- 4. Viral protein interaction with host cells GSLs -- 5. Bacterial toxin protein interaction with host cells GSL -- 6. GSL signaling regulation.
    Abstract: This book presents the latest knowledge and the most recent research results on glycosphingolipid (GSL)-mediated signaling. GSLs are important constituents of the plasma membrane that exert their distinct functions through binding to certain functional proteins. They play a role in various human diseases and also function as human alloantigens. Cellular GSLs are associated with many biological functions such as cellular oncotransformation, phenotype change, neuronal or embryonic development, regulation of cell division, cell–cell interaction, cell attachment, adhesion, and motility, and intracellular signaling via protein–carbohydrate or carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions. This book opens by providing the key background on GSL glycan–receptor interactions and mammalian GSL synthesis. Up-to-date information is then presented on all aspects of GSL-dependent signaling. Viral protein and bacterial toxin protein interactions with host cell GSLs are examined in depth, and the concluding chapter is devoted to signaling regulation. The book should assist in the further development of new strategies against emerging infectious agents and intractable diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 181 p. 30 illus., 25 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811558078
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5807-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-5807-8
    DDC: 572.8
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glycobiology of Innate Immunology (2022)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Genetics. ; Medical genetics. ; Biology. ; Membranes (Biology). ; Biological transport. ; Cell membranes. ; Genetics and Genomics. ; Medical Genetics. ; Biological Sciences. ; Biological Membranes. ; Membrane Trafficking.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1. Glycans in innate immunity of dendritic cells -- Chapter 1) Historical expansion of defense system -- Chapter 2) Columbus era to modern revolution in immunological defense system -- Chapter 3) Historical profile of defense constituents and progress in innte immune repertoire -- Chapter 4) The outline of innate immunity -- Chapter 5) Autophagy from microbial invaders and self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs) of innate immune cells -- Part 2. Dendritic cells (DCs) -- Chapter 6) General biology of DCs -- Chapter 7) Classification and different function of DCs -- Chapter 8) Glycan biosynthesis in eukaryotes -- Chapter 9) Glycans in cell recognition and evolutionary adaptation in organisms -- Chapter 10) Changes in glycan structure involve in co-regulated expression of glycan-binding lectin counterparts -- Chapter 11) Evolution of lectin: alternative splicing contributes to variation for glycan binding receptors -- Chapter 12) Glycan regulation of NK cell receptors -- Chapter 13) Carbohydrate recognition of target antigens by DCs during infection and inflammation -- Chapter 14) Glycan-specific trafficking receptors in DCs maturation -- Chapter 15) Glycan ligands in trafficking of DC migration -- Chapter 16) Chemokine receptors in DCs trafficking -- Chapter 17) Glycan structure-recognizing selectins in DC-endothelium interaction during infection and inflammation -- Chapter 18) Glycans activate the innate immune system -- Chapter 19) Innate immune lectin receptors of Siglec, DC-SIGN, Galectin and TLR in DCs -- Chapter 20) Galectins -- Chapter 21) DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin, DC-SIGNB (CD209) -- Chapter 22) Other DCs-derivd receptors -- Chapter 23) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) -- Chapter 24) CD33 and CD33-related Siglecs in pathogen recognition and endocytosis of DC in the innate immune system -- Chapter 25) Pathogenic suppression of the pathogen-specific host immune response -- Chapter 26) DCs tumor immunotherapy through sialyl binding of DCs to T cells.
    Abstract: This book presents the latest knowledge and the most recent research results on glycobiology of innate immunology. Innate immunity is the crucial part of the immunological defense system that exerts their distinct functions through binding to certain functional glycoproteins. They play a role in various human diseases and also function against microbial invaders and self-associated molecular patterns. Co-regulated expression of glycan-binding is associated with many biological components such as cellular oncotransformation, phenotype change, neuronal or embryonic development, regulation of cell division, cell–cell interaction, cell attachment, adhesion, and motility, and intracellular signaling via protein–carbohydrate or carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions. This book opens by providing the key background on glycans in innate immunity and its mechanisms behind the Dendritic cell interactions during infection and inflammation are examined in depth, and the concluding chapter is devoted to signaling tumor immunotherapy. Up-to-date information is then presented on all aspects of glycan structure-recognizing signaling. The book should assist in the further development of new strategies against emerging infectious agents and intractable diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 656 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811690815
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9081-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-9081-5
    DDC: 576.5
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Trauma; Psychosis and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: There is abundant evidence showing a strong association between trauma exposure, psychotic symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Early trauma exposure contributes to the formation of psychotic symptoms and the development of psychotic disorders or severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and treatment-refractory major depression. Furthermore, among persons with psychotic disorders, multiple traumatization over the lifetime is common, due to factors such as social stigma, the criminalization of severe mental illness, and increased vulnerability to interpersonal victimization. In addition to these factors is the traumatic nature of experiencing psychotic symptoms and coercive treatments such as involuntary hospitalization and being placed in seclusion or restraints. Not surprisingly, these high rates of trauma lead to high rates of PTSD in people with psychotic disorders, which are associated with more severe symptoms, worse functioning, and greater use of acute care services. In addition to the impact of trauma on the development of psychotic disorders and comorbid PTSD, traumatic experiences such as childhood sexual and physical abuse can shape the nature of prominent psychotic symptoms such as the content of auditory hallucinations and delusional beliefs. Additionally, traumatic experiences have been implicated in the role of ‘stress responsivity’ and increased risk for transition to psychosis in those identified as being at clinical high risk of developing psychosis. Finally, although the diagnostic criteria for PTSD primarily emphasize the effects of trauma on anxiety, avoidance, physiological over-arousal, and negative thoughts, it is well established that PTSD is frequently accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions that cannot be attributed to another DSM-V Axis I disorder such as psychotic depression or schizophrenia. Understanding the contribution of traumatic experiences to the etiology of psychosis and other symptoms can inform the provision of cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis, including the development of a shared formulation of the events leading up to the onset of the disorder, as well as other trauma-informed treatments that address distressing and disabling symptoms associated with trauma and psychosis. Until recently the trauma treatment needs of this population have been neglected, despite the high rates of trauma and PTSD in persons with psychotic disorders, and in spite of substantial gains made in the treatment of PTSD in the general population. Fortunately, progress in recent years has provided encouraging evidence that PTSD can be effectively treated in people with psychotic disorders using interventions adapted from PTSD treatments developed for the general population. In contrast to clinician fears about the untoward effects of trauma-focused treatments on persons with a psychotic disorder, research indicates that post-traumatic disorders can be safely treated, and that participants frequently experience symptom relief and improved functioning. There is a need to develop a better understanding of the interface between trauma, psychosis, and post-traumatic disorder. This Frontiers Research Topic is devoted to research addressing this interface.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC435-571 ; BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Psychosis ; PTSD ; Auditory Hallucinations ; Negative Symptoms ; Childhood Trauma ; Trauma ; Psychological Interventions ; Lived Experience ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Diverse functions of mucosal resident memory T cells (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Early studies recognized the unique phenotype and attributes of T cells found in mucosal tissues, such as the intestines, skin, lung and female reproductive tract. This special topic issue will cover many aspects of mucosal-resident T cell biology during infection and disease and is dedicated to Leo Lefrancois, a pioneer in this field who recently passed away. A major proportion of these mucosal T cells are memory T cells, now recognized as a major constituent of memory T cells referred to as tissue-resident memory T cells. Unlike central and effector memory T cell subsets, tissue-resident memory T cells exhibit tissue specificity with minimal systemic migration. Nonetheless, tissue-resident memory T cells share a similar origin and display some overlapping phenotypes with their other memory T cell counterparts. Articles in this issue will describe the different types of memory T cells residing in mucosal tissues, their origins and functions as well as how they vary among discrete mucosal sites. Manuscripts will consider the unique physiological environments and cellular constituents which facilitate tissue residency while preserving tissue function. Additionally, there will be descriptions of the various mechanisms responsible for the migration and segregation of tissue resident memory CD8 T cells from the peripheral T cell pool. Although the mechanisms facilitating the sequestration of tissue-resident memory T cells within a respective tissue has not well characterized, various theories will also be discussed. Lastly, how these T cells contribute to immunity to pathogens, cancer, and autoimmunity and could be modified through vaccination or therapeutic intervention will be described. As mucosal tissues are the major portals of pathogen entry and frequent transformation, the activities and persistence of tissue resident memory T cells is crucial for mediating protection at these sites.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; pathogens ; Microscopy ; Migration ; Mucosa ; T cell differentiation ; Vaccination ; Inflammation ; Epithelium ; CD103 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Anti-Photoagaing and Photo-Protective Compounds from Marine Organisms (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This Special Issue Book ""Anti-Photoagaing and Photo-Protective Compounds from Marine Organisms"" is aimed at collecting literature on the below-mentioned keyword topics, which can significantly increase our basic understanding of marine-derived compounds in cosmeceutical product development and increases the value of marine products at the industrial level.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; UV-absorbing compound ; lifespan ; oligosaccharides ; mast cells ; AP-1 ; antioxidant activity ; phlorotannin ; pH-thermo stability ; microalgae ; Hizikia fusiforme ; skin-aging ; MAPKs ; bioactive ; Fucofuroeckol-A ; carbohydrates ; antioxidant ; mitochondrial function ; natural ; photoprotection ; anti-inflammation ; keratinocytes ; heme oxygenase-1 ; fucoidan ; marine algae ; Biological Effective Protection Factors (BEPFs) ; 9-cis-?-carotene ; MMP ; radical scavenging activity ; Ecklonia stolonifera ; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ; Drosophila melanogaster ; anti-allergy ; miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) ; UVB ; sunscreen ; mobility ; cosmeceuticals ; collagen hydrolysates ; mycosporine-2-glycine ; scale ; cosmetics ; anti-aging ; anti-protein-glycation activity ; pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) ; inflammation ; sulfated polysaccharides ; UV- mediated action spectra ; skin health ; anti-oxidation ; ageing ; substances ; low molecular-weight ; cytoprotection ; MMPs ; 5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde ; acid-soluble collagen (ASC) ; marine collagen peptide ; Dunaliella salina ; NF-?B ; mycosporine-like amino acids ; photoprotective ; monosaccharides ; degranulation ; ultraviolet-B ; 3-bromo-4 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Allorecognition by Leukocytes of the Adaptive Immune System (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The term allorecognition refers to the series of mechanisms used by an individual’s immune system to distinguish its own cells and tissues from those of another individual belonging to the same species. During evolution, different cells and molecules of both innate and adaptive immune systems have been selected to recognize and respond to antigens expressed by allogeneic cells, but not autologous cells (alloantigens). This research topic focuses on allorecognition by lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system and its involvement in rejection or tolerance of allogeneic transplants. T and B cells recognizing alloantigens via specific receptors become activated and undergo proliferation and differentiation into different types of effector and memory cells. Allorecognition by lymphocytes occurs regularly during pregnancy upon trafficking of both maternal and fetal cells. In this setting, allorecognition triggers an alloresponse that is protective towards the fetus thus preventing abortion. Protective alloimmunity is mediated through cooperation between different lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs), as well as regulatory mediators and receptors. Likewise, certain transplants placed in organs and tissues called immune-privileged sites such as the eye, the central nervous system and the testis elicit protective rather than destructive adaptive immune responses. Therefore, under certain circumstances, allorecognition by regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs and Bregs) can lead to tolerance of alloantigens. In contrast, allorecognition by T cells in non-immune privileged sites and under inflammatory conditions leads to a destructive immune response. Indeed, after transplantation of most allogeneic organs and tissues, activation of pro-inflammatory T cells (TH1 and TH17), which recognize donor MHC proteins (direct pathway) or peptides derived from donor MHC and minor antigens (indirect pathway), leads to graft rejection. This inflammatory response leads to the differentiation of allospecific cytotoxic T cells as well as production of donor specific antibodies by B cells, both of which contribute to the destruction of the transplant. In this Research Topic, we describe the different pathways of allorecognition by T cells involved in allograft rejection, as well as the role of different antigen presenting cells and graft-derived microvesicles (exosomes) involved in this process. Another aspect of this Research Topic addresses the essential role of alloreactive memory T cells in allograft rejection and resistance to transplant tolerance induction in laboratory rodents, as well as non-human primates and patients. Indeed, it has become evident that laboratory mice display very few memory alloreactive T cells pre-transplantation, essentially due to the fact that they are raised in pathogen-free facilities. In contrast, primates display high frequencies of alloreactive memory T cells, either generated through prior exposure to allogeneic MHC molecules or via cross-reactivity with microbial antigens. We and others have provided ample evidence showing that this feature accounts for differences in terms of tolerance susceptibility between laboratory rodents and patients. This implies that further investigation of tolerance protocols in laboratory mice should be performed using “dirty mice” i.e., mice raised in non-sterile conditions. In summary, this Research Topic addresses key aspects of allorecognition by lymphocytes and alloantigen presentation by dendritic cells, and specifically how these processes shape our immune system and govern the rejection or tolerance of allogeneic tissues and organs.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; lymphocytes ; dendritic cells ; transplantation ; Allorecognition ; antibodies ; transplant rejection ; transplant tolerance ; immune privilege ; alloantigens ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Marine Proteins and Peptides (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Marine proteins and peptides have great potential application in developing pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Proteins and peptides from marine sources are considered to be safe and inexpensive. Protein- and peptide-based drugs have been increasing in recent days to cure various diseases by serving multiple roles, such as antioxidants, anticancer drugs, antimicrobials, and anticoagulants. There are different marine sources (macroalgae, fish, shellfish, and bivalves), which possibly contain specific protein and peptides.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; anticoagulant proteins and peptides ; cardio protective proteins and peptides ; fish collagen ; antifreeze proteins and peptides ; antihypertensive proteins ; anticancer proteins and peptides ; antimicrobial protein and peptides ; antitumor proteins and peptides ; antioxidant proteins and peptides ; macro algae protein ; isolation process ; fish gelatin ; digestive enzymes ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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