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  • English  (40)
  • 2020-2024  (40)
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  • 1
    Keywords: Nervous system Surgery. ; Nervous system Radiography. ; Oncology. ; Medical physics. ; Neurology . ; Interventional radiology. ; Neurosurgery. ; Neuroradiology. ; Oncology. ; Medical Physics. ; Neurology. ; Interventional Radiology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Creating the Future -- CyberKnife Warfare in America: Battles at the Border Between Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology -- The CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery System -- The Target Locating System for CyberKnife NeuroRadiosurgery -- Treatment Planning -- Small Field Dosimetry -- Quality Control -- Morphological Imaging -- Functional Imaging -- Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) tractography -- Metabolic Imaging -- Radiobiology of Radiosurgery and Hypofractionated Treatments -- Organs at Risk (OAR) Tolerance in Hypofractionated Radiosurgery -- Brain Metastasis: Therapeutic, Diagnostic and Strategic Considerations -- Brain Metastasis: The Experience of the Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery -- Multiple Brain Metastases -- Large Metastases and Tumor Bed -- Parasagittal and Convexity Meningiomas -- Skull Base Meningiomas -- High Grade Meningiomas and Hemagiopericytomas -- Perioptic Meningiomas -- Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas -- Vestibular Schwannomas -- Large Vestibular Schwannomas -- Pituitary Adenomas -- Craniopharyngiomas -- Malignant Gliomas -- Pilocytic Astrocytomas -- Pineal Tumors -- Reirradiation of Skull Base Tumors -- Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas -- Paragangliomas of Head and Neck -- Paragangliomas: a case series from Burdenko Institute -- Brainstem Tumors -- Uveal Melanoma -- Pediatric Radiosurgery -- Immunotherapy and Radiosurgery -- Spinal Metastases -- Reirradiation of Spinal Metastases -- Benign Spinal Tumors -- Intradural Spinal Lesions -- Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations -- Large Arteriovenous Malformations -- Cerebral Cavernous Malformations -- Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas -- Cavernous Sinus Hemangiomas -- Trigeminal Neuralgia -- Movement Disorders -- Epilepsy -- Psychiatric/Behavioral Disorders. .
    Abstract: This book is a practical guide on image-guided robotic (CyberKnife®) radiosurgery of the brain and the spine. The volume introduces the radiosurgical community to the potential of image-guidance in the treatment of neurosurgical diseases including neuro-oncological, vascular and functional disorders. Principles of image-guided radiosurgery, including physics and radiobiology are considered. Each chapter provides a critical review of the literature and analyses of several aspects to offer an assessment of single and hypofractionated treatments. Based on the authors’ experience, tables or summaries presenting the treatment approaches and associated risks are included as well. Providing a practical guide to define the selection of dose, fractionation schemes, isodose line, margins, imaging, constraints to the structures at risk will support safe practice of neuroradiosurgery. This book aims to shed new light on the treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the central nervous system using the CyberKnife® image-guided robotic radiosurgery system. It will be adopted by neurosurgery residents and neurosurgery consultants as well as residents in radiation oncology and radiation oncologists; medical physicists involved in radiosurgery procedures may also benefit from this book. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 588 p. 147 illus., 120 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030506681
    DDC: 617.48
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Nanobiotechnology. ; Biomedical engineering. ; Robotics. ; Self-assembly (Chemistry). ; Biopolymers. ; Biomaterials. ; Nanobiotechnology. ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. ; Robotics. ; Self-assembly. ; Biopolymers.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics in Integrative Biology and Biomedicine -- Self-Assembled Polymeric Micelles as a Drug Carrier -- Polymer Nanohybrid Patches for Improved Hemostasis and Wound Healing Applications -- 3D Printed Nanorobots and Microswimmers for Therapeutic Advancement -- Magnetoresponsive Nanohybrids as Promising Nanodiagnostic Tools for Bioimaging -- Nanotherapeutics: An Insight into Healthcare and Multi-Dimensional Applications in the Medical Sector of the Modern World -- Design Strategies for Physical-Stimuli-Responsive Programmable Nanotherapeutics -- Functionalized Protein Nanobot-Based Therapy -- Photothermal Nanomaterials for Wound Monitoring and Cancer Biomedicine -- Fundamental Nano-Hybrid Polymers for Nanorobotics and Nano-Diagnostics -- Wearable Biosensor Nano- and Micro-Systems for Medical Diagnostics -- Smart Biosensors Based on Porous Graphene Scaffolds for Chronic Wound Care -- Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics Toos in Bio-Agricultures -- CRISPR Applications in Nanodiagnostics of Plant Diseases -- Conclusions and Future Prospective of Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics -- Bibliography -- Index.
    Abstract: Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics in Integrative Biology and Biomedicine "Nanorobotics and nanodiagnostics” can be defined as a new generation of biohybrid and nanorobotics that translate fundamental biological principles into engineering design rules, or integrative living components into synthetic structures to create biorobots and nanodiagnotics that perform like natural systems. Nanorobots or nanobots are structured of a nanoscale made of individual assemblies. They can be termed as intelligent systems manufactured with self-assembly strategies by chemical, physical and biological approaches. The nanorobot can determine the structure and enhance the adaptability to the environment in interdisciplinary tasks. "Nanorobotics and nanodiagnostics" is a new generation of biohybrid that translates fundamental biological principles into engineering design rules to create biorobots that perform like natural systems. These biorobotics and diagnostics can now perform various missions to be accomplished certain tasks in the research areas such as integrative biology and biomedicine. "Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics in Integrative Biology and Biomedicine" sheds light on a comprehensive overview of the multidisciplinary areas that explore nanotherapeutics and nanorobotic manipulation in biology and medicine. It provides up-to-date knowledge of the promising fields of integrative biology and biomedicine for nano-assisted biorobotics and diagnostics to detect and treat diseases that will enable new scientific discoveries. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 455 p. 142 illus., 126 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031160844
    DDC: 620.5
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Zoology. ; Animal migration. ; Biodiversity. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Physiology. ; Genetics. ; Zoology. ; Animal Migration. ; Biodiversity. ; Conservation Biology. ; Animal Physiology. ; Genetics and Genomics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction and implementation of harp traps signal a new era in bat research -- Chapter 2. Bats as Hosts of Important Unicellular Endoparasites -- Chapter 3. A global review of phylogeographic studies on bats -- Chapter 4. All the Better to Eat You With: The Legacy of James S. Findley’s Phenetic Approach to Bat Biology -- Chapter 5. Fur, wings, and flowers: development and progress on nectarivorous bat research in the last 50 years -- Chapter 6. The Winter Worries of Bats: Past and Present Perspectives on Winter Habitat and Management of Cave Hibernating Bats -- Chapter 7. Integrating physiological and behavioral traits with ontogeny, phylogenetic history, and survival and fitness to understand heterothermy in bats -- Chapter 8. Molecular biology in the evolution of bats: a historical perspective -- Chapter 9. Molecular biology in the evolution of bats: a historical perspective -- Chapter 10. The evolution of acoustic methods for the study of bats -- Chapter 11. Bats, Bat Flies, and Fungi: Exploring Uncharted Waters -- Chapter 12. Bats and the Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Resource Spatio-temporal Predictability (STP) -- Chapter 13. There and Back Again: Homing in Bats Revisited -- Chapter 14. A NASBR history of radiotelemetry–how technology has contributed to advances in bat biology -- Chapter 15. Bats Flying at High Altitudes -- Chapter 16. Contributions of Women and Creating a Culture of Inclusivity at the North American Society for Bat Research -- Chapter 17. Pioneers of bat habitat and resource selection -- Chapter 18. NASBR Origins 1970-2020: From an Informal Gathering to a Scientific Society -- Chapter 19. The Importance of Water Availability to Bats: Climate Warming and Increasing Global Aridity -- Chapter 20. Bats as reservoirs of viral zoonoses -- Chapter 21. Bats in temperate forests: where are the trends in bat populations? -- Chapter 22. How noise affects bats and what it reveals about their biosonar systems.
    Abstract: With more than 1,400 species, bats are an incredibly diverse and successful group of mammals that can serve as model systems for many unique evolutionary adaptations. Flight has allowed them to master the sky, while echolocation enables them to navigate in the dark. Being small, secretive, nocturnal creatures has made bats a challenge to study, but over the past 50 years, innovative research has made it possible to dispel some of the mystery and myth surrounding them to give us a better understanding of the role these animals play in the ecosystem. The structure of the book is based on several broad themes across the biological sciences, including the evolution of bats, their ecology and behavior, and conservation of biodiversity. Within these themes are more specific topics on important aspects of bat research, such as morphology, molecular biology, echolocation, taxonomy, systematics, threats to bats, social structure, reproduction, movements, and feeding strategies. Given its scope, the book will appeal to the wider scientific community, environmental organizations, and government policymakers who are interested in the interdisciplinary aspects of biology and nature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 374 p. 63 illus., 52 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030547271
    Series Statement: Fascinating Life Sciences,
    DDC: 590
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Food science. ; Botany. ; Food Engineering. ; Plant Science. ; Food Science.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. High protein foods: A comparison of animal origin vs plant origin foods -- 2. An overview of plant-based protein rich products -- 3. Processing technologies to produce plant protein concentrates and isolates -- 4. Product development technologies for plant protein-based foods -- 5. Enrichment and fortification of traditional foods with plant protein isolates -- 6. Plant-based meat analogues and modified meat extenders -- 7. Fermented plant protein products -- 8. Extruded protein films / non-textured protein products -- 9. Plant protein based drinks / beverages -- 10. Sensory and physical properties of plant protein foods -- 11. Amino acid profile and bioavailability of plant-based protein rich products -- 12. Nutritional quality, health implications of plant-based protein rich foods and/or Plant protein foods in the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases -- 13. Anti-nutritional factors and biological constraints in the use of plant protein isolates and concentrates -- 14. Safety and regulation requirements for plant-based protein rich foods -- 15. Meat replacers and meal plans based on plant protein isolates for human consumption -- 16. Global trends in the use of plant protein foods: Awareness, availability and consumption -- 17. Marketing opportunities for plant-based protein products.
    Abstract: Regular consumption of plant-based protein foods instead of animal-based protein foods reduces the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and certain cancers. Apart from human health, the adverse effects to the environment due to the production of protein is much higher for animal sources than plant sources. Greenhouse gas emissions from the production of one pound of lamb meat, for example, are thirty times higher than one pound of lentils. As consumers are increasingly aware of personal health and environmental impact of food production, the demand for plant protein foods is increasing globally. This trend has prompted several large-scale collaborative research projects on plant-based protein products supported by the industry and governmental agencies. Several established multinational meat companies have started adding plant-protein product lines to meet the current demand. This book presents the first comprehensive compilation of literature on plant-based protein foods. Chapters cover protein extraction technologies from plants, comparison of amino acid profiles of plant- and animal-based proteins, approaches to product development for plant-based protein products, health benefits of plant-based protein foods, market opportunities, and future challenges. Plant Protein Foods is an essential reference for consumers, students, researchers, food manufacturers and other stakeholders interested in this domain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 519 p. 51 illus., 30 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030912062
    DDC: 664
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-02-15
    Description: Entrainment and mixing play an essential role in shaping the droplet size distribution (DSD), with commensurate effects on cloud radiative properties or precipitation formation. In this paper, we use a model that considers all relevant scales related to entrainment and mixing by employing the linear eddy model (LEM) as a subgrid‐scale (SGS) mixing model, coupled with a large‐eddy simulation model and a Lagrangian cloud model (LCM) for a single cumulus congestus cloud. We confirm that the DSD is broadened toward small‐size droplets during homogeneous mixing. During inhomogeneous mixing, the DSD width remains almost unchanged. The DSD width can also be narrowed after mixing. We show that this happens when DSD is broadened toward small‐size droplets, which evaporate rapidly, while larger droplets are almost unaffected. In addition, when droplets ascend during mixing, DSD narrowing is caused when the adiabatic increase in supersaturation is slower than the average droplet evaporation, allowing only the largest droplets to benefit from the newly produced supersaturation. The narrowing mixing scenario prevents clouds from having too broad DSDs and causes the DSD relative dispersion to converge around 0.2 to 0.4. As this scenario is more frequent when the LEM SGS model is used, our results indicate that adequately modeling turbulent mixing is necessary to represent a realistic DSD shape.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Clouds are always in contact with the surrounding air. Because the air outside the cloud is drier than the cloud, cloud droplets tend to evaporate when it enters the cloud. The size of the cloud droplets after evaporation can vary depending on the timescales of turbulent mixing and droplet evaporation. If the dry air mixes quickly, all droplets evaporate simultaneously. If the dry air is mixed slowly, only the droplets exposed to the dry air evaporate. However, this mixing occurs on small scales that traditional cloud models cannot account for. To account for this, we use a special model capable of representing all relevant scales. We confirm previous theoretical work that when mixing is fast, all droplets evaporate and the mean droplet size decreases. When mixing is slow, some droplets evaporate completely, but the average droplet size remains constant. We also observe cases where only small droplets evaporate while large droplets barely change. This scenario happens when there are many small droplets to evaporate or when additional moisture from cloud motion prevents larger droplets from evaporating completely.
    Description: Key Points: Changes in the droplet spectrum width under different mixing scenarios are investigated using a Lagrangian cloud model. While droplet spectrum broadening is common, narrowing occurs when the droplet size relative dispersion is large, or when droplets ascend. The interaction of these different mixing scenarios favors a relative dispersion of the droplet spectrum between 0.2 and 0.4.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: http://rossby.msrc.sunysb.edu/SAM.html
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120916
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; entrainment and mixing ; cumulus clouds ; droplet size distribution ; Lagrangian cloud model ; mixing scenarios
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 6
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-06-19
    Description: The impact of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the surface air temperature (SAT) in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics is investigated. It is found that the QBO, defined as 70-hPa zonal wind in the deep tropics, is negatively correlated with the SAT over the western North Pacific in February and March. Cold temperature anomaly appears during the QBO westerly phase. Such relationship is likely mediated by the subtropical jet. During the QBO westerly phase, a horseshoe-shaped zonal wind anomaly forms in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and is connected to the equatorward shift of the Asia-Pacific jet. This equatorward jet shift is accompanied by a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the subtropical North Pacific and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly over northern Eurasia in the troposphere. The resultant temperature advection brings cold air to East Asia and the western North Pacific. This regional downward coupling in February and March, which is not sensitive to El Niño-Southern Oscillation, has become statistically significant in recent decades.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-26
    Description: Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is a suggested climate engineering approach to counteract some consequences of global warming on regional and global scales by increasing the amount of shortwave radiation reflected by shallow marine clouds through the seeding of sea salt aerosol particles. However, assessing the potentials, as well as the risks of MCB requires a multiscale perspective, covering not only the intended and unintended large-scale impacts, but also critical small-scale aspects, e.g., the seeded aerosol size distribution or changes in cloud turbulence, which are usually neglected or only crudely parameterized in large-scale assessments. Therefore, a highly detailed representation of aerosol and cloud microphysics is necessary to reduce these uncertainties. In this talk, we will summarize our recent Lagrangian cloud modeling (LCM) studies that allowed us to assess (a) the implications of the seeded aerosol size distribution on the efficacy of MCB, highlighting unintended consequences of adding either too large or too many aerosol particles, (b) implications for radiative transfer calculations, and (c) first results on the impacts of chemical components in the seeded aerosol. Understanding these small-scale aspects is essential for science-based decision-making on MCB and hence its potential realization in the future.
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-05-30
    Description: On the timescales of mantle convection (~100 Myrs), downwelling mantle flows due to buoyancy-driven flows depress the core-mantle boundary (CMB) into the outer core (OC) creating a dynamic topography. Seismological studies have suggested that the peak-to-peak amplitudes are less than 10 km. If the solid grain boundaries of mantle silicates and oxides are sufficiently wetted, percolation of liquid iron alloy into the matrix can create an interconnected network to form a metal-silicate mush at CMB topography lows. Since timescales of large-scale flows at the top of the OC are much smaller than viscous compaction timescales of the silicate matrix in the mushy layer, hydrodynamic and magnetic pressure gradients in the OC can drive Darcy flow inside the porous region. This will not only create an electrically conducting region at the solid side of the CMB that distorts the magnetic field, but also produce stronger mechanical coupling within the mushy layer via viscous stresses between the matrix and fluid. These combined effects can result in torques at the CMB that transfers angular momentum between the mantle and OC, thus affecting variations in the length of day. Lastly, flows in the mushy layer facilitate chemical and isotopic exchange between the liquid iron and silicate matrix which has implications on the chemical evolution of the Earth. We will present a study that analyses the pressure torques at the CMB due to the presence of a porous layer, and how surface core flows can be affected by permeability and porosity of the layer.
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-05-23
    Description: The core-mantle boundary (CMB) is isothermal as lateral variations in temperature are removed by core flows. However, mantle convection and thermochemical heterogeneities situated above the CMB can produce variations in heat flux. Direct seismic imaging of the lower mantle has identified different anomalous wave-speed features. Some seismically slow anomalies (e.g., large low-seismic-velocity provinces, LLVPs, and ultralow-velocity zones, ULVZs) have been interpreted to be structures of either thermal or thermochemical origin which are warmer than the ambient mantle. Meanwhile, fast anomalies are interpreted to be remnants of cold subducted slabs. Heat flow variations across the CMB are thought to influence core surface flows and the resulting magnetic secular variation. It has also been proposed that the frequency likelihood of geomagnetic reversals could be influenced by these heterogeneities. Other studies suggest that LLVPs and ULVZs might be partially molten, containing iron-rich melts due to chemical interactions with the core or remnants of a basal magma ocean. Meanwhile, metal-silicate mushy zones might exist beneath mantle downwellings due to percolation of liquid metal. Depending on the melt fraction present, the electrical conductivity at the CMB can be more significant than previously thought, possibly correlating with low heat flux regions. In this study, we will present results from geodynamo simulations with lateral variations in electrical conductivity and heat flux at the CMB, focussing on regional impacts on the geomagnetic field and secular variations. We aim to show that conditions at the CMB influence both the field generated and the resulting field at the Earth’s surface.
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-06-01
    Description: Entrainment and mixing is a multiscale process that plays an essential role in shaping the droplet size distribution (DSD), and hence cloud radiative properties and precipitation formation. In this study, we use a model that considers all relevant scales related to entrainment and mixing by employing a new explicit subgrid-scale mixing model in large-eddy simulations of a cumulus congestus cloud. We mainly focus on how the DSD is changed during entrainment and mixing. We confirm that the DSD is broadened toward small-size droplets during so-called homogeneous mixing. During so-called inhomogeneous mixing, the DSD width remains almost unchanged. Most interestingly, we find that the DSD can be narrowed during mixing, too, a scenario that occurs when the DSD is very broad, and the entrained air is almost saturated. In this case, the complete evaporation of numerous small droplets, which evaporate faster than larger droplets, is sufficient to saturate the mixture without substantial evaporation of larger droplets. The narrowing is increased when the mixing happens inside an updraft. Combined, the different ways entrainment and mixing change the DSD width cause its relative dispersion to converge around 0.2 to 0.4, as frequently observed in nature. Thus, entrainment and mixing is essential to prevent too broad or too narrow DSDs. This study also suggests that the DSD shape, relative humidity, and ascending motions are crucial to capture the effects of different mixing scenarios in parameterizations.
    Language: English
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