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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Modern methods of igneuos petrology : understanding magmatic processes (1990)
    Washington, D.C. : Mineralogical Society of America
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: 11/M 94.0172
    In: Reviews in mineralogy
    Description / Table of Contents: The Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) sponsored a short course by this title December 1990 at the Cathedral Hill Hotel in San Francisco, California. It was organized by the editors, Jim Nicholls and Kelly Russell, and presented by the authors of this volume to about 80 participants in conjunction with the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union. Igneous petrology, in its broadest applications, treats the transfer of matter and energy from planetary interiors to their exteriors. Over the past several decades igneous petrology has gained sophistication in three areas that deal with such transfers: the properties of silicate melts and solids can be estimated as functions of pressure, temperature and composition; some results of experimental and theoretical studies of the physics of multiphase flow are available; and many of the algorithms for realistically modeling magmatic processes are in place. Each of these fields of study, to some extent, have to be pursued independently. In our opinion, now is an ideal time to collect some features of these studies as preparation for more integrated future work and to show some consequences of applying current ideas to the study of igneous processes. We have attempted to bring together the basic data and fundamental theoretical constraints on magmatic processes with applications to specific problems in igneous petrology.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 314 S.
    ISBN: 0-939950-29-4 , 978-0-939950-29-4
    ISSN: 1529-6466
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy 24
    Classification:
    Mineralogy
    Language: English
    Note: Chapter 1. Principles of Thermodynamic Modeling of Igneous Processes by James Nicholls, p. 1 - 24 Chapter 2. Thermodynamic Properties of Silicate Liquids with Emphasis on Density, Thermal Expansion and Compressibility by Rebecca L. Lange and Ian S. E. Carmichael, p. 25 - 64 Chapter 3. Simulation of Igneous Differentiation Processes by Roger L. Nielsen, p. 65 - 106 Chapter 4. The Mathematics of Fluid Flow and a Simple Application to Problems of Magma Transport by James Nicholls, p. 107 - 124 Chapter 5. Physical Processes in the Evolution of Magmas by Stephen Tait and Claude Jaupart, p. 125 - 152 Chapter 6. Magma Mixing Processes: Insights and Constraints from Thermodynamic Calculations by J. Kelly Russell, p. 153 - 190 Chapter 7. Controls on Oxidation-Reduction Relations in Magmas by Ian S. E. Carmichael and Mark S. Ghiorso, p. 191 - 212 Chapter 8. Dynamics of Eruptive Phenomena by Claude Jaupart and Stephen Tait, p. 213 - 238 Chapter 9. Melt Fraction Diagrams: The Link between Chemical and Transport Models by George Bergantz, p. 239 - 258 Chapter 10. Textural Constraints on the Kinetics of Crystallization of Igneous Rocks by Katherine V. Cashman, p. 259 - 314
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
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    Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1: introduction and evaluation of global-mean temperature response (2020)
    In:  Geoscientific Model Development
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Reduced-complexity climate models (RCMs) are critical in the policy and decision making space, and are directly used within multiple Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports to complement the results of more comprehensive Earth system models. To date, evaluation of RCMs has been limited to a few independent studies. Here we introduce a systematic evaluation of RCMs in the form of the Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (RCMIP). We expect RCMIP will extend over multiple phases, with Phase 1 being the first. In Phase 1, we focus on the RCMs' global-mean temperature responses, comparing them to observations, exploring the extent to which they emulate more complex models and considering how the relationship between temperature and cumulative emissions of CO2 varies across the RCMs. Our work uses experiments which mirror those found in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), which focuses on complex Earth system and atmosphere–ocean general circulation models. Using both scenario-based and idealised experiments, we examine RCMs' global-mean temperature response under a range of forcings. We find that the RCMs can all reproduce the approximately 1 ∘C of warming since pre-industrial times, with varying representations of natural variability, volcanic eruptions and aerosols. We also find that RCMs can emulate the global-mean temperature response of CMIP models to within a root-mean-square error of 0.2 ∘C over a range of experiments. Furthermore, we find that, for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP)-based scenario pairs that share the same IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)-consistent stratospheric-adjusted radiative forcing, the RCMs indicate higher effective radiative forcings for the SSP-based scenarios and correspondingly higher temperatures when run with the same climate settings. In our idealised setup of RCMs with a climate sensitivity of 3 ∘C, the difference for the ssp585–rcp85 pair by 2100 is around 0.23∘C(±0.12 ∘C) due to a difference in effective radiative forcings between the two scenarios. Phase 1 demonstrates the utility of RCMIP's open-source infrastructure, paving the way for further phases of RCMIP to build on the research presented here and deepen our understanding of RCMs.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Climate model projections from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) of CMIP6 (2021)
    In:  Earth System Dynamics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) defines and coordinates the primary future climate projections within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). This paper presents a range of its outcomes by synthesizing results from the participating global coupled Earth system models for concentration driven simulations. We limit our scope to the analysis of strictly geophysical outcomes: mainly global averages and spatial patterns of change for surface air temperature and precipitation. We also compare CMIP6 projections to CMIP5 results, especially for those scenarios that were designed to provide continuity across the CMIP phases, at the same time highlighting important differences in forcing composition, as well as in results. The range of future temperature and precipitation changes by the end of the century encompassing the Tier 1 experiments (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5) and SSP1-1.9 spans a larger range of outcomes compared to CMIP5, due to higher warming (by 1.15 °C) reached at the upper end of the 5–95 % envelope of the highest scenario, SSP5-8.5. This is due to both the wider range of radiative forcing that the new scenarios cover and to higher climate sensitivities in some of the new models compared to their CMIP5 predecessors. Spatial patterns of change for temperature and precipitation averaged over models and scenarios have familiar features, and an analysis of their variations confirms model structural differences to be the dominant source of uncertainty. Models also differ with respect to the size and evolution of internal variability as measured by individual models' initial condition ensembles' spread, according to a set of initial condition ensemble simulations available under SSP3-7.0. The same experiments suggest a tendency for internal variability to decrease along the course of the century, a new result that will benefit from further analysis over a larger set of models. Benefits of mitigation, all else being equal in terms of societal drivers, appear clearly when comparing scenarios developed under the same SSP, but to which different degrees of mitigation have been applied. It is also found that a mild overshoot in temperature of a few decades in mid-century, as represented in SSP5-3.4OS, does not affect the end outcome in terms of temperature and precipitation changes by 2100, which return to the same level as those reached by the gradually increasing SSP4-3.4. Central estimates of the time at which the ensemble means of the different scenarios reach a given warming level show all scenarios reaching 1.5 °C of warming compared to the 1850–1900 baseline in the second half of the current decade, with the time span between slow and fast warming covering 20–28 years from present. 2 °C of warming is reached as early as the late '30s by the ensemble mean under SSP5-8.5, but as late as the late '50s under SSP1-2.6. The highest warming level considered, 5 °C, is reached only by the ensemble mean under SSP5-8.5, and not until the mid-90s.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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