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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biomass Utilization: Conversion Strategies (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Biochemistry. ; Renewable energy sources. ; Environmental engineering. ; Biotechnology. ; Bioremediation. ; Sustainability. ; Biochemistry. ; Renewable Energy. ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. ; Sustainability.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Fractionation strategies -- Chapter 3. Biochemical conversion of cellulose -- Chapter 4. Biochemical conversion of hemicellulose -- Chapter 5. Biochemical conversion of lignin -- Chapter 6. Thermochemical conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose -- Chapter 7. Thermochemical conversion of lignin -- Chapter 8. Material application of lignin -- Chapter 9. TEA for evaluating biorefinery strategies.
    Abstract: This book focuses on the technologies developed for the conversion of all three biomass components, i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and their constituents, to fuels and high-value products. Both biochemical and thermochemical approaches are reviewed. Additionally, the developed technologies are described in detail and their potential applications as well as their commercial status are discussed. The early attempts to produce fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock focused solely on the biological conversion of cellulose because the only organism that had been used successfully for commercial production of ethanol, i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, could only ferment glucose, which was obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulose. Hemicellulose and lignin were considered as wastes in these processes and were normally removed in pretreatment processes to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining cellulose. However, this approach was not economically feasible and as a result, the biorefinery concept was developed. In a biorefinery, in addition to ethanol, various higher-value products are produced from hemicellulose and lignin, which were previously not considered. Consequently, technologies were developed for the fractionation of biomass and conversion of hemicellulose and lignin to fuels and high-value products to improve the economic feasibility. Written and edited by a team of investigators with many years of experience in biomass processing research and development, this book is an informative resource for postgraduate students and researchers interested in biorefinery and biofuel technologies both in academia- and commercial laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 245 p. 43 illus., 19 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031058356
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05835-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05835-6
    DDC: 572
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Smart Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Cancer. ; Nanomedicine. ; Drug delivery systems. ; Nanotechnology. ; Cancer Nanotechnology. ; Drug Delivery. ; Nanotechnology. ; Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction to active smart nanomaterials for biomedical applications -- Cancer cell sensing and therapy using affinity tag-conjugated gold nanoparticles -- Gold nanoparticles enlighten the future of cancer theranostics -- Recent advances in hydrogels smart drug delivery systems -- Carbon-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications -- A new era of cancer treatment: carbon nanotubes as drug delivery tools -- pH- and ion-sensitive materials for control drug delivery -- Thermo-responsive polymers and their application as smart biomaterias -- Redox-responsive polymers and their application in drug delivery systems -- Recent strategies to explore the biomedical applications of nanocellulose -- Tissue engineering using cellulose nanofibrils as Scaffold material -- Use of solidlipid nanoparticles to improve the oral bioavailability of poor soluble drugs -- Applications of dendrimers in drug delivery systems -- Liposomes for drug delivery: progress and problems -- Cubosome nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of anticancer drug -- Layer-by-Layer assemblies for cancer diagnosis and treatment -- Polymeric micelles for drug delivery -- Role of plant-based materials/gums in developing drug delivery systems -- Ethosomes: A novel tool for drug delivery through the skin -- Niosomes as nanoparticular drug carriers: fundamentals and recent applications -- Graphene oxide nanosheets used in photothermal therapy -- Metal doped carbon dots used in bio-imaging and cancer therapy -- Bibliography -- Glossary -- Index.
    Abstract: With the start of 2020, the wrath of pandemic challenged the scientific community to develop more advanced drug delivery approaches for biomedical applications, endowing conventional drugs with additional therapeutic benefits and minimum side effects. Although significant advancements have been done in the field of drug delivery, there is a need to focus towards strategizing novel and improved drug delivery systems that should be convenient and cost-effective to the patients, and simultaneously they should also provide financial benefits to pharmaceutical companies. Controlled drug delivery technology offers ample opportunities and scope for improvising the therapeutic efficacy of drugs via optimizing the drug release rate and time. For this endeavour, smart nanomaterials have served as remarkable candidates for biomedical applications, owing to their ground-breaking properties and design. The development of such nanomaterials requires a broad knowledge related to their physio-chemical properties, molecular structure, mechanisms by which the nanomaterials interact with the cells, and methods by which drugs are released at the site of action. This knowledge must also be allied with the knowledge of signaling crosstalk mechanisms that are modulated by the nanomaterial-drugs composite. It can be anticipated that these emerging drug delivery technologies can facilitate the world to successfully encounter such pandemic outbursts in the future in a cost-effective and time-effective manner. The chapters in this book deal with the advanced technologies and approaches that can benefit advanced students, researchers, and industry experts in developing smart and intelligent nanomaterials for future biomedical applications, and development, manufacturing, and commercialization for controlled and targeted drug delivery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 600 p. 131 illus., 122 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030842628
    Series Statement: Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84262-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-84262-8
    DDC: 616.994
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends in Environmental Sustainability and Green Energy : Proceedings of 2022 5th International Conference on Green Energy and Environment Engineering (2023)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Environment. ; Sustainability. ; Renewable energy sources. ; Environmental management. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Sustainability. ; Renewable Energy. ; Environmental Management.
    Abstract: This book consists of selected and peer-reviewed papers of 2022 5th International Conference on Green Energy and Environment Engineering (CGEEE 2022), held in Jeju Island, Korea during July 28-30, 2022. CGEEE 2022 provides a forum for researchers and practitioners in the field of green energy and environment engineering to share ideas, designs, and experiments results. Various topics are covered in this book, such as carbon capture and storage, solar energy, biomass, biofuel, geothermal, sustainable cities, energy savings for vehicular technology, solid waste management, waste minimization, water treatment and reclamation, environmental restoration, and ecological engineering. This book will be beneficial to researchers, educators, practitioners, and policymakers working in the related fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 168 p. 102 illus., 67 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031278037
    Series Statement: Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27803-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27803-7
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Planning Climate Smart and Wise Cities : A Multidisciplinary Approach (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Climatology. ; Sustainability. ; Urban ecology (Biology). ; Quantitative research. ; Climate Sciences. ; Sustainability. ; Urban Ecology. ; Data Analysis and Big Data.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Climate smart and wise cities -- Planning instruments for climate smart cites: A spatial, green and digital approach -- The role of block-chain, big data, internet of things and artificial intelligence for transformative climate-action -- Part II: Nature-based approach in cities -- Climate change and urban nature: Impacts and policies at the urban level -- Vulnerability and risk assessment of the port Moresby(Papua New Guinea) coastline: A case study -- Assessment of mangrove distribution and drivers of mangrove cover change from 2010-2020 of the national capital district(Port Moresby) Papua New Guinea -- Part III: Fostering climate action in cities -- Possible climate actions in cities -- Innovative new market mechanism from project to mitigation activities in the urban context: a new paradigm -- How can global carbon markets promote low-carbon cities in developing countries? Lessons learned from the clean development mechanism -- Climate change mitigation action enablers for climate smart cities -- Market mechanism in the building sector from an urban perspective : Creative building solutions -- New advanced GHG accounting system for cities enabled by DLT -- Appendix: A guide to carbon neutral city plan 2050: An urban integration platform modeling approach.
    Abstract: This book provides information that facilitates integrated climate actions in cities, leveraging disruptive technologies, business models, policies, financing, and leadership solutions. It fosters the development of climate smart and wise cities. It reviews the major developments of climate actions in cities and combines climate environment and energy technology, policy and financing instruments. A range of distinguished authors assess the experiences thus far and also consider future development from both theoretical and practical perspectives. They also discuss many policy and technical options, including climate smart and wise city planning, inclusion of urban nature, international and national carbon market mechanisms and measuring its impact and digital transformation. Moreover, attention is paid to the role of natural principles, the role of transparency principles and to aspects of democratic climate governance within a climate action scheme. This book makes clear that the carbon neutrality, sustainability, circularity, efficiency, connectivity and resiliency of cities depend to a large extent on the specific digital technologies and the leadership reshaping our cities. Discussing multidisciplinary aspects of climate action, this book offers new insights to academics, policymakers and practitioners both in the public and private sectors. Those insights are not only retrospective, relevant for understanding the past, but they are also prospective and forward-looking, guiding the achievements of the SDGs and the climate goals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 481 p. 168 illus., 138 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030801656
    Series Statement: The Urban Book Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80165-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80165-6
    DDC: 551.6
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Self-Assembled Water Chains : A Scanning Probe Microscopy Approach (2023)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Atomic structure  . ; Molecular structure . ; Biotechnology. ; Nanotechnology. ; Building materials. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Atomic and Molecular Structure and Properties. ; Biotechnology. ; Nanotechnology. ; Structural Materials. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Introduction -- Self-assembly, Entropy Forces, and Kelvin Equation -- Humidity Dependent Structural Phase Transitions, Layering Transitions, and Long Nucleation Times -- Long Range Condensations of Humid Air -- Large Oscillatory Forces and Self-Assembled Water Chains -- Two-phase Water and its Coil-to-Bridge Transitions -- Summary and Outlook -- Index.
    Abstract: Despite advances in the long-range electrostatic double-layer force, which depends strongly on ionic strength in water by using theoretical models such as DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek), the structure of confined water in air still remains widely unknown and has led to a variety of unexplained phenomena. This book bridges that gap by introducing a newly developed scanning probe miscroscopy (SPM) approach, which enables one to probe confined water at the molecular and atomic scale. Written by the developer of SPM, this book covers this new approach, as well as original approaches to addressing general interfacial water issues. It also introduces the cantilever-based optical interfacial force microscope (COIFM), which was invented by the author along with the methodology. The improved understanding will contribute to liquid-based nano- and bio-technologies such as lab-on-a-chip technologies, nanofluidic devices, dip-pen nanolithography, nano-oxidation, water-based granular interactions, liquid-based nanolubricants, hydration layers in biopolymers, manipulation of biomolecules, protein folding, stability of colloid suspensions, enzyme activity, swelling in clays, development of bioactive surfaces, water columns and ion channeling in membranes and scanning probe microscopy (SPM). It will also contribute to the improved performance of moving components in silicon-based micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices, where water plays a key role in interfacial interactions. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 160 p. 87 illus., 55 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031190872
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19087-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-19087-2
    DDC: 539
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Urban Geotechnical Engineering : Proceedings of the 6th GeoChina International Conference on Civil & Transportation Infrastructures: From Engineering to Smart & Green Life Cycle Solutions -- Nanchang, China, 2021 (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Engineering geology. ; Transportation engineering. ; Traffic engineering. ; Geoengineering. ; Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering.
    Description / Table of Contents: Research on Soil Characteristics and Controlling Technology of Differential Deformation of Expressway Widening Subgrade in Seasonal Frozen Region -- Developing an Efficiency Equation for Tapered Pile Groups in Sand Using Mathematical and Numerical Analyses -- Analysis of the swelling shrinkage cracks development rules of improved expansive soil based on image processing technology -- Temperature spatial and temporal distributions of pavements with various paving materials -- Used Paper Fibers for Sustainably Enhancing the MICP Stabilization of Sand -- A field study on the utilization of recycled concrete aggregate in drainage systems -- Application of Lightweight Soil as Sustainable Backfill for Railway Bridge Approach Zone -- Numerical Modeling of Grout Injection for Hybrid Bored Prestressed Concrete Cased Piles. .
    Abstract: This volume discusses a compilation of studies regarding transportation geotechnics, geomechanics, rock mechanics, and geosynthetics reinforced soils from the 6th GeoChina International Conference held in NanChang, China, July 19-21, 2021.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 113 p. 92 illus., 73 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030801526
    Series Statement: Sustainable Civil Infrastructures,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80152-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80152-6
    DDC: 624.15
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Geographies of COVID-19 : Geospatial Stories of a Global Pandemic (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Medical sciences. ; Geography. ; Quantitative research. ; Geographical Information System. ; Health Sciences. ; Regional Geography. ; Data Analysis and Big Data.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. How covid changed our daily geographies -- Chapter 2. Geography of the pandemic -- Chapter 3. Defining first- and second-order impacts through maps -- Chapter 4. Quantitative geographical approaches in COVID-19 research: A review on first- and second-order impacts -- Chapter 5. COVID-19’s impact on geospatial data: ethics and values -- Chapter 6. The City and the Pandemic - the Cities’ COVID Mitigation Mapping (C2M2) Program -- Chapter 7. Improving access to health services in Mongolia via open data during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic -- Chapter 8. The inequities in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic -- Chapter 9. The Latine community and COVID-19: nuances, experiences, and data -- Chapter 10. An overview of the impact of COVID-19 in Nepal’s international tourism industry -- Chapter 11. Data and dashboards for measuring the social impact of COVID-19 in African cities -- Chapter 12. COVID-19 and domestic violence complaints in Quito, Ecuador: temporal and spatial patterns and drivers -- Chapter 13. Mapping COVID-19: Should it be based on the incidence rate? A case study in China -- Chapter 14. Regional patterns of the pandemic: a view from Aotearoa New Zealand -- Chapter 15. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples & the COVID-19 pandemic: a spatial and place-based analysis -- Chapter 16. Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the livelihoods of male commercial Boda-Boda motorists in Uganda -- Chapter 17. Geospatial techniques for mapping the spatial trajectories of COVID-19 -- Chapter 18. Digital geographies and digital surveillance technologies: power and space in the Italian society under control for public health -- Chapter 19. Resilience amid uncertainty: COVID-19 pandemic, the urban informal sector, and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 20. Freshwater Resources and COVID-19 -- Chapter 21. Preventing pandemics: earth observations for One Health -- Chapter 22. Enabling Accelerated Research in Times of Need: The National Science Foundation’s Response to COVID-19 in 2020 -- Chapter 23. Conclusion - The consequences of COVID-19 – What’s next?.
    Abstract: This volume of case studies focuses on the geographies of COVID-19 around the world. These geographies are located in both time and space concentrating on both first- and second-order impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. First-order impacts are those associated with the immediate response to the pandemic that include tracking number of deaths and cases, testing, access to hospitals, impacts on essential workers, searching for the origins of the virus and preventive treatments such as vaccines and contact tracing. Second-order impacts are the result of actions, practices, and policies in response to the spread of the virus, with longer-term effects on food security, access to health services, loss of livelihoods, evictions, and migration. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic will be prolonged due to the onset of variants as well as setting the stage for similar future events. This volume provides a synopsis of how geography and geospatial approaches are used to understand this event and the emerging “new normal.” The volume's approach is necessarily selective due to the global reach of the pandemic and the broad sweep of second-order impacts where important issues may be left out. However, the book is envisioned as the prelude to an extended conversation about adaptation to complex circumstances using geospatial tools. Using case studies and examples of geospatial analyses, this volume adopts a geographic lens to highlight the differences and commonalities across space and time where fundamental inequities are exposed, the governmental response is varied, and outcomes remain uncertain. This moment of global collective experience starkly reveals how inequality is ubiquitous and vulnerable populations – those unable to access basic needs – are increasing. This place-based approach identifies how geospatial analyses and resulting maps depict the pandemic as it ebbs and flows across the globe. Data-driven decision making is needed as we navigate the pandemic and determine ways to address future such events to enable local and regional governments in prioritizing limited resources to mitigate the long-term consequences of COVID-19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXI, 300 p. 57 illus., 51 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031117756
    Series Statement: Global Perspectives on Health Geography,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11775-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11775-6
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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