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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (179)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (123)
  • 1975-1979  (302)
  • 1978  (302)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Distributions of mean ozone levels from the first two years of data from the NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) show spatial and temporal variations in agreement with previous measurements. The standard deviations of these distributions reflect the large natural variability of ozone levels in the altitude range of the GASP measurements. Monthly mean levels of ozone below the tropopause show an annual cycle with a spring maximum which is believed to result from transport from the stratosphere. Correlations of ozone with independent meteorological parameters, and meteorological parameters obtained by the GASP systems show that this transport occurs primarily through cyclogenesis at mid-latitudes. The GASP water vapor data, analyzed with respect to the location of the tropopause, correlates well with the simultaneously obtained ozone and cloud data.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: In: Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants; Nov 06, 1977 - Nov 11, 1977; New Orleans, LA
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In a previous paper, Moshupi et al. (1977) have reported on the occurrence of rare auroral 'patches' equatorward of the normally well-defined boundary of diffuse aurora. Some less spectacular but more common arclike features were observed in the same 'trough' region (between the plasmapause and the auroral oval) during the period 1972-1975. These 'detached' arcs show some similarities to stable auroral red arcs in terms of their location and occurrence, but are completely different spectroscopically in that the stable auroral red arcs produce almost pure atomic oxygen red line emissions, whereas the detached arcs are deficient in red line emission - a feature implying totally different production mechanisms. The characteristics of the detached lines are described, including their unusual local time/longitude dependence.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; June 1
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analytical techniques of improved sensitivity have revealed details of the concentrations and isotopic compositions of light elements for a comprehensive suite of samples from the Apollo 12 regolith. These samples show a wide spread in maturity, although maximum contents observed for solar wind elements are less than observed at other sites, possibly reflecting relative recency of craters at the Apollo 12 site. Isotopic composition of nitrogen is consistent with the idea that N-15/N-14 in the solar wind has increased with time, at least a major part of this increase having occurred in the past 3.1 Gyr. Sulfur isotope systematics support a model in which sulfur is both added to the regolith, by meteoritic influx, and lost, by an isotopically selective process. Most soils from this site are heavily contaminated with terrestrial carbon.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; 42; Apr. 197
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Thermal emission and solar resonance fluorescence from the atmospheric limb are reported. Global measurements are made of radiation from the molecular species. The gas correlation spectroscopy technique based on the use of gas cells to select emission from chosen spectral lines or from particular parts of spectral lines is used. The source function and departure from the thermodynamic equilibrium between 80 and 130 kilometers associated with CO2 emission bands were investigated. The zonal wind velocity component along the line of sight is measured.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Nimbus 7 User's Guide; p 139-174
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Infrared spectral measurements of Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn were obtained from 100 to 470 kaysers and, by taking Mars as a calibration source, brightness temperatures of Jupiter and Saturn were determined with approximately 5 kayser resolution. Internal luminosities were determined from the data and are reported to be approximately 8 times 10 to the minus tenth power of the sun's luminosity for Jupiter and approximately 3.6 times 10 to the minus tenth power of the sun's luminosity for Saturn. Comparison of data with spectra predicted by models suggests the need for an opacity source in addition to gaseous hydrogen and ammonia to help explain Jupiter's observed spectrum in the vicinity of 250 kaysers.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 35; July 197
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Major, minor and trace element analysis as well as noble gas measurements were performed on three Holbrook chondrite samples collected fresh in 1912, in 1931, and in 1968. Decreases in metallic iron and MgO and an increase in total iron were detected. Elemental concentrations of Ti, Ca, Al, P, Mn, Ni, and Cr did not change significantly during weathering. While sodium might have been lost, and K slightly enriched, the trace elements C, Rb, and Sr increased at least two-fold during weathering. Gas abundances decreased, and the concentration ratios of noble gas nuclides varied unpredictably.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics; 13; Sept. 30
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Relative concentrations of noble gases and C and N are evaluated for the terrestrial planets. Comparisons between amounts of volatile materials in carbonaceous chondrites and on Earth and Mars are presented as support for the accretion model of planetary formation. However, attention is given to the large differences in the C/noble gas ratios on various bodies in the solar system, e.g. the Sun, Venus, Earth, Mars, stressing that the data are too incomplete to provide a reliable model for the sources of volatile and noble elements on the terrestrial planets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 271; Jan. 12
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Calculations have been made to determine the effects of atmospheric drag and gravity on impact ejecta trajectories on Venus, Mars, and earth. The equations of motion were numerically integrated for a broad range of body sizes, initial velocities, and initial elevation angles. A dimensionless parameter was found from approximate analytic solutions which correlated the ejecta range, final impact angle, and final impact velocity for all three planets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 33; Mar. 197
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Copernicus Orbiting Astronomical Observatory was used to obtain measurements of Mars Lyman-alpha (1215.671-angstrom) emission at the solar minimum, which has resulted in the first information on atomic hydrogen concentrations in the upper atmosphere of Mars at the solar minimum. The Copernicus measurements, coupled with the Viking in situ measurements of the temperature (170 plus or minus 30 K) of the upper atmosphere of Mars, indicate that the atomic hydrogen number density at the exobase of Mars (250 kilometers) is about 60 times greater than that deduced from Mariner 6 and 7 Lyman-alpha measurements obtained during a period of high solar activity. The Copernicus results are consistent with Hunten's hypothesis of the diffusion-limited escape of atomic hydrogen from Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 200; June 2
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The absolute rate constant for the reaction Cl + H2CO yields HCl + HCO has been determined by the flash-photolysis-resonance fluorescence method to be + or - 0.9 (2 sigma) x 10 to the -11th power cu cm/molecule per sec at 298 K and to have a negligible temperature dependence. This rate, which at stratospheric temperatures is more than 2000 times faster than the rate of Cl + CH4 and more than a factor of 2 faster than Cl + HO2, indicates that formaldehyde (H2CO) will compete significantly with methane (CH4) and HO2 for the conversion of active chlorine in the stratosphere to the inactive reservoir HCl. Chlorine will thus be a less efficient destroyer of stratospheric ozone than previously believed. One-dimensional eddy-diffusion photochemical model calculations indicate that the eventual ozone depletion for a steady-state chlorfluoromethane release at 1975 rates (750,000 tons/year) will be lowered from 20% to 18.5% by the inclusion of this reaction.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 5; Oct. 197
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