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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-02-12
    Description: Glucose metabolism in glycolysis and in mitochondria is pivotal to glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. One or more factors derived from glycolysis other than pyruvate appear to be required for the generation of mitochondrial signals that lead to insulin secretion. The electrons of the glycolysis-derived reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) are transferred to mitochondria through the NADH shuttle system. By abolishing the NADH shuttle function, glucose-induced increases in NADH autofluorescence, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate content were reduced and glucose-induced insulin secretion was abrogated. The NADH shuttle evidently couples glycolysis with activation of mitochondrial energy metabolism to trigger insulin secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eto, K -- Tsubamoto, Y -- Terauchi, Y -- Sugiyama, T -- Kishimoto, T -- Takahashi, N -- Yamauchi, N -- Kubota, N -- Murayama, S -- Aizawa, T -- Akanuma, Y -- Aizawa, S -- Kasai, H -- Yazaki, Y -- Kadowaki, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):981-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Aminooxyacetic Acid/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Calcium/metabolism ; Citric Acid Cycle ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism/*secretion ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/*metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-01-15
    Description: Mice with a targeted gene disruption of p85alpha, a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, had impaired B cell development at the pro-B cell stage, reduced numbers of mature B cells and peritoneal CD5+ Ly-1 B cells, reduced B cell proliferative responses, and no T cell-independent antibody production. These phenotypes are nearly identical to those of Btk-/- or xid (X-linked immunodeficiency) mice. These results provide evidence that p85alpha is functionally linked to the Btk pathway in antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction and is pivotal in B cell development and functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzuki, H -- Terauchi, Y -- Fujiwara, M -- Aizawa, S -- Yazaki, Y -- Kadowaki, T -- Koyasu, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):390-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, CD5/analysis ; Antigens, Ly/analysis ; Antigens, T-Independent/immunology ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; Cell Survival ; Gene Targeting ; Genetic Linkage ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*enzymology/genetics/immunology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2010-05-28
    Description: The differential formation of excitatory (glutamate-mediated) and inhibitory (GABA-mediated) synapses is a critical step for the proper functioning of the brain. An imbalance in these synapses may lead to various neurological disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome and epilepsy. Synapses are formed through communication between the appropriate synaptic partners. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the formation of specific synaptic types are not known. Here we show that two members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, FGF22 and FGF7, promote the organization of excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic terminals, respectively, as target-derived presynaptic organizers. FGF22 and FGF7 are expressed by CA3 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. The differentiation of excitatory or inhibitory nerve terminals on dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons is specifically impaired in mutants lacking FGF22 or FGF7. These presynaptic defects are rescued by postsynaptic expression of the appropriate FGF. FGF22-deficient mice are resistant to epileptic seizures, and FGF7-deficient mice are prone to them, as expected from the alterations in excitatory/inhibitory balance. Differential effects of FGF22 and FGF7 involve both their distinct synaptic localizations and their use of different signalling pathways. These results demonstrate that specific FGFs act as target-derived presynaptic organizers and help to organize specific presynaptic terminals in the mammalian brain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4137042/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4137042/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Terauchi, Akiko -- Johnson-Venkatesh, Erin M -- Toth, Anna B -- Javed, Danish -- Sutton, Michael A -- Umemori, Hisashi -- R01 NS070005/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):783-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09041. Epub 2010 May 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20505669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epilepsy/chemically induced/genetics/physiopathology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/*physiology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/embryology/metabolism/pathology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials/*physiology ; Kindling, Neurologic ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Miniature Postsynaptic Potentials/physiology ; Presynaptic Terminals/classification/metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism ; Seizures/chemically induced/genetics/radiotherapy ; Synapses/*classification/*metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the approximately 120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875087/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875087/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merchant, Sabeeha S -- Prochnik, Simon E -- Vallon, Olivier -- Harris, Elizabeth H -- Karpowicz, Steven J -- Witman, George B -- Terry, Astrid -- Salamov, Asaf -- Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K -- Marechal-Drouard, Laurence -- Marshall, Wallace F -- Qu, Liang-Hu -- Nelson, David R -- Sanderfoot, Anton A -- Spalding, Martin H -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Ren, Qinghu -- Ferris, Patrick -- Lindquist, Erika -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lucas, Susan M -- Grimwood, Jane -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Cardol, Pierre -- Cerutti, Heriberto -- Chanfreau, Guillaume -- Chen, Chun-Long -- Cognat, Valerie -- Croft, Martin T -- Dent, Rachel -- Dutcher, Susan -- Fernandez, Emilio -- Fukuzawa, Hideya -- Gonzalez-Ballester, David -- Gonzalez-Halphen, Diego -- Hallmann, Armin -- Hanikenne, Marc -- Hippler, Michael -- Inwood, William -- Jabbari, Kamel -- Kalanon, Ming -- Kuras, Richard -- Lefebvre, Paul A -- Lemaire, Stephane D -- Lobanov, Alexey V -- Lohr, Martin -- Manuell, Andrea -- Meier, Iris -- Mets, Laurens -- Mittag, Maria -- Mittelmeier, Telsa -- Moroney, James V -- Moseley, Jeffrey -- Napoli, Carolyn -- Nedelcu, Aurora M -- Niyogi, Krishna -- Novoselov, Sergey V -- Paulsen, Ian T -- Pazour, Greg -- Purton, Saul -- Ral, Jean-Philippe -- Riano-Pachon, Diego Mauricio -- Riekhof, Wayne -- Rymarquis, Linda -- Schroda, Michael -- Stern, David -- Umen, James -- Willows, Robert -- Wilson, Nedra -- Zimmer, Sara Lana -- Allmer, Jens -- Balk, Janneke -- Bisova, Katerina -- Chen, Chong-Jian -- Elias, Marek -- Gendler, Karla -- Hauser, Charles -- Lamb, Mary Rose -- Ledford, Heidi -- Long, Joanne C -- Minagawa, Jun -- Page, M Dudley -- Pan, Junmin -- Pootakham, Wirulda -- Roje, Sanja -- Rose, Annkatrin -- Stahlberg, Eric -- Terauchi, Aimee M -- Yang, Pinfen -- Ball, Steven -- Bowler, Chris -- Dieckmann, Carol L -- Gladyshev, Vadim N -- Green, Pamela -- Jorgensen, Richard -- Mayfield, Stephen -- Mueller-Roeber, Bernd -- Rajamani, Sathish -- Sayre, Richard T -- Brokstein, Peter -- Dubchak, Inna -- Goodstein, David -- Hornick, Leila -- Huang, Y Wayne -- Jhaveri, Jinal -- Luo, Yigong -- Martinez, Diego -- Ngau, Wing Chi Abby -- Otillar, Bobby -- Poliakov, Alexander -- Porter, Aaron -- Szajkowski, Lukasz -- Werner, Gregory -- Zhou, Kemin -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- Grossman, Arthur R -- GM07185/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM42143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM032843/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042143-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060992/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062915-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM030626/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM042143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):245-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*genetics/physiology ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Algal/genetics ; Flagella/metabolism ; Genes ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Photosynthesis/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants/genetics ; Proteome ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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