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  • Articles  (17)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (17)
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  • Articles  (17)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (17)
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  • 2020-2023
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  • Geosciences  (17)
  • 1
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    Realistic implementation of ellipsoidal reflector antennas to produce near-field focused patterns (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-20
    Description: The radiation characteristics of ellipsoidal reflector antennas in the near zone of antenna aperture are investigated using Physical Optics (PO) approximations. This antenna has potential applications in the near-field communications because its radiation focuses in the near zone. Analytical formulations to predict the radiation efficiency and exhibit field phenomena are developed. Its applications as a RFID reader antenna at 2.4 GHz are demonstrated by numerical simulations and measurements over a realistic implementation of offset reflector fed by a microstrip patch antenna. Both numerical and experimental studies are performed to validate this antenna design.
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-799X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    A medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance observed from the ground and from space (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-30
    Description: We report ultraviolet optical observations from space of a Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (MSTID) made during the Combined Radio Interferometry and COSMIC Experiment in Tomography Campaign (CRICKET) held on September 15, 2007 at ∼8:30 UT. The experiment used a Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC also known as FORMOSAT-3) satellite in conjunction with the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope, located near Socorro, NM, to study the ionosphere from the global scale down to the regional scale while the TIDs propagated through it. The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 satellite measured the F region electron density both horizontally and with altitude while the VLA measured the directions and speeds of the TIDs. These observations provide new information on this poorly understood class of TID and demonstrate the possibility of studying MSTIDs using space-based optical instruments.
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  • 3
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    Multiple phase screen modeling of ionospheric scintillation along radio occultation raypaths (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-08
    Description: We present the Radio Occultation Scintillation Simulator (ROSS), which uses the multiple phase screen method (MPS) to simulate the forward scatter of radio waves by irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere during radio occultation experiments. ROSS simulates propagation through equatorial plasma bubbles which are modeled as homogeneous electron density fluctuations modulated by a Chapman profile in altitude and a Gaussian window in the magnetic east-west direction. We adjust the parameters of the density model using electron density profiles derived from the ALTAIR incoherent scatter radar (9.4°N, 167.5°E, 4.3° north dip), and space-to-ground observations of scintillation using VHF and GPS receivers that are colocated with the radar. We compare the simulated occultation scintillation to observations of scintillation from the CORISS instrument onboard the C/NOFS satellite during a radio occultation occurring near ALTAIR on 21 April 2009. The ratio of MPS predicted S4 to CORISS observed S4 throughout the F region altitudes of 240–350 km ranged between 0.86 and 1.14.
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  • 4
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    Using TEC and radio scintillation data from the CITRIS radio beacon receiver to study low and midlatitude ionospheric irregularities (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Unique data on ionospheric plasma irregularities from the Naval Research Laboratory Scintillation and TEC Receiver in Space (CITRIS) instrument is presented. CITRIS is a multiband receiver that recorded Total Electron Content (TEC) and radio scintillations from Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) on STPSat1. The 555 ± 5 km altitude 35° inclination orbit covers low and midlatitudes. The measurements require propagation from a transmitter to a receiver through the F region plasma. CITRIS used both 1) satellite beacons in LEO and 2) the French sponsored global network of ground-based Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacons. This paper is both a brief review of the CITRIS experiment and the first combined TEC and scintillation study of ionospheric irregularities using a satellite-borne beacon receiver. It primarily focuses on CITRIS/DORIS observations and is a case study of the ionospheric irregularities and associated scintillation characteristics at 401.25 MHz during the 2008 equinox solar minimum. In addition, CITRIS was operated in a complementary fashion with the Communication/Navigations Outages Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite during C/NOFS' first year of operations and comparison with measured C/NOFS irregularity characteristics are made. Several types of irregularities have been studied including Spread–F and the newly discovered dawn-side depletions.
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  • 5
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    Time domain near-field to near-field transformation using a spherical-multipole approach (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-27
    Description: The time domain electromagnetic field of an arbitrary localized radiating structure can be efficiently obtained by means of a time domain spherical-multipole expansion valid outside a minimum sphere enclosing all radiating elements. The method is based on the Fourier transform of the frequency-domain spherical-multipole expansion and on a finite expansion of the spherical Hankel function of the 2nd kind leading to a triple sum of multipoles instead of the well-known double sum in case of the frequency-domain multipole expansion. It is shown that those time domain multipole amplitudes which are relevant only in the near-field can be recursively deduced from the time domain amplitudes dominant in the far field. The latter can be obtained by a recently proposed spherical-multipole based time domain near-field to far-field algorithm which has been shown to be particularly suited for the Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method.
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  • 6
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    X-mode suppression of artificial E region field-aligned plasma density irregularities (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-24
    Description: Ionospheric modification experiments have been performed at the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program involving the creation and suppression of artificial field-aligned density irregularities (AFAIs) using O-mode and X-mode continuous wave emissions, respectively. The emission frequencies were offset so that the O-mode upper hybrid interaction height nearly matched the X-mode reflection height in the ionospheric E region. AFAIs created by O-mode heating were observed using a 30 MHz coherent scatter radar imager. Simultaneous X-mode heating was found to suppress the AFAI intensity and increase the threshold power for excitation by approximately a factor of 5 in our experiments. The effects are attributed in part to the broadening of the upper hybrid interaction region and in part to increased O-mode absorption, which reduces the amplitude of the standing wave pattern in that region. Preliminary estimates based on local calculations suggest that the electron temperature in the E region was increased by a factor of about 1.6 in these experiments.
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  • 7
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    An auroral scintillation observation using precise, collocated GPS receivers (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: On 10 January 2009, an unusual ionospheric scintillation event was observed by a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver station in Fairbanks, Alaska. The receiver station is part of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's (NGA) Monitoring Station Network (MSN). Each MSN station runs two identical geodetic-grade, dual-frequency, full-code tracking GPS receivers that share a common antenna. At the Fairbanks station, a third separate receiver with a separate antenna is located nearby. During the 10 January event, ionospheric conditions caused two of the receivers to loose lock on a single satellite. The third receiver tracked through the scintillation. The region of scintillation was collocated with an auroral arc and a slant total electron content (TEC) increase of 5.71 TECu (TECu = 1016/m2). The response of the full-code tracking receivers to the scintillation is intriguing. One of these receivers lost lock, but the other receiver did not. This fact argues that a receiver's internal state dictates its reaction to scintillation. Additionally, the scintillation only affected the L2 signal. While this causes the L1 signal to be lost on the semicodelessly receiver, the full-code tracking receiver only lost the L1 signal when the receiver attempted to reacquire the satellite link.
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  • 8
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    Correction to “X band model of Venus atmosphere permittivity” (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-27
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  • 9
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    Numerical modeling of ionospheric effects in the middle- and low-latitude F region during geomagnetic storm sequence of 9–14 September 2005 (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-27
    Description: This study presents the Global Self-Consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) numerical simulations of the 9–14 September 2005 geomagnetic storm effects in the middle- and low-latitude ionosphere. Recent modifications to the GSM TIP model include adding an empirical model of high-energy electron precipitation and introducing a high-resolution (1 min) calculation of region 2 field-aligned currents and a cross-cap potential difference. These modifications resulted in better representation of such effects as penetration of the magnetospheric convection electric field to lower latitudes and the overshielding. The model also includes simulation of solar flare effects. Comparison of model results with observational data at Millstone Hill (42.6°N, 71.5°W, USA), Arecibo (18.3°N, 66.8°W, Puerto Rico), Jicamarca (11.9°S, 76.9°W, Peru), Palmas (10.2°S, 48.2°W, Brazil), and San Jose Campos (23.2°S, 45.9°W, Brazil) shows good agreement of ionospheric disturbances caused by this storm sequence. In this paper we consider in detail the formation mechanism of the additional layers in an equatorial ionosphere during geomagnetic storms. During geomagnetic storms, the nonuniform in height zonal electric field is generated at the geomagnetic equator. This electric field forms the additional layers in the F region of equatorial ionosphere.
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  • 10
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    The application of numerical simulations in Beacon scintillation analysis and modeling (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-27
    Description: Modeling Beacon satellite scintillation data presents a number of challenges. The dominant ionospheric structure is anisotropic, and it evolves nonuniformly. Moreover, the length and the orientation of the propagation path that intercepts the structure vary continuously. Thus, even under ideal observing conditions, it is difficult to extract unambiguous driving-point conditions from single-receiver or multireceiver observations. Statistical models are invariably used to interpret scintillation measurements, but the statistical models themselves require a high degree of statistical uniformity that applies only to segments of the data. These challenges are well known, but evolving computer capabilities have provided new opportunities. Modern computer resources support high-fidelity simulations that capture the three-dimensional propagation phenomena in representative propagation environments. Because all aspects of such simulations are known or measurable, one can validate theoretical assumptions and the effectiveness of various analysis procedures. This paper reviews the theory and illustrates the numerical simulation it supports.
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