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  • Other Sources  (199)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (199)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (67)
  • ASTRONOMY  (56)
  • Aerospace Medicine  (32)
  • Geophysics  (25)
  • ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS  (19)
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  • Other Sources  (199)
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  • NASA Technical Reports  (199)
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  • 11
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    Late ophthalmological complications after total body irradiation in non-human primates (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term effects of total body irradiation (TBI) on the incidence and time course of ocular complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rhesus monkeys treated with TBI photon doses up to 8.5 Gy and proton doses up to 7.5 Gy were studied at intervals up to 25 years post-irradiation. They were compared with control groups with a similar age distribution. Cataract formation and ocular fundus lesions were scored according to a standardized protocol. Fluorescein angiography and histopathology was performed in selected animals. RESULTS: Cataract formation occurred after a latent period of 3-5 years. Significant cataract induction was observed for photon-doses of 8 and 8.5 Gy and beyond 20 years after proton irradiation. The severity of the lesions represents significant impairment of vision and would require cataract surgery if similar results occurred in human bone marrow transplant patients. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated a normal pattern of retinal vessels in 13 out of 14 animals (93%) from the irradiated group and in eight out of nine animals (89%) from the control group. No additional lesions apart from age-related degenerative changes could be demonstrated. Histological evaluation revealed no radiation-associated vasculopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation alone for doses up to 8.5 Gy of photons does not carry a potential risk for fundus pathology, whereas clinically important cataract induction should be anticipated within 5 years after photon doses of 8.0 and 8.5 Gy and proton doses in excess of 2.5 Gy.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: International journal of radiation biology (ISSN 0955-3002); Volume 75; 4; 465-72
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  • 12
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    Intergalactic and galactic clouds on the line of sight to SN 1993J in M81 seen in IUE spectra (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: High resolution IUE spectra of SN 1993J in M81 show the existence of several clouds on the line of sight. These include local galactic gas at 0 km/s, gas in M81 at -130 km/s, a cloud in the halo in of the Milky Way near -45 km/s, and an intergalactic cloud near +140 km/s. Arguments for each of these locations are given. There is little gas in M81 in front of SN 1993J and no detectable CIV at or near -130 km/s. The gas of the halo of the Milky Way shows a large amount of CIV and SiIV. The intergalactic cloud shows a large velocity width extending from +100 km/s to +200 km/s and is very prominent in the absorption lines of AlIII, SiIV, and CIV. It may be related to energetic events in the M81 group galaxies.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 280; 1; p. L15-L18
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  • 13
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    Cross-sections for the formation of negative ions by electron impact on silane (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Cross-sections and appearance potentials for the production of various negative ion species by electron impact on SiH4 have been measured. They are compared with two previous measurements which widely differ with each other. Hess' law has been applied to predict the various possible channels of dissociation.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes (ISSN 0168-1176); 107; 83-89
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  • 14
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    The pressure broadening of NO2 in the millimeter and submillimeter wave spectral region (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Pressure-broadening parameters for 19 transitions of the millimeter and submillimeter wave spectrum of NO2 have been obtained experimentally. Results for broadening by N2, O2, and He are presented and compared with earlier theoretical calculations of the N2 and O2 parameters. A discussion of the relation between theoretical calculations and experimental measurements is presented.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer (ISSN 0022-4073); 43; 365-369
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  • 15
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    Extremely low N2O concentrations in the springtime stratosphere at McMurdo Station, Antarctica (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Measurements have been made of stratospheric N2O using the Stony Brook millimeter-wave remote sensing spectrometer at McMurdo Station, and NO2 mixing ratios are found that are less than 1.5 at 20 km and less than 1.10 at 25 km compared to values measured during the Antarctic summer. The observed mixing ratios are also much less than those predicted by global-scale models of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics. As the NO2 signal remained very weak when McMurdo was at the edges of the ozone hole and showed no signs of recovering during October, it is concluded that the geographical and temporal extent of the region of low NO2 is comparable to or greater than that of the ozone hole. These results argue against theories that require springtime upwelling to explain the Antarctic ozone hole. It is suggested that the air in the Antarctic lower stratosphere during late winter and early spring has been subjected to considerable downward transport.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 332; 53-55
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  • 16
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    General comparison of ozone vertical profiles obtained by various techniques during the 1983 MAP/GLOBUS campaign (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: As part of the 1983 MAP/GLOBUS campaign, atmospheric ozone profile measurements were made using a large variety of different techniques both from balloon platforms and the ground. It is shown that, for most techniques, the measured height distributions agree to within + or - 5 percent with the exception of the remote visible absorption method. This + or - 5 percent uncertainty is of the order of the individual intersystem accuracy. It is suggested that since the differences with the visible absorption method are in magnitude rather than in form, the absorption cross-section data could be the possible cause for the discrepancy.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 35; 603-607
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  • 17
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    SAGE II aerosol extinction and scattering data from balloon-borne photography (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Earth limb radiance and extinction near sunset have been observed from a balloon-borne gondola nearly simultaneously and on air masses close to those probed by the SAGE II instrumentation on April 22, 1985. The results show the importance of accuracy of the altitude determination on the aerosol measurements. They indicate an important altitude dependence of the stratospheric aerosol granulometry in agreement with SAGE II results.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 7; 3, 19
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  • 18
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    Formation of the Antarctic ozone hole by the ClO dimer mechanism (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: New measurements of the low-altitude ClO profile, made during September 1987, are presented along with detailed observations of ozone depletion over McMurdo Station, Antarctica during the same period. The results show that both the rate and altitude range of ozone depletion can be quantitatively accounted for by a mechanism in which the ClO dimer is the important intermediary in the catalytic destruction of ozone. An alternative bromine mechanism appears capable of contributing only 5-15 percent to the ozone loss rate.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 336; 455-458
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  • 19
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    A radio optical reference frame. I - Precise radio source positions determined by Mark III VLBI - Observations from 1979 to 1988 and a tie to the FK5 (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations from 600 Mark III VLBI experiments from 1979 to 1988, resulting in 237,681 acceptable pairs of group delay and phase delay rate observations, have been used to derive positions of 182 extragalactic radio sources with typical formal standard errors less than 1 mas. The sources are distributed fairly evenly above delta = -30 deg, and 70 sources have delta greater than 0 deg. Analysis with different troposphere models, as well as internal and external comparisons, indicates that a coordinate frame defined by this set of radio sources should be reliable at the 1 mas level. The right ascension zero point of this reference frame has been aligned with the FK5 by using the optical positions of 28 extragalactic radio sources whose positions are on the FK5 system. Because of known defects in the knowledge of astronomical constants, daily nutation offsets in longitude and obliquity were determined relative to an arbitrary reference day in the set of experiments.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 99; 1284-129
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  • 20
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    Lunar lava tube radiation safety analysis (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: For many years it has been suggested that lava tubes on the Moon could provide an ideal location for a manned lunar base, by providing shelter from various natural hazards, such as cosmic radiation, meteorites, micrometeoroids, and impact crater ejecta, and also providing a natural environmental control, with a nearly constant temperature, unlike that of the lunar surface showing extreme variation in its diurnal cycle. An analysis of radiation safety issues on lunar lava tubes has been performed by considering radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and Solar Particle Events (SPE) interacting with the lunar surface, modeled as a regolith layer and rock. The chemical composition has been chosen as typical of the lunar regions where the largest number of lava tube candidates are found. Particles have been transported all through the regolith and the rock, and received particles flux and doses have been calculated. The radiation safety of lunar lava tubes environments has been demonstrated.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of radiation research (ISSN 0449-3060); Volume 43 Suppl; S41-5
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