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  • Other Sources  (28)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (28)
  • Aerospace Medicine  (11)
  • Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics  (7)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (5)
  • Computer Programming and Software  (5)
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  • Other Sources  (28)
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  • NASA Technical Reports  (28)
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Years
  • 1
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    The presence of lysylpyridinoline in the hypertrophic cartilage of newly hatched chicks (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The presence of lysylpyridinoline (LP) as a nonreducible cross-link in appreciable quantities has primarily been limited to the mineralized tissues, bone and dentin. However, the results reported here show that LP is not only present in the hypertrophic cartilage of the tibiotarsus isolated from newly hatched broiler chicks, but it is approx. 4-fold as concentrated as hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP). Bone and articular cartilage surrounding the hypertrophic cartilage do not contain measurable quantities of LP. Purified LP has a fluorescent scan similar to purified HP and literature values, confirming that we indeed were measuring LP. Also, the cartilage lesion produced by immature chondrocytes from birds with tibial dyschondroplasia had LP but the HP:LP ratio was 〉 1. Thus, the low HP:LP ratio could be a marker for hypertrophic cartilage in avians.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Biochimica et biophysica acta (ISSN 0006-3002); Volume 1157; 3; 229-32
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Cortical bone growth and maturational changes in dwarf rats induced by recombinant human growth hormone (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The growth hormone (GH)-deficient dwarf rat was used to investigate recombinant human (rh) GH-induced bone formation and to determine whether rhGH facilitates simultaneous increases in bone formation and bone maturation during rapid growth. Twenty dwarf rats, 37 days of age, were randomly assigned to dwarf plus rhGH (GH; n = 10) and dwarf plus vehicle (n = 10) groups. The GH group received 1.25 mg rhGH/kg body wt two times daily for 14 days. Biochemical, morphological, and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the femur middiaphysis. rhGH stimulated new bone growth in the GH group, as demonstrated by significant increases (P 〈 0.05) in longitudinal bone length (6%), middiaphyseal cross-sectional area (20%), and the amount of newly accreted bone collagen (28%) in the total pool of middiaphyseal bone collagen. Cortical bone density, mean hydroxyapatite crystal size, and the calcium and collagen contents (microgram/mm3) were significantly smaller in the GH group (P 〈 0.05). Our findings suggest that the processes regulating new collagen accretion, bone collagen maturation, and mean hydroxyapatite crystal size may be independently regulated during rapid growth.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: The American journal of physiology (ISSN 0002-9513); Volume 270; 1 Pt 1; E51-9
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  • 3
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    Hindlimb unloading alters ligament healing (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We investigated the hypothesis that hindlimb unloading inhibits healing in fibrous connective tissue such as ligament. Male rats were assigned to 3- and 7-wk treatment groups with three subgroups each: sham control, ambulatory healing, and hindlimb-suspended healing. Ambulatory and suspended animals underwent surgical rupture of their medial collateral ligaments, whereas sham surgeries were performed on control animals. After 3 or 7 wk, mechanical and/or morphological properties were measured in ligament, muscle, and bone. During mechanical testing, most suspended ligaments failed in the scar region, indicating the greatest impairment was to ligament and not to bone-ligament insertion. Ligament testing revealed significant reductions in maximum force, ultimate stress, elastic modulus, and low-load properties in suspended animals. In addition, femoral mineral density, femoral strength, gastrocnemius mass, and tibialis anterior mass were significantly reduced. Microscopy revealed abnormal scar formation and cell distribution in suspended ligaments with extracellular matrix discontinuities and voids between misaligned, but well-formed, collagen fiber bundles. Hence, stress levels from ambulation appear unnecessary for formation of fiber bundles yet required for collagen to form structurally competent continuous fibers. Results support our hypothesis that hindlimb unloading impairs healing of fibrous connective tissue. In addition, this study provides compelling morphological evidence explaining the altered structure-function relationship in load-deprived healing connective tissue.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (ISSN 8750-7587); Volume 94; 1; 314-24
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  • 4
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    Effect of a growth hormone treatment on bone orthotropic elasticity in dwarf rats (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A refinement of the current ultrasonic elasticity technique was used to measure the orthotropic elastic properties of rat cortical bone as well as to quantify changes in elastic properties, density, and porosity of the dwarf rat cortex after a treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). The ultrasonic elasticity technique was refined via optimized signal management of high-frequency wave propagation through cubic cortical specimens. Twenty dwarf rats (37 days old) were randomly assigned to two groups (10 rats each). The dwarf rat model (5-10% of normal GH) was given subcutaneous injections of either rhGH or saline over a 14-day treatment period. Density was measured using Archimedes technique. Porosity and other microstructural characteristics were also explored via scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. Statistical tests verified significant decreases in cortical orthotropic Young's (-26.7%) and shear (-16.7%) moduli and density (-2.42%) concomitant with an increase in porosity (+125%) after rhGH treatments to the dwarf model (p 〈 0.05). A change in material symmetry from orthotropy toward planar isotropy within the radial-circumferential plane after GH treatments was also noted. These results demonstrate some alteration in bone properties at this time interval. Structural implications of these changes throughout physiological loading regimens should be explored.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Annals of biomedical engineering (ISSN 0090-6964); Volume 25; 1; 77-85
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  • 5
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    Study of multibody aerodynamic interference at transonic Mach numbers (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 26; 553-560
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  • 6
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    Aerodynamic theory for wing with side edge passing subsonically through a gust (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An approximate solution for the unsteady loading near the square-shape tip of a wing passing through an oblique gust is obtained in closed form. The aerodynamic theory developed can be used to predict airloads felt by a helicopter blade experiencing a blade/vortex interaction for high blade tip speed and/or for small vertical blade/vortex separation. Under these conditions one can show that the blade's trailing edge has little influence on the character of the chordwise loading at all spanwise sections; thus, the chord may be allowed to extend to infinity in the downstream direction. Therefore, the model considered here is that of a quarter-infinite flat plate wing with side edge passing subsonically through an oblique gust.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; June 198
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  • 7
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    Unified aerodynamic-acoustic theory for a thin rectangular wing encountering a gust (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A linear aerodynamic-acoustic theory is developed for the prediction of the surface pressure distribution and three-dimensional acoustic far-field for a flat plate rectangular wing encountering a stationary short-wavelength oblique gust. It is suggested that for an infinite-span wing, leading- and trailing-edge responses to a short-wavelength gust are essentially independent. This idea is used to solve for the two-dimensional pressure field due to the passage of an infinite-span wing through an oblique gust. By allowing the field point to come down to the wing's surface, one finds an expression for the surface pressure distribution which agrees with that given in the two-dimensional aerodynamic theories of Amiet and Adamczyk. Spanwise Fourier superposition of two-dimensional solutions to the infinite-span wing problem is used to approximate the three-dimensional acoustic field due to the interaction of a stationary oblique gust with a flat-plate rectangular wing traveling at a subsonic speed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 18; June 198
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  • 8
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    A study of multi-body aerodynamic interference at transonic Mach numbers (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A wind tunnel experiment involving single, double, and triple combinations of mutually interfering generic, unfinned aircraft stores has been conducted. Each combination of stores was tested at Mach numbers from 0.60 to 1.20 and at angles of attack from 0 to 25 deg for the single store and from 0 to 6 deg for the double and triple store configurations. Extensive axial and circumferential pressure and flow visualization data at each store location were obtained. Euler solutions for each configuration at 0 deg incidence have been generated and compared with experimental data. This comparison indicates an Euler flow solver can yield accurate predictions of the location and magnitude of multibody interference provided an appropriate grid is used and the viscous effects associated with these configurations remain small. The data indicate multibody interference in the transonic region increases as the freestream Mach number approaches 1 from either direction, and subsides as the Mach number moves away from sonic conditions. This interference is characterized by a large, localized reduction in pressure on the inboard surfaces of the bodies which results in forces that draw the configuration closer together.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 87-0519
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  • 9
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    Interactive visualization of Earth and Space Science computations (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Computers have become essential tools for scientists simulating and observing nature. Simulations are formulated as mathematical models but are implemented as computer algorithms to simulate complex events. Observations are also analyzed and understood in terms of mathematical models, but the number of these observations usually dictates that we automate analyses with computer algorithms. In spite of their essential role, computers are also barriers to scientific understanding. Unlike hand calculations, automated computations are invisible and, because of the enormous numbers of individual operations in automated computations, the relation between an algorithm's input and output is often not intuitive. This problem is illustrated by the behavior of meteorologists responsible for forecasting weather. Even in this age of computers, many meteorologists manually plot weather observations on maps, then draw isolines of temperature, pressure, and other fields by hand (special pads of maps are printed for just this purpose). Similarly, radiologists use computers to collect medical data but are notoriously reluctant to apply image-processing algorithms to that data. To these scientists with life-and-death responsibilities, computer algorithms are black boxes that increase rather than reduce risk. The barrier between scientists and their computations can be bridged by techniques that make the internal workings of algorithms visible and that allow scientists to experiment with their computations. Here we describe two interactive systems developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) that provide these capabilities to Earth and space scientists.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: NASA-CR-200166 , NAS 1.26:200166 , (ISSN 0018-9162)
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Motion Imagery and Robotics Application (MIRA) (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Objectives include: I. Prototype a camera service leveraging the CCSDS Integrated protocol stack (MIRA/SM&C/AMS/DTN): a) CCSDS MIRA Service (New). b) Spacecraft Monitor and Control (SM&C). c) Asynchronous Messaging Service (AMS). d) Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN). II. Additional MIRA Objectives: a) Demo of Camera Control through ISS using CCSDS protocol stack (Berlin, May 2011). b) Verify that the CCSDS standards stack can provide end-to-end space camera services across ground and space environments. c) Test interoperability of various CCSDS protocol standards. d) Identify overlaps in the design and implementations of the CCSDS protocol standards. e) Identify software incompatibilities in the CCSDS stack interfaces. f) Provide redlines to the SM&C, AMS, and DTN working groups. d) Enable the CCSDS MIRA service for potential use in ISS Kibo camera commanding. e) Assist in long-term evolution of this entire group of CCSDS standards to TRL 6 or greater.
    Keywords: Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
    Type: JSC-CN-23518 , CCSDS Spring 2011; May 16, 2011 - May 20, 2011; Berlin; Germany
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