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  • Articles  (129)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (129)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (129)
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  • Articles  (129)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 4 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. In a field experiment over two years, broad beans (Vicia faba), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), leeks (Allium porrum) and red beet (Beta vulgaris var. esculenta) were grown on a sandy clay loam soil in which a range of bulk densities and penetration resistances had been established by (1) thorough loosening to 0.9 m by trenching, (2) artificially compacting with tractor wheelings or (3) leaving unloosened.Loosening the soil substantially increased, and compacting it decreased, yields of all four crops. The mean penetration resistance of the subsoil at field capacity correlated negatively with dry matter production. The relationship was broadly similar for all crops and years, showing a decrease in dry matter production of about 1 t ha-1 per 0.5 MPa increase in resistance over the range examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Native woodland restoration is a conservation priority within the UK and there is an increasing awareness that a long-term strategy is required to guide this process. A GIS-based modelling approach has been developed, which links site conditions as expressed in an integrated soil and land cover dataset with the site requirements for different woodland types. There are three important aspects to the model – the parameter weightings, the added value of the integrated dataset, and the woodland categories which are described and predicted. The initial quantitative and qualitative validation has been encouraging although more is required and planned. The results indicate that for broad strategic planning purposes, predictions of woodland potential are not improved significantly when climatic factors are incorporated. The concept that soil acts as an integrator of other environmental variables is discussed alongside the practical application of the model by a range of users.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 16 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. There is a need to develop sustainable nitrogen (N) management systems that minimize environmental losses by maximizing the use efficiency of applied fertilizers, particularly with wide-row annual crops that are often poor at utilizing N. A key approach is to match nitrogen supply with crop demand using improved methods of fertilizer application and timing. One technique is to target liquid ‘starter’ fertilizers close to the seed, or around the roots of transplants, and to omit or reduce conventional broadcast applications. This paper examines the effects of starter fertilizer combined with various rates of seedbed and/or top-dressed N on the growth and yield of bulb onion (Allium cepa L.), crisp lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), forage maize (Zea mays Bonaf.) and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Starter fertilizer improved early growth and, in combination with reduced rates of supplementary N, gave yields comparable with higher rates of base N with each crop, except sugarbeet. The use of top-dressed N was as effective as base N in supplementing starter fertilizer and had the benefit that it allowed a top-dressing requirement to be estimated accurately using a simple nitrogen balance equation. These results, taken with earlier work, show that starter fertilizers offer clear opportunities for reducing N inputs, while maintaining yield and quality of these crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 16 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Broadcast granular fertilizers are inefficient at supplying nitrogen (N) to wide-spaced row crops. Substantial nitrate residues can remain in the soil post-harvest, even when recommended fertilizer practices are followed. This paper explores the benefits of an alternative strategy based on targeting small amounts of liquid nitrogen starter fertilizer close to the seed at drilling to increase N use efficiency and reduce potential pollution. Bulb onion (Allium cepa) and crisp lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown with various rates and combinations of ammonium phosphate (AP) and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) as ‘starters’, in comparison with seedbed incorporated ammonium nitrate. AP consistently improved early growth and final yield of both crops compared to broadcast ammonium nitrate, but UAN showed no additional benefits. AP in combination with broadcast N, or injected UAN, generally increased N recovery, and produced yields of marketable quality produce matched only by much higher rates of broadcast N. A reduced N input system based on starter fertilizers is likely to be acceptable to the industry, but would rely on a method to predict how much N is required to supplement that provided by the starter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 15 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Increasing concerns for the financial and environmental impact of the use of broadcast fertilizer by the UK horticultural industry is leading to the development of alternative application techniques, which aim to reduce inputs through improved efficiency. One such technique, ‘starter’ fertilizer, was investigated with drilled and transplanted crisp lettuce (Lactuca sativa) on two fertile peaty soils. Starter fertilizers injected below the seed of the drilled crop, or as spot applications around the planting module, were tested alone and in various combinations with different rates of broadcast fertilizer. The work extended previous findings, based largely on mineral soils, and demonstrated that high yields of iceberg quality lettuce can be achieved with reduced inputs of broadcast fertilizer, and that there can be additional benefits of earlier maturity and improved quality. It is concluded that starter fertilizer can contribute to the development of environmentally beneficial farming practices whilst maintaining the productivity and competitiveness of the horticultural industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Radiocaesium fixation in soils is reported to occur on frayed edge sites of micaceous minerals. The weathering of mica in acid soils may therefore influence the Cs+ fixation process and thereby the mobility of the radiopollutant. We produced a laboratory weathering model biotite → trioctahedral vermiculite → oxidized vermiculite → hydroxy interlayered vermiculite (HIV) and quantified the Cs+ fixation of each mineral both in a fixed K+–Ca2+ background and in acid conditions. The transformation process was achieved through K depletion by Na-tetraphenylboron, oxidation with Br2 and Al-intercalation using NaOH and AlCl3. In a constant K+–Ca2+ background, vermiculite fixed 92–95% of the initial 137Cs+ contamination while biotite and HIV fixed only 18–33%. In acid conditions, the interlayer occupancy by either potassium (biotite) or hydroxy-Al groups (HIV) strongly limited Cs+ fixation to 1–4% of the initial 137Cs+ contamination. Cs+ fixation occurred on vermiculitic sites associated with micaceous wedge zones. Though both oxidized and trioctahedral vermiculites fixed similar Cs+ amounts in a constant K+–Ca2+ background (92–95%), the oxidized vermiculite retained much more radiocaesium in acid conditions (78–84% against 54–59%), because of its dioctahedral character.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In soil carbon dynamics, the role of physicochemical interactions between organic matter and minerals is not well understood nor quantified. This paper examines the interactions between soil organic matter and poorly crystalline aluminosilicates in a volcanic ash soil on La Réunion in the southern tropics. The soil examined is a profile composed of a surface soil (L-Ao-E-Bh) overlying four buried horizons (horizons 2Bw, 3Bw, 4Bw, 5Bw) that have all developed from successive tephra deposits. Non-destructive spectroscopy (XRD, FTIR and NMR of Si and Al) showed that the mineralogical composition varies from one buried horizon to another. Further, we show that buried horizons characterized by large amounts of crystalline minerals (feldspars, gibbsite) have the least capacity to store organic matter and the fastest carbon turnover. In contrast, buried horizons containing much poorly crystalline material (proto-imogolite and proto-imogolite allophane, denoted LP-ITM) store large amounts of organic matter which turns over very slowly. To understand the mechanism of interactions between LP-ITM and organic matter better, we focused on a horizon formed exclusively of LP-ITM. We demonstrate, using Δ14C and δ13C values, that even though LP-ITM is extraordinarily effective at stabilizing organic matter, C linked to LP-ITM is still in dynamic equilibrium with its environment and cycles slowly. Based on Δ14C values, we estimated the residence time of organic C as ∼ 163 000 years for the most stabilized subhorizon, a value that is comparable to that for organic carbon stabilized in Hawaiian volcanic soils. However, this calculation is likely to be biased by the presence of microcharcoal. We characterized the organo-mineral binding between organic matter and LP-ITM by 27Al NMR, and found that the organic matter is not only chelated to LP-ITM, but it may also limit the polymerization of mineral phases to a stage between proto-imogolite and proto-imogolite allophane. Our results demonstrate the important role of poorly crystalline minerals in the storage of organic C, and show that mineral and organic compounds have to be studied simultaneously to understand the dynamics of organic C in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 12 (1964), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 18 (1970), S. 709-712 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 15 (1967), S. 938-939 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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