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  • Articles  (87)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (87)
  • Geosciences  (54)
  • Geography  (35)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of cellular and immunological biosensor techniques to assess herbicide toxicity in soils (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: There is growing concern about the fate and toxicity of herbicides to non-target receptors and an increasing need to measure these analytes sensitively. The responses of cellular and immunological biosensors to four commonly used herbicides (atrazine, diuron, mecoprop and paraquat) were investigated. In combination, these sensors assess toxicity and quantify concentrations of herbicides present in extracts from soil. The bioluminescence response of the lux-marked bacterial biosensor Escherichia coli HB101 was determined in aqueous extracts from soil to indicate toxicity. Smaller concentrations caused a toxic response for all four herbicides recovered from the Insch series than for those recovered from spiked water samples, but this was not a result of biodegradation of herbicides in the soil. This suggests that intrinsic soil factors may be altering the bioavailable fraction of herbicides, making them more toxic than equivalent concentrations in water.Herbicide concentrations were determined using immunological biosensors consisting of stabilized recombinant single chain antibodies (stAbs) specific for the four different groups of herbicides. These stAb fragments retain functionality in organic solvents such as methanol commonly used in soil extraction. Anti-atrazine, mecoprop, diuron and paraquat stAbs were successfully used to identify and quantify herbicides present in aqueous and methanol extracts from soil. The amounts recovered from immunoassay analysis were compared with chemical analysis using high performance liquid chromatography, and the two methods correlated. These stAb fragments might provide a more rapid and sensitive means of quantifying trace amounts of herbicides and their metabolites in aqueous and methanol extracts from soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00421.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow and Containment of Injected Wastes (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 6 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Proper design, construction, testing and maintenance of Class 1 (hazardous waste) injection wells can guarantee that all waste is delivered to the injection zone. To assess the effects of waste injection, analytical models were developed which predict waste movement and pressure increases within the injection zone, and describe upward permeation through confining layers.A basic plume model was used to track waste from several injection wells with varied injection history at DuPont's Victoria Texas site. To determine the maxi-mum distance that any portion of the waste might travel, special purpose models were employed to account for (1) density differences between the waste and the native formation brine, and (2) layered permeability variation within the injection zone. The results were generalized to a “multiplying factor concept,” which facilitates development of a worst-case scenario.A pressure distribution model based on the Theis (1935) equation for radial flow was applied to the Victoria site, with modifications to account for multiple wells, injection history and geological complexities.Permeation into an intact confining layer was investigated by a new technique based on the Hantush and Jacob (1955) “leaky aquifer” theory. The model defines the maximum permeation distance, taking into account post-injection pressure decay.Defects within confining layers, such as faults, fractures and abandoned wells, have been considered. Studies to evaluate their detailed characteristics are continuing. Initial results indicate that faults and fractures are not likely to provide conductive pathways in Gulf Coast settings, and site-specific evaluations are required to assess the impact of abandoned wells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1986.tb00946.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HERBICIDES AND TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Most herbicides applied to crops are adsorbed by plants or transformed (degraded) in the soil, but small fractions are lost from fields and either move to streams in overland runoff, near surface flow, or subsurface drains, or they infiltrate slowly to ground water. Herbicide transformation products (TPs) can be more or less mobile and more or less toxic in the environment than their source herbicides. To obtain information on the concentrations of selected herbicides and TPs in surface waters of the Midwestern United States, 151 water samples were collected from 71 streams and five reservoir outflows in 1998. These samples were analyzed for 13 herbicides and 10 herbicide TPs. Herbicide TPs were found to occur as frequently or more frequently than source herbicides and at concentrations that were often larger than their source herbicides. Most samples contained a mixture of more than 10 different herbicides or TPs. The ratios of TPs to herbicide concentrations can be used to determine the source of herbicides in streams. Results of a two-component mixing model suggest that on average 90 percent or more of the herbicide mass in Midwestern streams during early summer runoff events originates from the runoff and 10 percent or less comes from increased ground water discharge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04402.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY AND RADICAL-LIBERAL DIALOGUE (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 8 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1976.tb00704.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creating Spaces of Resistance: Development NGOs and their Clients in Ghana, India and Mexico (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Antipode 36 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Development NGOs have been accused by some of being new instruments of control, domesticated by the neoliberal project. For others, they elaborate and pursue alternative dreams. In this paper, we argue that, although the majority of NGOs have been co-opted to serve hegemonic development agendas, they nevertheless present a fluid, contradictory web of relations, within which a significant minority seeks to make spaces of resistance, and where even the most neoliberal NGOs are used by some clients to create new associational spaces. Drawing on work with NGOs in Ghana, India, Mexico and Europe, we explore various strategies deployed by this minority of “independent thinking NGOs”. We argue that there is an important production of Melucci's submerged networks or latent social movements, however limited their political impact to date.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2004.00459.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local Labour Markets and the Reconfiguration of the Sugar Industry in Northeast Brazil (2001)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Antipode 33 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper focuses on a set of debates surrounding the working of local labour markets in the depressed sugarcane sector of Pernambuco, which faces strong competition from the Centre-South of Brazil. Millowner, planter, labour and union perspectives on current problems in the sugar industry and their solution are reviewed, with particular reference to issues of low productivity, access to land and the potential for diversification out of sugar. Historical antagonisms between (white) landowner classes and (black) labour, and their reworking in recent years, complicated by competing economic rationalities between these groups, make progress towards viable, sustainable socioeconomic improvement difficult. Employer attempts at reconfiguration of the labour market by relocating sites of labour reproduction (thereby breaking old social attachments) while retaining control over labour at sites of production bring continued conflict with the unions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00219
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Evaluation of Sources of Nitrogen as Causes of Ground-Water Contamination in Nassau County, Long Island (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 18 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: An evaluation of sources of nitrogen in an urban area indicates that it may be difficult to distinguish effects on the quality of underlying ground water. In Nassau County two principal sources of nitrogen are human waste water and fertilized turf. The effects of these sources, combined with other sources such as domestic animals and precipitation, are such that management of one source, i.e. the removal of waste water via sewers, may be less effective than expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03656.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sedimentology of an ancient erg margin: the Lower Jurassic Aztec Sandstone, southern Nevada and southern California (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Lower Jurassic Aztec Sandstone is an aeolian-deposited quartzose sandstone that represents the western margin of the southerly-migrating Navajo-Nugget sand sea (or erg). Vertical and lateral facies relations suggest that the erg margin encroached upon volcanic highlands, alluvial fan, wadi and sabkha environments.In southern Nevada, 700 m thick facies successions record the arrival of the Aztec sand sea. Initial erg sedimentation in the Valley of Fire consists of lenticular or tongue-shaped aeolian sand bodies interstratified with fluvially-deposited coarse sandstone and mudstone. Above, evaporite-rich fine sandstone and mudstone are overlain by thick, cross-stratified aeolian sandstone that shows an upsection increase in set thickness. The lithofacies succession represents aeolian sand sheets and small dunes that migrated over a siliciclastic sabkha traversed by ephemeral wadis. These deposits were ultimately buried by large dunes and draas of the erg. In the Spring Mountains, a similar facies succession also contains thin, lenticular volcaniclastic conglomerate and sandstone. These sediments represent the distal margin of an alluvial fan complex sourced from the west.Thin aeolian sequences are interbedded with volcanic flow rocks, ash-flow tuffs, debris flows, and fluvial deposits in the Mojave Desert of southern California. These aeolian strata represent erg migration up the eastern flanks of a magmatic arc. The westward diminution of aeolian-deposited units may reflect incomplete erg migration, thin accumulation of aeolian sediment succeptible to erosion, and stratigraphic dilution by arc-derived sediment.A two-part division of the Aztec erg is suggested by lithofacies associations, the size and geometry of aeolian cross-strata, and sediment dispersal data. The leading or downwind margin of the erg, here termed the fore-erg, is represented by a 10–100 m thick succession of isolated pods, lenses, and tongues of aeolian-deposited sediment encased in fluvial and sabkha deposits. Continued sand-sea migration brought large dunes and draas of the erg interior into the study area; these 150–500 m thick central-erg sediments buried the fore-erg deposits. The trailing, upwind margin of the erg is represented by back-erg deposits in northern Utah and Wyoming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1987.tb00793.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone effects on wheat in relation to CO2: modelling short-term and long-term responses of leaf photosynthesis and leaf duration (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: A combined stomatal–photosynthesis model was extended to simulate the effects of ozone exposure on leaf photosynthesis and leaf duration in relation to CO2. We assume that ozone has a short-term and a long-term effect on the Rubisco-limited rate of photosynthesis, Ac. Elevated CO2 counteracts ozone damage via stomatal closure. Ozone is detoxified at uptake rates below a threshold value above which Ac decreases linearly with the rate of ozone uptake. Reduction in Ac is transient and depends on leaf age. Leaf duration decreases depending on accumulated ozone uptake. This approach is introduced into the mechanistic crop simulation model AFRCWHEAT2. The derived model, AFRCWHEAT2-O3, is used to test the capability of these assumptions to explain responses at the plant and crop level.Simulations of short-term and long-term responses of leaf photosynthesis, leaf duration and plant and crop growth to ozone exposure in response to CO2 are analysed and compared with experimental data derived from the literature. The model successfully reproduced published responses of leaf photosynthesis, leaf duration, radiation use efficiency and final biomass of wheat to elevated ozone and CO2. However, simulations were unsatisfactory for cumulative radiation interception which had some impact on the accuracy of predictions of final biomass. There were responses of leaf-area index to CO2 and ozone as a result of effects on tillering which were not accounted for in the present model. We suggest that some model assumptions need to be tested, or analysed further to improve the mechanistic understanding of the combined effects of changes in ozone and CO2 concentrations on leaf photosynthesis and senescence. We conclude that research is particularly needed to improve the understanding of leaf-area dynamics in response to ozone exposure and elevated CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00351.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USING UNCENSORED TRACE-LEVEL MEASUREMENTS TO DETECT TRENDS IN GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Environmental decision making involving trace-levels of contaminants can be complicated by censoring, the practice of reporting concentrations either as less than the limit of detection (LOD) or as not detected (ND) when a test result is less than the LOD. Censoring can result in data series that are difficult to meaningfully summarize, graph, and analyze through traditional statistical methods. In spite of the relatively large measurement errors associated with test results below the LOD, simple and meaningful analyses can be carried out that provide valuable information not available if data are censored. For example, an indication of increasing levels of contamination at the fringe of a plume can act as an early warning signal to trigger further study, an increased sampling frequency, or a higher level of remediation at the source. This paper involves the application of nonparametric trend analyses to uncensored trace-level groundwater monitoring data collected between March 1991 and August 1994 on dissolved arsenic and chromium for seven wells at an industrial site in New York.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03477.x
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