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  • Articles  (50)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (50)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (30)
  • Electron microscopy  (10)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 660-667 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A technique was developed to surface immobilize plant cells and was scaled up in laboratory size bioreactors. This technique was shown not to hinder the biosynthetic potential of Catharanthus roseus immobilized cells and to induce a partial release (300 μg/L) of serpentine into the culture medium contrary to suspension cultured cells. The release pattern seemed to follow the biosynthesis trends of the product. This release mechanism could be stimulated by a factor of 10 within 2 h by increasing the pH of the culture from 5.0 to 5.5.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel technique has been developed to immobilize plant cells. The cells are deposited on a surface of manmade fibrous material that provides for strong binding of the plant tissue biomass growing in the submerged culture. The immobilized plant cells remain fully viable. Relatively uniform biomass loadings of up to 20 mg d.w. plant cells/cm2 support material have been attained. All plant cells from the inoculum suspension became attached within the first 24-48 h depending on the support matrix configuration and hydraulic culture conditions. The advantages and scale-up potential of this technique are discussed and compared to other culturing modes.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 702-711 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The scaleup of the technique of plant cell surface immobilization was performed successfully in specifically designed laboratory size bioreactors. The immobilizing matrix was formed into a vertically wound spiral providing for a high immobilizing area-to-volume ratio (0.8-1.2 cm-1). A modified airlift and a mechanically stirred vessel delivered a best bioreactor performance characterized by low biomass frothing and highly efficient plant cell attachment and retention (≥96%). The growth of Catharanthus roseus cells investigated in these bioreactors was found not to be mass transfer limited. It required mild mixing and aeration levels (kLa ∼ 10-15 h-1). The biomass formation pattern of surface immobilized plant cells generally exhibited a linear growth phase followed by a stationary phase characterized by the presence of residual carbohydrates in the medium, contrary to suspension cultures. This behavior was found to depend on the plant cell type and/or line cultured, as well as on the inoculum age. The space restriction and unidirectional growth of the SIPC biofilm combined with the limited availability of essential intracellular nutrients rapidly accumulated from the medium by the stationary phase inoculated plant cells all likely contributed to the culture behavior.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 421-434 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Giant mitochondria ; Transitional epithelium ; Urinary bladder (mole) ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Harnblasenepithel des Maulwurfs wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Bei bestimmten Tieren finden sich in den Intermediärzellen „matrixreiche“ Riesenmitochondrien. Diese Riesenmitochondrien scheinen aus normalen Mitochondrien hervorzugehen und enthalten verschieden geformte Einschlüsse. Andere Organe und Zellen bei Maulwürfen mit Riesenmitochondrien in den Intermediärzellen des Harnblasenepithels weisen normale Mitochondrien auf. Es handelt sich demnach hier um eine sog. „Mitochondriose der Intermediärzellen“. Bedeutung, Bildung und Abbau der Riesenmitochondrien werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Giant mitochondria containing an enormous matrix volume were found in the intermediary cells of the urinary bladder transitional epithelium of the mole. Regularly shaped mitochondria develop club-like protrusions forming giant mitochondria that contain several types of inclusions. Various other tissues were examined, but we could state that giant mitochondria exist only in the intermediary cells of the urinary bladder epithelium. Thus a peculiar “intermediary cell mitochondriosis” is described in this paper, not regularly occurring in the mole. The functional significance of the giant mitochondria is discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 457-469 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Rat ; Adrenalectomy ; Renin and secretory granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion des juxtaglomerulären Apparates auf Adrenalektomie wurde untersucht. Im Stadium der Nebenniereninsuffizienz, sechs Tage nach der Operation, wurde quantitativ morphometrisch eine Abnahme der Volumendichte der Sekretgranula (von 32% auf 16%) festgestellt. Golgi-Apparat und Ergastoplasma proliferieren stark, wobei insbesondere die erweiterten Cisternen des Ergastoplasmas auffallen.
    Notes: Summary The response of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus to bilateral adrenalectomy was studied in rats. After the sixth postoperative day, symptoms of severe adrenal insufficiency had developed. In the Juxtaglomerular cells, the volume density of the secretory granules decreased from 32% to 16%. The Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum underwent considerable proliferation, the latter showing strikingly enlarged cisternae.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 433-456 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Rat) ; Development ; Renin ; Pools ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die perinatale Entwicklung des juxtaglomerulären Apparates, insbesondere das Verhalten der epitheloiden Zellen wurde an 18 trächtigen Ratten and 65 Embryonen bzw. Jungtieren elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Parallel dazu wurde die Reninkonzentration bzw. der Reningehalt bestimmt. Spezifische Sekretgranula finden sich erstmals am 18. Tag der Fetalzeit, und zwar in den epitheloiden Zellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates juxtamedullärer Nephrone. Die Granula machen einen Struktur- und wahrscheinlich auch Funktionswandel durch, der eine Einteilung in drei verschiedene Granulatypen nahelegt. Diesen drei Typen spezifischer (reninhaltiger) Sekretgranula werden die Lysosomen als unspezifische Einschlüsse der epitheloiden Zellen gegenübergestellt. Im einzelnen kommt es während der perinatalen Phase in den fetalen Epitheloidzellen zuerst, d.h. pränatal, zu einer Hypertrophie des rauhwandigen endoplasmatischen Retikulums und des Golgi-Apparates. Hierin sehen die Autoren einen Hinweis auf eine erhöhte Proteinsynthese mit entsprechender Zunahme der Transport- und Konzentrationsvorgänge. Nach der Geburt findet sich dann auch eine deutliche Zunahme der Sekretgranula vom Typ III, die als reife Reningranula (mature granules) angesehen werden. Die bisher noch nicht beschriebenen kleinen Sekretgranula vom Typ I dagegen kommen in weniger entwickelten Epitheloidzellen häufiger vor. Bestimmungen der Reninverteilung zwischen Zytoplasma und den durch Differential-zentrifugation gewonnenen Granula-Fraktionen ergeben auffallende Parallelen zu den morphologischen Befunden. Diese sprechen im allgemeinen dafür, daß “freies Renin” im Ergasto-plasma und “gebundenes Renin” in den Sekretgranula vorliegt. Mit zunehmendem Alter scheint es außerdem — parallel zur relativen Abnahme des Ergastoplasmas und Zunahme der reifen Reningranula — zu einer Verminderung des extragranulären zugunsten des granulär gebundenen Renins zu kommen.
    Notes: Summary The perinatal development of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), with particular reference to the epithelioid cells, was studied. Electron microscopic studies were carried out on 18 gravid rats and 65 embryos with corresponding determinations of renin concentration and the renin contents by bio-assay. Specific secretory granules of the epithelioid cells of the JGA of juxtamedullary nephrons are first observed on the 18th day of gestation. The classification into three types of secretory granules suggests that they undergo a structural and probably also a functional transformation. All three types of secretory granule may be regarded as specific, renin-containing, cytoplasmic organelles. During the last days of gestation, the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus become hypertrophied in epithelioid cells, indicating an increased protein synthesis as well as transport and concentration processes. After birth, there is a definite increase in the number of Type III secretory granules-which may be regarded as mature granules. The small Type I secretory granulesnot previously described-are found more frequently in the immature epithelioid cells. Determinations of the renin distribution in the plasma and in fractions of cytoplasmic constituents (total homogenate, secretory granules) prepared by differential centrifugation showed striking congruence with the morphological findings. It is generally assumed that “soluble renin” occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and “bound renin” in secretory granules. A shift from extragranular to granular (bound) renin, occurs with increasing age, having its morphological equivalent in the relative decrease of the endoplasmic reticulum and increase in mature secretory granules.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 83-90 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Tupaia ; Somatostatin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Somatostatinergic nerves in the spinal cord of the monkey were investigated utilizing immunohistochemistry with various antibodies against synthetic somatostatin. In contrast to earlier investigations, it is shown that somatostatinergic nerve endings occur in most of the areas of the grey matter of the spinal cord. The somatostatinergic axons are, however, characteristically distributed in three main regions: (1) Densely-packed endings are seen in lamina II of the substantia gelatinosa, forming a crescent-shaped pattern in the columna dorsalis. Somatostatin immunoreactivity is also seen in lamina I and in the Lissauer tract. (2) A fine network of fibers is observed around the central canal; the endings are concentrated on special cell bodies. Some single perikarya are also stained in this region. (3) A loose network of single fibers is found ending on perikarya of the columna lateralis or ventralis. The perikarya of the nerve axons, with the exception of those terminating in the columna dorsalis, have as yet not been identified. In order to better understand the somatostatinergic system of the spinal cord, these newly-detected somatostatinergic nerves must be studied and their exact pathways analyzed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 291-305 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Tupaia ; Gap junctions ; Renin ; Freeze-fracturing ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vascular pole of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in Tupaia belangeri was studied with special reference to the intercellular contacts of the periendothelial cells and the endothelium of the vas afferens. The periendothelial cells of the vascular pole of the glomerulum are connected by numerous gap junctions; and the granulated epithelial cells are suggested to form a functional unit. Probably there is a continuity of this system troughout the entire vascular pole including (1) all granulated cells, (2) all lacis cells, (3) the mesangium cells and (4) the adjacent smooth muscle cells of the vas afferens and vas efferens. Analysis of the endothelial junctions shows a zonular arrangement of tight junctions indicating a rather tight blood-tissue barrier next to the glomerular vascular pole. The ultrastructure of the different cell types of the vas afferens is also described, emphasizing the granulated epithelial cells and their innervation.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 141-148 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Giant axon ; Nerve cord ; Electron microscopy ; Polychaeta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural observations of the giant axon of Myxicola infundibulum reveal that the axoplasm contains neurofilaments, a few neurotubules and mitochondria. Finger-like projections issuing from the glial cells of the sheath encircle the giant axon at various angles. The space between the axolemma and sheath is 125 Å. Branches of the giant axon are also surrounded by a glial sheath as they course through the neuropil. Some branches of the giant axon seem to fuse with certain neurons, creating a syncytial arrangement between the giant axon and these neurons. Many small nerve fibers course longitudinally in the neuropil of the nerve cord. Most of these axons are separated from each other by a space of 200 Å without intervening glial processes. Synapses in the neuropil have both clear 600 Å vesicles and larger dense core vesicles suggesting chemical transmission. Some, but not all, of the synaptic areas show thickened membranes and dense material in the synaptic cleft.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 471-480 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Rat ; Influence of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometric analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die quantitativ-morphologische Analyse des juxtaglomerulären Apparates nach DOC-Behandlung zeigte, daß mit der Hemmung der Reninbildung eine Hypoplasie der epitheloiden Zellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates einhergeht. Der Granulagehalt der juxtaglomerulären Zellen nahm ab; die Kern-Plasma-Relation änderte sich und die Leiomyofibrillen in den Epitheloidzellen nahmen zu. An den übrigen Anteilen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates, insbesondere der Macula densa, wurden keine morphologischen Veränderungen beobachtet. Die DOC-Behandlung führte darüber hinaus zu einer Bildung von Einschlüssen in den Podocyten, den Mesangiumzellen und den Zellen der Bowman-Membran. Die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten, über welche Faktoren die juxtaglomerulären Zellen nach DOC-Behandlung degranuliert werden, werden diskutiert. Das ultrastrukturelle Bild der Epitheloidzellen nach DOC-Behandlung entspricht deutlich einer gehemmten Sekretion, da das Ergastoplasma und der Golgi-Apparat ganz besonders stark zurückgebildet werden.
    Notes: Summary Quantitative morphological analysis of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus of rats treated with deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and salt revealed hypoplasia of the epithelioid cells as a concomitant of the inhibition of renin synthesis. The granular content of the Juxtaglomerular cells was significantly decreased, while the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio and the volume density of leiomyofilaments in the epithelioid cells increased. No morphological alterations were observed in the remaining constituents of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus, including the macula densa. DOC-treatment also induced the appearance of inclusions in the podocytes in the cells of the mesangium, and in the cells of Bowman's capsule. The possible mechanisms of degranulation of the Juxtaglomerular cells after treatment with DOC are discussed. The ultrastructural appearance of the epithelioid cells after treatment with DOC corresponds to an inhibition of secretion, since the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus undergo marked regressive changes.
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