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  • Articles  (313)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (313)
  • Springer  (309)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (4)
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • Articles  (313)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferon induction of (2′–5′) oligoisoadenylate synthetase in diploid and trisomy 21 human fibroblasts: Relation to dosage of the interferon receptor gene (IRFC) (1983)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 65 (1983), S. 108-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Trisomy 21 human fibroblasts are more sensitive to human interferon-α (IFN-α) than are diploid controls, consistent with the location of the gene (IFRC) which codes for the IFN-α receptor on chromosome 21. When compared in the antiviral assay, the difference in sensitivity is five-to tenfold, much greater then the 50% difference in IFRC gene dosage. An understanding of the mechanism by which this amplification of gene dosage occurs is relevant to the specific pathology of Down's syndrome and as a model system for studying the pathogenic effects of chromosomal aneuploidy. The enzyme (2′–5′) oligoisoadenylate synthetase (2–5A synthetase), which is believed to be central to the interferon-induced antiviral response, is induced 50% more in trisomy 21 fibroblasts than in diploid controls. Thus the amplification in response occurs subsequent to the binding of IFN-α to its receptor and the triggering of the first set of intracellular events, the latter exemplified by the induction of 2–5A synthetase. Similar results were obtained with IFN-γ, consistent with other evidence which indicates that a gene coding for a separate IFN-γ receptor is also located on chromosome 21.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286644
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ouabain binding in rectal gland ofSqualus acanthias (1983)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 75 (1983), S. 105-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: shark rectal gland ; ouabain binding ; (Na, K)-ATPase ; cyclic AMP ; slices ; isolated cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to examine the mechanisms of activation of (Na, K)-ATPase when epithelial transport is stimulated, the binding of ouabain to rectal gland tissue was measured before and after stimulation with dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline. Stimulation significantly altered the characteristics of ouabain binding to slices ofSqualus acanthias rectal gland and to isolated rectal gland cells, accelerating the rate of binding and increasing the amount of ouabain bound at equilibrium when low concentrations of ouabain (10−9 to 10−7 m) were present in the medium. Scatchard plots of ouabain binding were nonlinear, suggesting at least two classes of binding sites, one of higher and one of lower affinity. Stimulation with cAMP and theophylline appeared to increase the affinity of the high-affinity site. Ouabain binding was increased by cAMP and theophylline even in the presence of furosemide (10−4 m) or bumetanide (10−5 m), and when Li+ was substituted for Na+, or NO 3 − for Cl−-maneuvers known to inhibit rectal gland secretion. The changes in ouabain binding induced by cAMP and theophylline do not appear, therefore, to be secondary to secretory activity but may reflect a change in the configuration, environment or location of existing enzyme so as to enhance its activity. Stimulation of ouabain binding cannot be demonstrated in whole homogenates of rectal gland, indicating that intact cells are necessary for the cyclic AMP-induced increase in ouabain binding to become manifest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995630
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    End-expiratory carbon dioxide measurement as an estimate of alveolar carbon dioxide tension (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 2 (1986), S. 142-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637683
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic AMP stimulates ouabain-insensitive ion movement in shark rectal gland (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 154 (1984), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When the active sodium-potassium pump (Na−K-ATPase) of shark rectal glands is blocked by ouabain, the concentration of intracellular ions changes in the direction of equilibrium with extracellular fluid. These changes were examined when isolated perfused glands were in the basal state and also when they were stimulated to secrete with cAMP and theophylline, to see whether stimulation affected the passive movement of sodium, potassium and chloride across cell membranes. In basal glands 10−4M ouabain induced an increase of 30 meq/l in intracellular [Na+] and a decrease in intracellular [K+] of about 50 meq/l after 30 min, while intracellular [Cl−] was unchanged. In stimulated glands, these movements were exaggerated. The increase in intracellular [Na+] averaged 112 meq/l, and the decrease in intracellular [K+], 96 meq/l (P〈0.01), while mean intracellular [Cl−] rose by 80 meq/l. Furosemide, 10−4M, partially reversed the accelerated changes in intracellular electrolytes seen after ouabain was added to stimulated glands. These results are consistent with an action of cAMP upon a ouabaininsensitive cotransport of sodium, potassium and chloride in the rectal gland, analogous to that described in avian erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684137
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic rezeroing of drifting physiologic signals (1980)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 18 (1980), S. 746-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Autozeroing ; Barometric method ; Electronic circuit ; Instrumentation ; Plethysmography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An electronic circuit is described which automatically rezeroes a physiologic signal whenever it reaches the limit of a display. This modified signal can be used for polygraph monitoring while the raw signal is processed by a wide-range high-resolution a.d. convertor. The device is currently used in conjunction with the barometric method for measuring tidal volume, but should find general use in plethysmography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441900
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqueous silicate complexes in wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The chemical speciation of silicon in xylem exudate from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was examined by 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Wheat plants were grown to maturity in silicon-free nutrient medium, and then transferred to a solution containing 0.02 mm29Si-enriched silicic acid. After 30 min the shoots were excised and xylem exudate was collected. Within 10 min the Si concentration of the xylem exudate reached values greatly in excess of that of the starting nutrient solution, eventually reaching levels as high as 8 mm. Silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated the existence of only two Si-containing species in the xylem exudate, mono and disilicic acid (H4SiO4o and (HO)3Si(µ-O)Si(OH)3o) in a ratio of approximately 7 : 1. Significantly, there was no evidence of organosilicate complexes. Nevertheless, the efficiency by which the plant concentrates aqueous silicon indicates active mechanisms of silicon transport across root cell membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2003.01124.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detecting changes in arctic tundra plant communities in response to warming over decadal time scales (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Detecting the response of vegetation to climate forcing as distinct from spatial and temporal variability may be difficult, if not impossible, over the typical duration of most field studies. We analyzed the spatial and interannual variability of plant functional type biomass from field studies in low arctic tussock tundra and compared these to climate change simulations of plant community composition using a dynamic tundra vegetation model (ArcVeg). Spatial heterogeneity of peak season live aboveground biomass was estimated using field samples taken from low arctic tundra at Ivotuk, Alaska (68.5°N, 155.7°W) in 1999. Coefficients of variation for live aboveground biomass at the 1 m2 scale ranged from 14.6% for deciduous shrubs, 18.5% for graminoids and 25.3% for mosses to over 57% for forbs and lichens. Spatial heterogeneity in the ArcVeg dynamic vegetation model was simulated to be greater than the field data, ranging from 37.1% for deciduous shrubs to 107.9% for forbs. Disturbances in the model, such as caribou grazing and freezing–thawing of soil, as well as demographic stochasticity, led to the greater variability in the simulated results. Temporal variances of aboveground live biomass over a 19-year period using data from Toolik Lake, AK fell within the range of field and simulation spatial variances. However, simulations using ArcVeg suggest that temporal variability can be substantially less than site-scale spatial variability. Field data coupled with ArcVeg simulations of climate change scenarios indicate that some changes in plant community composition may be detectable within two decades following the onset of warming, and shrubs and mosses might be the key indicators of community change. Model simulations also project increasing landscape scale spatial heterogeneity (particularly of shrubs) with increasing temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00810.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen cycling in the soil–plant system along a precipitation gradient in the Kalahari sands (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Nitrogen (N) cycling was analyzed in the Kalahari region of southern Africa, where a strong precipitation gradient (from 978 to 230 mm mean annual precipitation) is the main variable affecting vegetation. The region is underlain by a homogeneous soil substrate, the Kalahari sands, and provides the opportunity to analyze climate effects on nutrient cycling. Soil and plant N pools, 15N natural abundance (δ15N), and soil NO emissions were measured to indicate patterns of N cycling along a precipitation gradient. The importance of biogenic N2 fixation associated with vascular plants was estimated with foliar δ15N and the basal area of leguminous plants. Soil and plant N was more 15N enriched in arid than in humid areas, and the relation was steeper in samples collected during wet than during dry years. This indicates a strong effect of annual precipitation variability on N cycling. Soil organic carbon and C/N decreased with aridity, and soil N was influenced by plant functional types. Biogenic N2 fixation associated with vascular plants was more important in humid areas. Nitrogen fixation associated with trees and shrubs was almost absent in arid areas, even though Mimosoideae species dominate. Soil NO emissions increased with temperature and moisture and were therefore estimated to be lower in drier areas. The isotopic pattern observed in the Kalahari (15N enrichment with aridity) agrees with the lower soil organic matter, soil C/N, and N2 fixation found in arid areas. However, the estimated NO emissions would cause an opposite pattern in δ15N, suggesting that other processes, such as internal recycling and ammonia volatilization, may also affect isotopic signatures. This study indicates that spatial, and mainly temporal, variability of precipitation play a key role on N cycling and isotopic signatures in the soil–plant system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2003.00698.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Escherichia coli baby cell column: a novel cell synchronization method provides new insight into the bacterial cell cycle (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 57 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe a new method for synchronizing bacterial cells. Cells that have transiently expressed an inducible mutant ‘sticky’ flagellin are adhered to a volume of glass beads suspended in a chromatography column though which growth medium is pumped. Following repression of flagellin synthesis, newborn cells are eluted from the column in large quantities exceeding that of current baby machine techniques by approximately 10-fold. Eluted cultures of ‘baby cells’ are highly synchronous as determined by analysis of DNA replication, cell division and other events, over time after elution from the column. We also show that use of ‘minutes after elution’ as a time metric permits much greater temporal resolution among sequential chromosomal events than the commonly used metric of cell size (length). The former approach reveals the existence of transient intermediate stages that are missed by the latter approach. This finding has two important implications. First, at a practical level, the baby cell column is a particularly powerful method for temporal analysis. Second, at a conceptual level, replication-related events are more tightly linked to cell birth (i.e. cell division) than to absolute cell mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04693.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Law and the GPS Industry (2000)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 3 (2000), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The law affects the Global Positioning System (GPS) industry both on a macro and on a micro level. On a macro level, issues such as future regulation of telematics, frequency spectrum allocation, and international agreements will shape the future of the industry. On a micro level, GPS companies can benefit from knowledge of legal pitfalls common in the high technology arena. Many thanks to Ingrid Lagarrigue, a French aviation and space lawyer specializing in Global Navigation Satellite legal issues, for her assistance and comments. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012817
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