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  • Articles  (82)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (82)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (60)
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  • Blackwell Science Pty  (2)
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  • Articles  (82)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Robust inversion of vertical electrical sounding data using a multiple reweighted least-squares method (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 49 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The root cause of the instability problem of the least-squares (LS) solution of the resistivity inverse problem is the ill-conditioning of the sensitivity matrix. To circumvent this problem a new LS approach has been investigated in this paper. At each iteration, the sensitivity matrix is weighted in multiple ways generating a set of systems of linear equations. By solving each system, several candidate models are obtained. As a consequence, the space of models is explored in a more extensive and effective way resulting in a more robust and stable LS approach to solving the resistivity inverse problem. This new approach is called the multiple reweighted LS method (MRLS). The problems encountered when using the L1- or L2-norm are discussed and the advantages of working with the MRLS method are highlighted. A five-layer earth model which generates an ill-conditioned matrix due to equivalence is used to generate a synthetic data set for the Schlumberger configuration. The data are randomly corrupted by noise and then inverted by using L2, L1 and the MRLS algorithm. The stabilized solutions, even though blurred, could only be obtained by using a heavy ridge regression parameter in L2- and L1-norms. On the other hand, the MRLS solution is stable without regression factors and is superior and clearer. For a better appraisal the same initial model was used in all cases. The MRLS algorithm is also demonstrated for a field data set: a stable solution is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2001.00249.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An accurate method to quantify ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase content in plant tissue (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A method is described to accurately measure the content of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBP carboxylase, EC 4·1.1·39) in plant tissues. This procedure, termed the internal standard method, involves extraction of the plant tissue (containing an unknown amount of 1H-RuBP carboxylase) in a buffer containing a known amount of previously purified 3H-RuBP carboxylase (internal standard). The rapid and efficient, single step copurification of 1H- and 3H-RuBP carboxylases on the Mono Q column of the Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography System (FPLC), or by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, allows the accurate estimation of the purification yield (3H in purified enzyme/3H in the extraction buffer). Knowing the amount of 1H-RuBP carboxylase in the purified enzyme and the purification yield, one can calculate the concentration of 1H-enzyme present in the plant tissue. This procedure overcomes some of the main constraints associated with the methods described in the literature: it takes into account the enzyme that is lost during the clarification of the protein extracts or during the isolation and purification processes; it is independent of the proteolysis that occurs in vitro by the action of cell proteases; it is not affected by the presence of RuBP carboxylase breakdown products; it is not influenced by any of the factors that control the catalytic activity or the activation state of the enzyme; and, it does not depend on the specificity of antigen-antibody reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00632.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid applied as a herbicide on fruit shedding and coffee yield (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 45 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) applied as a herbicide at two timings after coffee blossoming, on fruit shedding from lower or upper plagiotropic branches on the canopy, as well as on crop yield. 2,4-D was sprayed between the rows on a 0.75 m-wide strip of land, starting on the border of canopy projection. Toxicity to the plants, final crop yield per plant and fruit shedding (FS) were assessed. The identical FS was observed for both application timings. Control plots showed an FS 13% lower than those where the highest 2,4-D dose was employed. FS was greater on the lower branches (46.8%) than on the upper ones (39.4%). This was probably due to injury to the lower plant canopy caused by the 2,4-D drift. Ripe or dried cherries and coffee bean yield per plant were not affected. It was concluded that despite the increased FS in the lower plant canopy, final coffee production was not significantly affected in response to 2,4-D application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00427.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption and leaching potential of herbicides on Brazilian soils (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sorption of the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, dicamba, hexazinone, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, simazine and sulfometuron-methyl was characterized on six Brazilian soils, using the batch equilibration method. In general, weak acid herbicides (dicamba, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron and sulfometuron-methyl) were the least sorbed, whereas weak bases such as triazines and nonionic herbicides (alachlor) were the most sorbed. The Kd values found showed a significant correlation with soil organic carbon content (OC) for all herbicides except imazethapyr and nicosulfuron. Koc values showed a smaller variation among soils than Kd. To estimate the leaching potential, Koc and the ground-water ubiquity score (GUS) were used to calculate half-lives (t1/2) that would rank these herbicides as leachers or non-leachers. Comparison of calculated values to published values for t1/2 demonstrated that sulfonylureas and hexazinone are leachers in all soils, alachlor is transitional, and atrazine, simazine and dicamba are leachers or transitional, depending on soil type. Results discussed in this paper provide background to prioritize herbicides or chemical groups that should be evaluated in field conditions with regard to their leaching potential to ground-water in tropical soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00219.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HUFA content and DHA/EPA improvements of Artemia sp. with commercial oils during different enrichment periods (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Several commercial oils of plant and animal origin were tested in order to improve the HUFA content and the DHA:EPA ratio of Artemia sp. metanauplii. The relationship between the n-3 and n-6 fatty acid series, and more recently, the DHA:EPA ratio seem to be indicators for better survival and growth of marine fish larvae. The tested plant oils were derived from linseed, peanut and sunflower, and the animal oils came from squid, sardine, cod liver and Selco emulsion. For each oil emulsion tested, four different enrichment periods (9, 24, 33 and 48 h) were evaluated in the same Artemia sp. strain (Artemia EG from Artemia Systems Inc., Baasrode, Belgium). The results show that oil emulsions of plant origin give very poor results in relation to either HUFA content or DHA:EPA ratio. All the oil emulsions from animal origin resulted in HUFA incorporation. Sardine oil was the poorest and squid oil the best. The HUFA content and the DHA:EPA ratio increased with enrichment periods up to 33 h, followed by a negligible variation up to the final 48 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1999.00293.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eggs of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L. as a potential enrichment product of Brachionus sp. in the larval rearing of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L. (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L. is a sequential spawner whose reproductive cycle can be manipulated to obtain year-round egg and fry production. Hence, there is an overproduction of eggs in commercial hatcheries that is normally wasted. Two feeding experiments were conducted with the purpose of investigating the potential use of fresh and freeze-dried gilthead seabream eggs for the enrichment of live preys. The first experiment was also designed to study the possibility of using freeze-drying as a conservation process for eggs in excess. Larvae were reared for 20 days after hatching (DAH),on a diet of Brachionus sp. As experimental controls, the commercial enrichment emulsion SUPER HUFA was used in the first experiment, and the microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. in the second. This study demonstrated the potential of gilthead seabream eggs as an enrichment product to be used in the feeding of the first larval stages of Sparus aurata L. The data obtained emphasize the need to have an overall perspective of the nutritional requirements of the organisms in culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1999.00394.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular defences against reactive oxygen species in yeast (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There is rapidly expanding interest into the protective systems against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the eukaryotic cell, now that the links between oxidative damage, various disease states, and ageing, are firmly established in higher organisms. Yeast molecular genetics should be able to provide powerful insight into these mechanisms; this potential is now starting to be exploited. A number of primary antioxidant activities and systems of metal-ion homeostasis or detoxification have now been demonstrated to contribute to oxidative-stress protection in yeast. Also, evidence is emerging that the oxidative-stress response of this organism is complex, involving separate transcription-factor responses to peroxide, superoxide anion and metal ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.403940.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective advantages created by codon ambiguity allowed for the evolution of an alternative genetic code in Candida spp. (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 31 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several species of the genus Candida decode the standard leucine CUG codon as serine. This and other deviations from the standard genetic code in both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes invalidate the notion that the genetic code is frozen and universal and prompt the questions ‘why alternative genetic codes evolved and, more importantly, how can an organism survive a genetic code change?’ To address these two questions, we have attempted to reconstruct the early stages of Candida albicans CUG reassignment in the closely related yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These studies suggest that this genetic code change was driven by selection using a molecular mechanism that requires CUG ambiguity. Such codon ambiguity induced a significant decrease in fitness, indicating that CUG reassignment can only be selected if it introduces an evolutionary edge to counteract the negative impact of ambiguity. We have shown that CUG ambiguity induces the expression of a novel set of stress proteins and triggers the general stress response, which, in turn, creates a competitive edge under stress conditions. In addition, CUG ambiguity in S. cerevisiae induces the expression of a number of novel phenotypes that mimic the natural resistance to stress characteristic of C. albicans. The identification of an evolutionary advantage created by CUG ambiguity is the first experimental evidence for a genetic code change driven by selection and suggests a novel role for codon reassignment in the adaptation to new ecological niches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01233.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in diet and foraging behaviour between sexes and ploidy forms of the hybridogenetic Squalius alburnoides complex (Cyprinidae) in the Guadiana River basin, Portugal (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 66 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Samples of the Squalius alburnoides complex, a hybridogenetic Iberian minnow composed of diploid, triploid and, less commonly, tetraploid forms, were collected from a tributary of the Ardila River (Guadiana River basin) between February 1999 and January 2001. Seasonal variation in diet was evident, and was probably linked to prey availability. Distinct foraging behaviours between ploidy forms were found towards several prey items, suggesting that diploid adult males fed mostly near the surface, whereas diploid adult females tended to feed near the bottom and submerged vegetation. Triploid females exhibited an intermediate foraging behaviour, although there was greater affinity towards diploid male feeding behaviour. Diploid males which, in contrast to diploid and triploid females, have non-hybrid genomes in the Guadiana drainage, exhibited a higher specialization for food. Despite considerable dietary overlap, there appeared to be spatial segregation of feeding niches between the three forms, especially during dry periods when prey availability was lower, which may be a strategy for diminishing competition for food. Therefore, considering asexual generalist and specialist hypotheses, it appears that the different ploidy levels are generalist, opportunistic feeders that partition the resources when limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00611.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different roles of the Mre11 complex in the DNA damage response in Aspergillus nidulans (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 protein complex has emerged as a central player in the cellular DNA damage response. Mutations in scaANBS1, which encodes the apparent homologue of human Nbs1 in Aspergillus nidulans, inhibit growth in the presence of the anti-topoisomerase I drug camptothecin. We have used the scaANBS1 cDNA as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening and report the identification of the A. nidulans Mre11 homologue (mreA). The inactivated mreA strain was more sensitive to several DNA damaging and oxidative stress agents. Septation in A. nidulans is dependent not only on the uvsBATR gene, but also on the mre11 complex. scaANBS1 and mreA genes are both involved in the DNA replication checkpoint whereas mreA is specifically involved in the intra-S-phase checkpoint. ScaANBS1 also participates in G2-M checkpoint control upon DNA damage caused by MMS. In addition, the scaANBS1 gene is also important for ascospore viability, whereas mreA is required for successful meiosis in A. nidulans. Consistent with this view, the Mre11 complex and the uvsCRAD51 gene are highly expressed at the mRNA level during the sexual development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03539.x
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