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  • Articles  (231)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (231)
  • Springer  (231)
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  • Articles  (231)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 51 (1989), S. 537-544 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 57 (1995), S. 593-617 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new approach for data assimilation, which is based on the adjoint method, but allows the computer code for the adjoint to be constructed directly from the model computer code, is described. This technique is straightforward and reduces the chance of introducing errors in the construction of the adjoint code. Implementation of the technique is illustrated by applying it to a simple predator-prey model in a model fitting mode. A series of identical twin numerical experiments are used to show that this data assimilation approach can successfully recover model parameters as well as initial conditions. However, the ease with which these values are recovered is dependent on the form of the model equations as well as on the type and amount of data that are available. Additional numerical experiments show that sufficient coefficient and parameter recoveries are possible even when the assimilated data contain significant random noise. Thus, for biological systems that can be described by ecosystem models, the adjoint method represents a powerful approach for estimating values for little-known biological parameters, such as initial conditions, growth rates, and mortality rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Temperature sensitive polymers with pendant dimethyl maleinimide side groups were prepared by the copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) with varying amounts of a functional N-substituted acrylamide (2-(dimethyl maleinimido)-N-ethyl-acrylamide, DMIAAm). The polymers were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR, DSC and TGA. Their relative reactivity ratios have been determined. Aqueous solutions of the copolymers showed lower critical solution temperature behaviour (LCST). The phase transition temperatures of the aqueous solutions of these copolymers decreased with increasing comonomer content and disappeared at DMIAAm contents at or above 15.9 mol-%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 14 (1914), S. 136-139 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei Anwendung des neuen Lichtbogenverfahrens für die Herstellung von kolloidem Silber kann man zwei Reihen von Silberkolloiden im wässerigen Dispersionsmittel erhalten, von denen das eine im elektrischen Felde zur Anode, das andere zur Kathode wandert. Aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach ist das zur Anode wandernde Kolloid negativ geladen und mit H+-lonen vergesellschaftet, während, das zur Kathode wandernde positiv geladen und mit (OH)−-lonen in Zusammenhang zu stehen scheint. 2. Sobald die kolloiden Teilchen, wie bei dem gelben Kolloid, sich in sehr feinem Zustande befinden, so ist die Lösung stark empfindlich gegen die Einwirkung des Lichtes. 3. Die Farbe der Silberkolloide hängt ab von der Größe der suspendierten Teilchen. Diese Teilchen sind am kleinsten in den gelb-, am größten in den blaugefärbten Lösungen. 4. Beim Anwachsen der Teilchengröße durchläuft die Lösung die Farbenstufen Gelb — Rot — Grün — Blau, diese Beobachtung steht mit denjenigen von Garnett in Einklang, die er für feine Silberteilchen in Glas gemacht hat. 4. Wenn die Lösungen sich dem Koagulationspunkt nähern, so findet eine stetige Zunahme der Leitfähigkeit statt, deren Maximum beim Koagulationspunkt liegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 16 (1987), S. 973-983 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Thermal diffusion ; Reaction equilibrium ; the Soret Effect ; the Wagner Effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An exact thermodynamic treatment of the Wagner effect, thermal diffusion in solutions containing two or more species in equilibrium, is given. We consider primarily a solution in which the solute can exist as a monomer A or an n-mer A n . Both A and A n are treated as independent solute species. We do not assume that the solution is ideal or dilute. The heat of transport has been derived. It consists of two parts; one due to the intrinsic heat of transport of the species in the system and the other, due to chemical reaction. We found that the heats of transport derived from the Soret and Dufour effects are identical. Accordingly, the reciprocity relation is confirmed for the Onsager phenomenological coefficient for heat-matter coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 12 (1983), S. 487-502 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Thermal diffusion ; Soret effect ; electrolyte solution ; heat of transport ; entropy of transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The molar entropy (or heat) of transport of aqueous rare earth chlorides at 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1N have been measured by the potentiometric method using the silver, silver chloride thermocell at a mean temperature of 25°C. Our results indicate that the entropy of transport of rare earth chlorides exhibits a two-series, step function type of dependence on ionic radii. Although this is not the usual S-shaped dependence on ionic radii observed in many thermodynamic and transport properties, the Soret data do seem to show that hydration of the heavier rare earth ions may be rather different from the lighter rare earth ions. The concentration dependence of the entropy of transport have also been investigated for LaCl3, SmCl3, and YbCl3. In all cases the experimental limiting slopes agree well with that predicted by theory based on the electrostatic model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 3 (1993), S. 3-39 
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: DNA ; metal complexes ; assembly ; cleavage ; biopolymers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The helical DNA polymer provides many structural features that facilitate the binding of metal ions or complexes. DNA binding inorganic agents have proven invaluable, with demonstrated applications ranging from chemotherapeutic agents to probes of DNA structure. This broad range of applications attests to the utility of inorganic agents in the design of compounds which interact with the DNA helix and is due, in part, to the ability of inorganic species to define a particular ligand geometry complementary to the DNA structure, bind, or chemically react along the polymer strand. While a diverse array of novel inorganic compounds that interact with DNA have already been studied, many opportunities still exist to exploit inorganic agents in the design of new molecules that will interact uniquely with the DNA polymer. This review examines the structure of the DNA polymer, emphasizing aspects which promote the binding of inorganic agents. Along with a structural overview, the binding modes available to an inorganic element or complex are reviewed, in combination with a discussion of the ability of the DNA to act as a template for the organized binding of inorganic agents. In addition, chemical alteration of the DNA polymer structure by inorganic agents is discussed, along with the potential utility of such modifications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 13 (1984), S. 419-430 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Thermal diffusion ; Soret effect ; heat of transport ; entropy of transport ; electrolyte solution ; non-equilibrium thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The molar entropies (or heats) of transport of dilute aqueous alkali bromide solutions have been measured by the potentiometric method using the silver, silver bromide thermocell at a mean temperature of 25°C and over a concentration range of 5×10−4 to 0.1M. Experimental results were extrapolated to infinite dilution to obtain the standard molar entropies of transport. The limiting behavior observed is compared with theory based on the electrostatic model. The standard transported entropy of Br− was also derived by extrapolating the steady-state thermoelectric powers to infinite dilution. The ‘absolute’ ionic entropies of transport of alkali metal ions have been estimated based on Gurney's scale. The results obtained are compared with that derived f1/om the previous work on alkali chlorides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 17 (1988), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Thermal diffusion ; Soret effect ; heat of transport ; entropy of transport ; ammonium chloride ; tetraalkylammonium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Soret effect (thermal diffusion) of dilute aqueous solutions of NH4Cl, Me4NCl, Et4NCl, n-Pr4NCl, and n-Bu4NCl has been investigated potentiometrically using the silver, silver chloride thermocell. The molar entropies (heats) of transport have been derived from the initial and final thermoelectric powers. The concentration dependence of the entropy of transport has been examined and the effect of the ionic size on the heat of transport is discussed. The molar entropy of tetrabutylammonium chloride exhibits a sharp minimum in the neighborhood of 0.002M, the reason of which is as yet unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 2 (1973), S. 83-94 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Thermal diffusion ; entropies of transport ; thermocell ; Soret effect ; thermal emf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Heats of transport of 0.01 m HCl, Me4NCl, and Et4NCl in H2O and 0.01 m KCl, NaCl, and CsCl in D2O were determined from the measurement of initial (homogeneous) and final (Soret steady state) thermoelectric powers of the thermocell (T)Ag−AgCl/Solution/AgCl−Ag(T+ΔT) at a mean temperature of 25°C. The results are discussed in terms of ion-solvent interaction and properties of H2O and D2O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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