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  • Articles  (41)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (41)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (30)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (11)
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  • Articles  (41)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of CoFe composition of the spin-valvelike ferromagnetic tunnel junction (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6055-6057 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of a ferromagnetic tunnel junction with a spin-valvelike structure of NiFe/CoFex/Al–O/CoFex/NiFe/IrMn/Al is dependent upon CoFe composition. MR ratio increases with increasing Fe content, and shows a maximum of 42% for Fe content 26 at. % after annealing at 225 °C. Before annealing, the bias voltage dependence depend on Fe content, however, the bias voltage dependence did not depend on Fe content after annealing. We think that the increasing defect states in the barrier layer with the increasing Fe content in CoFex layer cause the degradation of the bias voltage dependence. After annealing, the defect states of samples decrease to same level, and the bias voltage dependencies of samples are improved and become same. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372610
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A self-crowbar switch for a gas-puff z-pinch driven by a pulsed power generator (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 1344-1346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A self-crowbar switch for a gas-puff z-pinch, driven by a pulsed power generator with output voltage 600 kV, pulse width 70 ns, and characteristic impedance of 3 Ω, has been built and tested successfully. Discharges with pulsed gas injection are placed into four groups dependent on the delay between the pulsed power generator trigger time and the gas-puff trigger time. For short delay times (〈2.8 ms), vacuum discharge occurs. For moderate delay times (2.8–3.8 ms), a z-pinch plasma is produced without using the self-crowbar switch, and the plasma exists for a much longer time than the voltage pulse, that is, 700 ns compared to 70 ns. For relatively longer delay times (3.8–6 ms), the self-crowbar switch operates, and the decay time of the current becomes approximately 2.5 μs. Moreover, a z-pinch occurs after self-crowbarring. For long delay times (〉6 ms), a z-pinch does not occur. The self-crowbar switch is believed to operate by photoionization of puffed gas which has reached the switch region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141190
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long pulse experiments on the Advanced Toroidal Facility (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2435-2439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) [Fusion Technol. 10, 179 (1986)] is the world's largest stellarator. It was designed and built to demonstrate high beta, steady-state operation in a toroidal confinement system. During its final operating period ATF achieved pulse lengths of over one hour (4667 s). The objectives of these experiments were (1) investigation of plasma performance at times that are long compared to the plasma/wall equilibrium time; (2) determination of plasma control and wall conditioning techniques; and (3) adaptation of plasma diagnostic and data acquisition systems to long-pulse operation. Other experiments have also extended earlier studies of dimensionless-parameter plasma confinement scaling. By employing two discrete electron cyclotron heating (ECH) frequencies (28 and 35 GHz), and by simultaneously modulating the ECH power, magnetic field, and plasma density, it has been possible to maintain fixed plasma beta and collisionality while modulating the normalized gyroradius. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871267
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion cyclotron range of frequency heating experiments on the large helical device and high energy ion behavior : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2139-2147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating experiments on the Large Helical Device (LHD) [O. Motojima et al. Fus. Eng. Des. 20, 3 (1993)] achieved significant advances during the third experimental campaign carried out in 1999. They showed significant results in two heating modes; these are modes of the ICH-sustained plasma with large plasma stored energy and the neutral beam injection (NBI) plasma under additional heating. A long-pulse operation of more than 1 minute was achieved at a level of 1 MW. The characteristics of the ICRF heated plasma are the same as those of the NBI heated plasma. The energy confinement time is longer than that of International Stellarator Scaling 95. Three keys to successful ICRF heating are as follows: (1) an increase in the magnetic field strength, (2) the employment of an inward shift of the magnetic axis, (3) the installation of actively cooled graphite plates along the divertor legs. Highly energetic protons accelerated by the ICRF electric field were experimentally observed in the energy range from 30 to 250 keV and the tail temperature depended on the energy balance between the wave heating and the electron drag. The transfer efficiency from the high energy ions to the bulk plasma was deduced from the increase in the energy confinement time due to the high energy ions in the lower density discharge, which agrees fairly well with the result obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation. The transfer efficiency is expected to be 95% at an electron density of more than ne=5.0×1019 m−3 even in the high power heating of 10 MW. The accumulation of impurities, e.g., FeXVI and OV was not observed in high rf power and long pulse operation. The well-defined divertor intrinsic to LHD is believed to be useful in reducing the impurity influx. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1354152
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanoscale intrinsic localized modes in an antiferromagnetic lattice (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6707-6709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The weak dissipation of spin waves in magnetic materials make antiferromagnets realistic condensed matter systems for the experimental observation of intrinsic localized modes of nanoscale size. By employing a chirped high power microwave pulse, a few microseconds long, the lowest frequency antiferromagnetic uniform mode of the quasi-one-dimensional biaxial antiferromagnet (C2H5NH3)2CuCl4 has been efficiently driven into an unstable dynamical region. Intrinsic localized spin waves form below the gap. Our experimental findings demonstrate that a simple optimal control scheme can be used to investigate this kind of nonlinear excitation. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1362639
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of 180 GHz heterodyne radiometer for electron cyclotron emission measurements in JT-60U : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 413-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 12-channel heterodyne radiometer system has been developed to obtain electron temperature with high time and spatial resolution from the electron cyclotron emission (ECE) in JT-60U. Resolutions of a single-sideband-type receiver are (1) Δt∼1 μs and (2) Δf=0.5 GHz. The second harmonic extraordinary mode of ECE is utilized for this system and the frequency band is 176–188 GHz. The noise level of the system is determined by unavoidable photon fluctuations, and the signal-to-noise ratio was measured to be about 50 with a video bandwidth of 100 kHz for a signal temperature above ∼200 eV. Details of the design, the obtained performance, and typical measurements are described. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146364
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray generation from a gas-puff z-pinch driven by a pulsed power generator with a self-crowbar switch (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2403-2404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A self-crowbar switch was operated on the pulsed power generator LIMAY-I and applied to a gas-puff z-pinch load. The radial collapse of the plasma is demonstrated to occur with the aid of the self-crowbar switch after the applied power pulse has turned off. X-ray emission was observed to coincide with radial collapse of the plasma, and the pinched plasma was visually observed by an x-ray pinhole photograph. The x-ray intensity increased with decrease of the puffed gas density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143896
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of Czochralski-grown RAIO3 (R: Dy, Ho, and Er) single crystals for magnetic refrigeration (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 432-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization of RAlO3 (R: Dy, Ho, and Er) single crystals along the c axis have been measured by the superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. The single crystals are nominally pure and large sized, grown by the Czochralski method. Paramagnetic properties depend on the rare-earth elements. According to the magnetic entropy change, ErAlO3 single crystals are promising materials for the magnetic refrigerants using the Carnot cycle in the temperature range below 20 K. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359349
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetic tunnel junctions with plasma-oxidized Al barriers and their annealing effects : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6691-6693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cross-geometrical Ni–Fe/Co/Al–AlO/Co/Ni–Fe/Fe–Mn/Ni–Fe tunnel junctions were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. To form the insulating layer, an Al layer was reverse sputtered in an atmosphere of either oxygen or oxygen–argon mixture at low power after deposition. The oxidization time necessary to form an AlO barrier was much shorter than that by natural oxidization, lasting for only a half to a few minutes. By adding argon to oxygen, the oxidization was slowed down and high MR ratios were obtained for a wide range of time. A magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of 16% was observed in the as-deposited junction when the barrier was oxidized in oxygen plasma for 35 s. In addition, the MR ratio increased to 24% by annealing at 300 °C. In as-deposited junctions, the tunnel resistances were increased by increasing the plasma oxidization time, but the MR ratios gradually decreased. The estimated tunnel barrier width increased and the barrier height decreased with the plasma oxidization time. After annealing, the MR ratio increased only for those junctions oxidized for short times. This suggests that the remaining Al between the AlO and the Co surface plays an important role in the effects of annealing. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367933
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation characteristics and magnetic properties of iron ultrafine particles (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3871-3875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oxidation of Fe ultrafine particles has been studied in air at temperatures ranging from 300 to 873 K. It is found that γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3 are formed at different temperatures, which leads to significant changes in the particle features and magnetic properties. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366619
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