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  • Articles  (13)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (13)
  • 1970-1974  (13)
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  • Articles  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 19 (1973), S. 144-148 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 34 (1972), S. 201-210 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract By the aid of a goniometer with the optic of a microscope it is possible to measure well reproducible the principal angle of incidence of a polished ore section. It may be used as a standard material constant for identifications. By the use of objective methods, with the aid of photomultiplier tubes and analysis by computation an accuracy of some few minutes of arc is within reach. Whereby certainly the quality of the sections and the polishing have to satisfy high requirements. The measurements are done without using a standard of comparison. They may be used as complement to the common measurements by vertical illumination. Details of the object are measurable down to a minimum diameter of about 15 μm.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 25 (1970), S. 66-76 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Coal macerals are often, as is well known, optically anisotropic. Recent charcoal, carboniferous fusinite and carboniferous vitrinite were measured: 1. with a special goniometer, 2. in a microscope with vertical illumination between crossed polarizers, 3. with a mica compensator. The measurements with the special goniometer and photomultiplier gave characteristic curves. The minimum of these curves is the Brewster angle, which is constant for a particular material. The value of the Brewster angle is different parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the seam respectively. While the sample is rotating (360°) in a microscope between the crossed polarizers the value of reflectivity changes in a characteristically symmetrical manner. There is good agreement with the goniometer measurement. To study the influence of absorption similar curves were produced for quartz, turmaline and vitrain. It was possible to find the retardation in a layer of vitrain by means of a very sensitive elliptical compensator. The absolute value of this retardation is extremely small, its mathematical sign coincides with the results of the other experiments.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Russian Abstract.
    Abstract: By considering the melt polycondensation of polyethylene terephthalate as an example, the overall reaction rate is shown to be determined by expelling the glycol formed in the reaction.The investigations performed are limited to the first stage of the polycondensation process, the pre-condensation, in which the turbulence caused by the given off glycol is comparatively high. In a reactor having only stationary internal parts the polycondensation process of PETP was traced by volumetric measurement of the glycol given off. Besides the layer thickness, the pressure was varied between 40 and 100 Torr. In some experiments up to 10 l/h nitrogen was injected for more intimate mixing and nucleation. In evaluating the kinetic equations the order of the overall reaction was found to vary between about 2 and 7.5, depending on the turbulence in the system.These high values suggest the overall rate of reaction to depend on the mass transport of the glycol evolved.The validity of this suggestion was investigated by a double layer method base on some simplified assumptions. In analogy to the determination of the SHERWOOD number the expression F. β = C. Re′m, with Re′ as modified REYNOLDS number to the power m, F area of the phase interface and β mass transfer coefficient, was used. While the values of the chemical mechanism, as expressed in the order of the rate constant, are subject to extremely high variation, the values of C and particularly those of the REYNOLDS index m keep fairly close to one another. This leads to results allowing to describe the precondensation within the variables of the expression proposed for the mass transfer.
    Notes: Am Beispiel der Schmelzepolykondensation von Polyäthylenterephthalat (PETP) wird gezeigt, daß die Gesamtreaktionsgeschwindigkeit vom Abtreiben des Reaktionsglykols bestimmt wird.Vorliegende Untersuchungen beschränkten sich auf das erste Stadium der Polykondensation, in dem die Turbulenz infolge des freiwerdenden Glykols ziemlich groß ist. In einem vorgegebenen Reaktor ohne bewegte Innenteile wurde das Fortschreiten der Polykondensation von PETP durch volumetrisches Erfassen des Reaktionsglykols verfolgt. Außer der Schichtdicke wurde der Unterdruck (von etwa 40 bis 100 Torr) variiert, wobei bei einigen Versuchen zur besseren Durchmischung bzw. zur Keimbildung außerdem Stickstoff eingeleitet wurde (bis 10 l/h). Nach differentieller kinetischer Auswertung schwankt die Ordnung der Bruttoreaktion je nach Turbulenz des Systems zwischen etwa 2 und 7,5.Bei derartig großen Zahlen muß es sich um eine formale Ordnung handeln, und der Gedanke liegt nahe, daß die Gesamtreaktionsgeschwindigkeit der Polykondensation vom Stofftransport des Reaktionsglykols bestimmt wird.Dies wurde unter einigen vereinfachenden Annahmen nach der Zweifilmtheorie untersucht. In Analogie zur Ermittlung der SHERWOOD-Zahl wurde ein Potenzansatz zugrundegelegt: F · β = C · Re′m; in dem F die Phasengrenzfläche, β der Stoffübergangskoeffizient und Re′ die (modifizierte) REYNOLDS-Zahl sind. Während die Werte des rein chemischen Mechanismus, nämlich die Ordnung und die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante, außerordentlich schwanken, liegen die Konstanten C und vor allem m, der sog. REYNOLDS-Index, ziemlich dicht beieinander. Die Vorkondensation kann demnach innerhalb der Grenzen der Variablen gut mit dem Stoffübergangs-Ansatz beschrieben werden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 375 (1970), S. 72-76 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The molecular spectra of (C6H5)3GeSC6H5 (I), (C6H5)3SnSC6H5 (II), (C6H5)2 · Sn(SC6H5)2 (III) and (C6H5)3PbSC6H5 (IV) are reported and the metal-sulfur vibrational frequencies assigned. The positions of these frequencies are compared with those of the vSn-O and vSn-Se in (C6H5)3SnOC6H5 (V) and (C6H5)3SnSeC6H5 (VI).The bonding nature is discussed in connection with other similar organometal sulfides.
    Notes: Die Molekülspektren von (C6H5)3GeSC6H5 (I), (C6H5)3SnSC6H5 (II), (C6H5)2Sn(SC6H5)2 (III) und (C6H5)3PbSC6H5 (IV) werden mitgeteilt und die Metall-Schwefel-Valenzschwingungen zugeordnet. Die Lage dieser Frequenzen wird mit der der vSn—O und vSn—Se in (C6H5)3SnOC6H5 (V) und (C6H5)3SnSeC6H5 (VI) verglichen. Im Zusammenhang mit früheren Untersuchungen an ähnlich gebauten Organometallsulfiden werden die Bindungsverhältnisse diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 393 (1972), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: RAMAN and IR spectroscopic investigation of alkyl derivatives of arsenic acid. II. Vibrational spectra of some alkanearsonic acid dialkylestersRAMAN and IR spectra of CH3AsO(OCH3)2, CH3AsO(OC2H5)2, C2H5AsO(OCH3)2, and C2H5AsO(OC2H5)2, are communicated and discussed. Their skeleton CAsO(OC)2 has very probably Cs symmetry.
    Notes: Es warden die RAMAN-und IR-Spektren von CH3AsO(OCH3)2, CH3AsO(OC2H5)2, C2H5AsO(OCH3)2, und C2H5AsO(OC2H5)2, in Substanz mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Für das Gerüst CAsO(OC)2 ergibt sich mit sehr großer Wahrscheinlichkeit die Symmetrie Cs.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: RAMAN and IR-spectroscopic Investigation of Alkyl Derivatives of Arsenic Acid. III. The Vibrational Spectra of Methane and Ethanearsonic Acid and Sodium Hydrogenmethanearsonate.The RAMAN spectra of CH3AsO3H2, C2H5AsO3H2 CH3AsO3HN2. 3/2 H2O (solid and in concentrated aqueous solution) and the IR spectra (400 -4000 cm-1) of these solid acids - partially deuterated - and of the hydrogenarsonate are discussed. The very probable symmetry of these compounds is Cs. As the IR spectra show (two strong broad OH valence bands at 2820 and 2350 cm-1; OH deformation frequency at 1220 cm-1), rather strong H-bonds exist in these acid substances.
    Notes: Es werden die RAMAN-Spektren von CH3AsO3H2, C2H5AsO3H2 und CH3AsO3HNa · 3/2 H2O (fest und in gesättigter bzw. konzentrierter wäßriger Lösung) sowie die IR-Spektren (400-4000 cm-1) der festen, zum Teil deuterierten Säuren und des Hydrogenarsonates mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Diese Verbindungen weisen mit sehr großer Wahrscheinlichkeit die Symmetrie Cs auf. Aus dem IR-Spektrum (zwei starke, breite OH-Valenzbanden um 2820 wad 2350 cm-1, die OH-Deformationsschwingung um 1220 cm-1) muß auf die Ausbildung ziemlich starker Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen geschlossen werden.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 399 (1973), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Raman and IR-spectroscopic Investigation of Alkyl Derivatives of Arsenic Acid. IV. Vibrational Spectra of Some DialkylarsinatesThe Raman and IR spectra of the Na and K salt of the dimethyl- and diethylarsinic acid (in part as hydrate) are discussed. The skeleton C2AsO2- shows very probably the symmetry C2v.
    Notes: Es werden die Raman- und IR-Spektren des Natrium- und Kaliumsalzes der Dimethyl-(=Kadodylsäure) und Diäthylarsinsäure (zum Teil in Hydratform) mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Das Arsinatgerüst C2AsO2- weist mit sehr großer Wahrscheinlichkeit die Symmetrie C2v auf.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: RAMAN and IR Spectroscopic Investigation on Alkyl Derivatives of Arsenic-Acid. V. Vibrational Spectra of Dimethyl and Diethyl Arsinic Acid and their Reaction Products with HClThe RAMAN and IR spectra of (CH3)2AsO2H-partially deuterated-and (C2H5)2AsO2H and of the reaction products of these acids with HCl (solid and in concentrated aqueous solution) are discussed. The symmetry of the R2AsO2H skeleton is Cs. of the [R2As(OH)2]+ ion very probably C2v. Whereas (CH3)2AsO2H gives with HCl only a compound (CH3)2ACO2H · HCl (connected by H bonds), the weaker (C2H5)2AsO2H is able to form a salt [(C2H5)2As(OH)2]Cl. The H bonds in the substances are discussed.
    Notes: Es werden von (CH3)2AsO2H (zum Teil deuteriert) und (C3H5)2AsO2H sowie von deren Reaktionsprodukten mit HCl die IR- und RAMAN-Spektren, fest und in konzentrierter wäßriger Lösung, mitgeteilt. Das Dialkylarsinsäuregerüst besitzt die Raumgruppe Cs, das Arsinatacidiumion mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit C2V. Während die Kakodylsäure mit HCl lediglich ein Anlagerungsprodukt (CH3)2AsO2H · HCl (Bindung über H-Brücken) ergibt, vermag die schwächere Diathylarsinsaure ein Acidiumsalz [(C2H5)2As(OH)2]Cl zu bilden. Die Wasserstoffbrücken in den Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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