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  • Articles  (69)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (69)
  • Chemistry  (60)
  • pharmacokinetics  (6)
  • Physics  (3)
  • 1980-1984  (69)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of betamethasone in healthy adults after intravenous administration (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: betamethasone ; pharmacokinetics ; cortisol ; high-performance liquid chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of betamethasone and its phosphate ester are described in 8 healthy adults after i. v. bolus injection of 10.6 mg betamethasone phosphate. Both compounds were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection using sample handling methods which prevented hydrolysis of the ester in vitro. Betamethasone phosphate disappeared rapidly from plasma (mean half-life=4.7 min) as betamethasone levels rose. Betamethasone plasma levels reached a peak 10–36 min after administration of the phosphate before declining in a biexponential manner. The terminal slow disposition phase had a mean half-life of 6.5 h. Only about 5% of the dose was recovered from urine as betamethasone, indicating extensive extrarenal clearance of betamethasone. Protein binding and blood/plasma concentration ratio were also determined. In comparison with its stereoisomer, dexamethasone, betamethasone is also cleared mainly by metabolism but has a lower plasma clearance, is less plasma bound, has a higher blood/plasma concentration ratio, and a higher volume of distribution. Endogenous cortisol levels were measured in the subjects who received betamethasone phosphate and in a matched control group of 4 subjects who did not. Betamethasone abolished the normal episodic secretion of cortisol and rapidly reduced its plasma concentration to a basal level. Cortisol plasma levels were not restored at 24 h but had returned to normal by 48 h after dosing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542353
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Papaverine disposition in cardiac surgery patients and the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: papaverine ; cardiopulmonary bypass ; pharmacokinetics ; cardiac surgery patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes substantial physiologic changes which may potentially alter the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs used during and after the procedure. Studies with fentanyl have implied a relationship between prolonged elimination half-lives following CPB and decreased liver perfusion during and after the procedure. To further test this hypothesis, the effects of CPB on the pharmacokinetics of papaverine, a coronary vasodilator currently being added to the cardioplegic solution to prevent vasospasm, were studied. The drug was given to two groups of patients, one (n=6) undergoing surgery with and one (n=5) without CPB, the latter serving as controls. Plasma papaverine concentrations declined biexponentially in the control patients with a mean elimination half-life of 1.30±0.25 h, total plasma clearance of 13.8±3.75 ml/min/kg, volume of distribution of 1.52±0.45 l/kg and volume of distribution, steady-state, of 0.992±0.530 l/kg. For the CPB group, only half-life was estimated, and averaged 2.77±0.28 h, significantly greater (p〈0.01) than that in the controls. These results further confirm the increased half-lives seen with other hepatically cleared drugs following CPB and have implications in the clinical management of patients given drugs eliminated in this manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544033
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water Relaxation Measurements on Semiquinones of Various Flavoproteins (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 65 (1982), S. 2422-2430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The water relaxation rates of several flavoproteins in the semiquinone state have been investigated by the spin echo technique. The results indicate a rather unspecific interaction between water and the protein-bound flavosemiquinones. An average interaction distance of 0.3-0.5 nm has been estimated. From the temperature dependence of the rate constants the free energy of activation for proton exchange is calculated to be about 17 kJ/mol. The rate of proton exchange is around 1011 s-1 for the flavosemiquinones investigated are accessible to water regardless of their ionic state.The large difference in relaxation rates of water protons between D- and L- amino-acid oxidases is noticeable. Oxynitrilase exhibits the highest whereas Azotobacter vinelandii flavodoxin shows the lowest water relaxation rate of the flavoproteins studied. The results are discussed in relation to the visible-light absorption properties of the flavoproteins.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19820650807
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-Induced Luminescence of Flavinium Salts (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 1296-1303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flavinium salts dissolved in an ethanolic glass exhibit blue fluorescence and orange-red phosphorescence upon excitation with a UV. line from an argon ion laser equipped with UV. optics. This arrangement enables the wavelength distribution and the time-dependence of the phosphorescence to be measured in a relatively short time. Four cationic flavins were investigated. In spite of the small difference in the chemical structure of the compounds studied, large differences in the spectral shapes and in the ratio of quantum efficiencies of phosphorescence and fluorescence became apparent. The phosphorescence lifetimes were of the same order of magnitude, which indicated a similar rate of depletion of the lowest excited triplet state for all four cations. However, the efficiency of triplet formation (intersystem crossing) is affected by slight structural modifications in the pyrimidine subnucleus of the flavinium salt. The results point to a possible role of vibronic spin-orbit coupling in the intersystem crossing.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19800630521
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of addition of high-density polyethylene on the crystallization and mechanical properties of polypropylene and glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4669-4686 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: High-density polyethylene up to about 30% by weight was melt-mixed with polypropylene and short-glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene. The presence of high-density polyethylene and glass fibers in the polypropylene matrix affects its crystallization characteristics, which were studied with the help of differential scanning calorimetry. The blend and composite samples have a large number of polypropylene domains apparently due to an abundance of surface nuclei; as a result, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and toughness are enhanced. The temperature dependence of shear modulus and logarithmic decrement indicate that high-density polyethylene can have plasticizing effect below the glass transition temperature of polypropylene. The scanning electron micrographs of fractured ends show the presence of dispersed domains in the composite samples.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271214
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cephalexin synthesis by partially purified and immobilized enzymes (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 361-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of cephalexin fromD-α phenylglycinemethylester (PGM) and 7-amino-3-desacetoxy-cephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) was prepared from Xanthomonas citri (IFO 3835) and partially purified 30-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose, and Sepharose-4B column chromatography. The Km values for 7-ADCA, PGM, and cephalexin were determined as 11.1, 2.1, and 1.61 mM, respectively. The enzymatic cephalexin synthesis follows the reversible bi-uni reaction kinetics. The equilibrium constant is influenced by the initial mole ratios of 7-ADCA and PGM. The cephalexin hydrolysis is catalyzed by the same cephalexin synthesizing enzyme, but methanol does not participate in the hydrolytic reaction. The amount of enzyme in the reaction mixture affects the initial rate but does not influence the equilibrium product concentration. This cephalexin-synthesizing enzyme was immobilized onto several adsorbents. Among these, Kaolin and bentonite showed a higher retention of enzyme activity and stability for reuse. The immobilized-enzyme reaction kinetics were investigated and compared with those of the soluble enzyme. A rate expression for the enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin was derived. The results of computer simulation showed good agreement with the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Production of L-serine with a methylotrophic microorganism using the L-serine pathway and coupling with an L-tryptophan-producing process (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 308-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The cultural conditions for the production of enhanced formation of L-serine (up to 7 g/L) are described with the methylotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas 3 ab (DSM 672). The batch process is divided into three parts: (1) the biomass production phase, (2) substrate limitation period, and (3) L-serine accumulation phase. The initial specific production rate of qp = 0.1 g L-serine/g dry wt/h is based on the inhibition of the L-serine pathway. This is accomplished by high precursor concentrations (glycine) and a pH shift to pH 8.5. The enzymatic background is discussed. Furthermore, a coupling of the L-serine process with a L-tryptophan-producing process is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260403
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Algal-bacterial interactions within aggregates (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2283-2290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260241017
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms: Steady state (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1418-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobic glucose metabolism by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in steady-state biofilms at various substrate loading rates and reactor dilution rates was investigated. Variables monitored were substrate (glucose), biofilm cellular density, biofilm extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) density, and suspended cellular and EPS concentrations. A mathematical model developed to describe the system was compared to experimental data. Intrinsic yield and rate coefficients included in the model were obtained from suspended continuous culture studies of glucose metabolism by P. aeruginosa. Experimental data compared well with the mathematical model, suggesting that P. aeruginosa does not behave differently in steady-state biofilm cultures, where diffusional resistance is negligible, than in suspended cultures. This implies that kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients for P. aeruginosa derived in suspended continuous culture can be used to describe steady-state biofilm processes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260261204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioengineering report: Fouling biofilm development: A process analysis (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1923-1960 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biofilm development at a surface is the net result of several physical, chemical, and microbial processes including the following: (1)transport of dissolved and particulate matter from the bulk fluid to the surface; (2) firm microbial cell attachment to the surface; (3) microbial transformations (growth, reproduction, etc.) within the biofilm resulting in production of organic matter; (4) partial detachment of the biofilm due primarily to fluid shear stress. This report presents a framework for analyzing the interrelated processes contributing to biofilm development. Some of the available rate and composition data are presented so that the relative process rates can be compared.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230902
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