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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (647)
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  • Articles  (647)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the rainfall climate of eleven places in West Africa using a two-part model for daily rainfall (1981)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 29 (1981), S. 137-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit bringt eine Zusammenfassung der mit einem zweiteiligen Modell des täglichen Niederschlags zum Vergleich des Regenklimas von 11 Orten in einem Nord-Süd-Schnitt durch Westafrika erhaltenen Ergebnisse. Die Zahl der Regentage wurde gesondert von den Regenmengen analysiert. Es wurden Kurven der Wahrscheinlichkeit von Regen angepaßt; diese Kurven sind geographisch vereinbar. Die mittlere Länge der Trockenperioden und der Feuchteperioden variiert systematisch im Jahresgang. In der Regenzeit besteht ein nahezu konstantes mittleres Intervall von 4 Tagen zwischen dem Beginn aufeinanderfolgender Regenperioden. Regenmengen werden durch Gamma-Verteilungen beschrieben. Die mittlere Regenmenge pro Regentag ist verhältnismäßig konstant und die Änderung der Regenwahrscheinlichkeit ist daher die bedeutendste Komponente der jahreszeitlichen Änderung und der Differenzen zwischen den Orten.
    Notes: Summary This paper uses the concise summary obtained from a two part model of daily rainfall to compare the rainfall climate of eleven places on a north-south transect in West Africa. The number of rainy days is analysed separately from the amounts of rain. Curves are fitted to the probability of rain and these curves are geographically consistent. The mean length of dry spells and of wet spells vary systematically during the year. In the rainy season there is a nearly constant mean interval of about 4 days between the start of successive rainy spells. The amounts of rain are described by gamma distributions. The mean rainfall per rainy day is relatively constant and variation in the probability of rain is therefore the most important component of seasonal variation and of differences between places.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02278197
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simultaneous interpretation, by wind speed and direction, of ambient air polar conductivities in Athens, Greece (1985)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 33 (1985), S. 381-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit einem rechtwinkeligen Isoplethen-Diagramm für die Windfrequenzen wurde die gleichzeitige Auswirkung von Windgeschwindigkeit und Windrichtung auf das positive und negative polare Leitungsvermögen dargestellt. Beide polaren Leitungsvermögen nehmen bei den meisten Windrichtungen und Intervallen der Windgeschwindigkeit zu, wenn die Windgeschwindigkeit zunimmt. Die Maxima und Minima, die in manchen Sektoren vorkommen, werden im Zusammenhang mit der Luftverschmutzung und dem Regime der Ionenkonzentration besprochen.
    Notes: Summary The rectangular wind frequency isopleth diagram, a data presentation technique, has been applied to examine the effect of wind speed and direction, acting simultaneously, on ambient air positive and negative polar conductivities. Both polar conductivities increase, in the majority of directions and wind speed intervals, as the wind speed increases. The local maxima and minima, occurring in some sectors, are properly discussed in connection to air pollution and ion concentration regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258487
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of geosynchronous satellite soundings retrieved with the aid of asynoptic radiosonde profiles (1988)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 39 (1988), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Geosynchronous satellite soundings from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) have difficulty resolving thermal variations in the troposphere associated with mesoscale dynamical processes. For example, VAS soundings retrieved during a late winter storm on 6 March 1982 scarcely resolved a mid-tropospheric cold pool and a low-level inversion which were captured by a special radiosonde network established as part of an Atmospheric Variability Experiment (AVE) in the south-central United States. In this paper, VAS radiances from the 6 March 1982 AVE/VAS case are re-processed using supplementary radiosonde soundings obtained at NWS radiosonde sites in the central United States to construct a local regression retrieval matrix. The re-processed VAS retrievals are compared to the original VAS retrievals and to an independent mesoscale radiosonde network located in north-central Texas. The re-processed VAS retrievals delineate the three-dimensional mesoscale temperature fields for this case with significantly improved accuracy, indicating that the poor resolution from the previous retrievals was not due to unexpected limitations in the satellite radiometer. More importantly, in order to obtain accurate upper-air temperature analyses over the United States at mesoscale resolution, the results from this case suggest that it may be necessary to develop a system which combines temperature and moisture profiles observed at selected sites in an asynoptic ground-based network (using either balloons or upward-looking microwave sensors) with infrared radiances observed at 30 km horizontal resolution from the geosynchronous sounder, using the VAS satellite data to fill in the gaps between the ground-based measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041934
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1984)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 18 (1984), S. 71-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287377
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pulmonary circulation of some domestic animals at high altitude (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 32 (1988), S. 56-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: High altitude ; Pulmonary circulation ; Yaks ; Goats ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Pulmonary haemodynamics and the histology of the pulmonary vasculature have been studied at high altitude in the yak, in interbreeds between yaks and cattle, and in domestic goats and sheep indigenous to high altitudes together with crosses between them and low-altitude strains. Cattle at high altitude had a higher pulmonary arterial pressure than cattle at low altitude. The yak and two interbreeds with cattle (dzos and stols) had a low pulmonary arterial pressure compared with cattle, while the medial thickness of the small pulmonary arteries was less than would be expected in cattle, suggesting that the yak has a low capacity for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and that this characteristic is transmitted genetically. Goats and sheep showed haemodynamic evidence of a limited response of the pulmonary circulation to high altitude, but no evidence that the high altitude breeds had lost this response. There were no measurable differences in the thickness of the media of the small pulmonary arteries between high- and low-altitude breeds of goats and sheep. All these species showed prominent intimal protrusions of muscle into the pulmonary veins but no specific effect of high altitude in this respect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623996
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Cities Expand: Does State Law Make a Difference? (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 17 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1986.tb00064.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MEASURED AND CREAMS-PREDICTED NITROGEN LOSSES FROM TOMATO AND CORN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Nitrogen runoff and leaching losses from two tomato and four corn field plots were compared to model predictions by CREAMS, a field-scale model for Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems. The tomato treatments were (1) trickle irrigation with one-half of applied N at preplant and one-half of applied N through the trickle irrigation system and (2) overhead sprinkler irrigation with one-half of applied N at preplant and one-half of applied N in two equal sidedressings. The corn treatments consisted of multiple N applications, minimum tillage, and “conventional” management. Soil type appeared to influence the ability of CREAMS to predict seasonal trends and treatment influences. Model predictions for N losses from tomato and corn treatments that were located on sandy soils often disagreed with measured values. Treatment influences and seasonal trends for N losses from corn treatments that were located on a higher clay content soil were more satisfactorily predicted by CREAMS. Even though model input parameter estimation and measurement techniques may be imperfect, the simulation ability of CREAMS for predicting N leaching losses from systems on deep sands probably needs to be improved. Sensitivity analyses indicated that annual NC3−-N leaching loss predictions were either minimally or not affected by changes in saturated hydraulic conductivity. Input estimations of the fraction of soil pore space filled at field capacity and soil organic matter were inversely related to annual NO3−-N leaching losses, while potential mineralizable N was directly related to yearly N leaching losses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00181.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A CHLORIDE BUDGET FOR THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER, HEADWATERS TO MOUTH (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 20 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Mass budgets for chloride were estimated from 1975-1978 for the Mississippi River from headwaters to near the mouth to determine the magnitudes of natural and anthropogenic sources. Annual chloride input from precipitation ranged from about 200 kg mi-2yr-1 at Royalton, Minnesota, to about 350 kg mi-2yr-1 at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Mass export ranged from about 900 kg mi-2yr-1 at Royalton to about 8000 kg mi-2yr-1 at Vicksburg. As much as 80 percent of the residual, the difference between input and export, probably is contributed by anthropogenic sources. In particular, semi-logarithmic scatterplots of monthly total discharge against chloride concentration show that, during early spring, chloride elevations in the Mississippi River and Ohio River are elevated, possibly because of flushing of road salt and leaching of chloride from the accumulated snowpack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb02832.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE STABILITY IN WATER OF A NEW CHLORAMINE DISINFECTANT AS A FUNCTION OF pH, TEMPERATURE, AND WATER QUALITY (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 20 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: The stabilities in water and dry storage of two solid-state disinfectants (3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, agent I, and calcium hypochlorite) have been compared under a variety of conditions. Variables in the study included pH, temperature, and water quality. Agent I is considerably more stable in dry storage and in water, especially at pH 4.5 and 7.0, than is calcium hypochlorite. This is true for solutions of the two compounds in sterile, distilled, deionized, demandfree water or in a synthetic water containing heavy organic load. Prior work in these laboratories concerning use of agent I as a disinfectant for lake water in a laboratory-scale treatment plant had suggested that agent I has considerable potential for use as an alternative to cholorine gas for water disinfection. The present work suggests that agent I is of sufficient stability to be of use as a solid-state disinfectant for swimming pools and for potable water for remote areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04717.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE TENDENCY OF A NEW WATER DISINFECTANT TO PRODUCE TOXIC TRIHALOMETHANES (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 20 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: A new organic N-chloramine disinfectant (3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, agent I) has been compared with calcium hypochlorite as to its tendency to react with organic matter in water to produce toxic trihalomethanes. Agent I reacts much less readily with organic demand than does calcium hypochlorite. This study shows that agent I should be safe to use as a disinfectant for water containing appreciable organic load in either sunlight or darkness. On the other hand, calcium hypochlorite may not be a satisfactory disinfectant from the toxicity standpoint for water which contains organic load which must be stored for extended time periods in either sunlight or darkness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04718.x
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