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  • Articles  (14)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (14)
  • Springer  (14)
  • Annual Reviews
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  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1990-1994  (14)
  • Biology  (14)
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  • Articles  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of a new vitamin D analog, 22-oxa-1α,25(OH)2D3, on bone mineral metabolism in normal male rats (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 521-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: 22-oxa-1α, 25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; 1,25(OH)2D3 ; Bone histomorphometry ; Bone Gla protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Thein vivo effects of 22-oxa-1α, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (OCT), on bone mineral metabolism were investigated in normal male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were administered either vehicle (control), low-dose OCT (25 ng/100 g body weight), or high-dose OCT (250 ng/100 g body wt). High-dose OCT increased serum ionized calcium (P〈0.05) and decreased serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) (P〈0.05) at all time points and increased serum bone Gla protein on days 7 and 28 (P〈0.05) compared with controls. Lowdose OCT decreased serum PTH at all the time points (P〈0.05) compared with controls. Tibial bone histomorphometry showed no significant differences between the two doses of OCT and controls. We found that OCT has minimal direct effects on bone metabolism in normal male rats in contrast to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. This property may be advantageous in the treatment with OCT of cell-proliferative diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582166
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved noninfections murine skin model of organized granulomatous inflammation (1991)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Skin granuloma model ; granulomatous inflammation ; T-cell independent ; granuloma ; angiotensin-converting enzyme ; proline-specific endopeptidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An improved model of granulomatous inflammation in skin was developed by second passage skin grafting of isolated, lyophilized skin granulomas, originally elicited in naive mice by inoculations of lyophilized hepatic schistosome egg granulomas. The tissue reaction is caused by a single exposure to a noninfectious, acellular granulomagenic stimulus and occurs in healthy mice free of systemic disease. The model should prove useful for isolation of granuloma initiation factor(s). Furthermore, because there is a time lag before new granuloma formation begins, a window exists for analytical dissection of the initiation process. In this study we described the responses of host cells by autoradiography, and light and electron microscopy. The activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and proline-specific endopeptidase showed a modulation during granuloma formation. In addition we found that severe immunosuppression with high dose cyclosporine therapy did not alter granuloma formation, supporting the idea that initiation of organized granulomas is T-cell independent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958158
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of change of cancellous bone volume with short-term use of the new immunosuppressant rapamycin in rats (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rapamycin ; Bone mineral metabolism ; Bone Gla protein ; Immunosuppressants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Immunosuppressants have adverse effects on bone mineral metabolism in animal and human studies, with corticosteroids producing low-turnover osteopenia, and cyclosporin-A (CsA) producing high-turnover osteopenia. Rapamycin (RAPA) is a new immunosuppressant reported to be at least 10 times more potent than CsA, and acts via a different pathway to CsA and the other new immunosuppressant FK506. This study investigated the effects of RAPA on bone mineral metabolism in the rat. Forty-two, 10-week-old, male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups, and treated according to the following protocol: group A (control) received RAPA vehicle by daily gavage for 14 days (n = 12); group B (high dose RAPA) received RAPA 2.5 mg/kg/day by daily gavage for 14 days (n = 15); group C (low dose RAPA) received RAPA 1.25 mg/kg/day by daily gavage for 14 days (n = 15). Rats were weighed and bled on days 0, 7, and 14 for measurement of blood ionized calcium, bone Gla protein (BGP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1,25(OH)2D. Tibial bone histomorphometry was determined on day 14 after double-calcein labeling. Weight gain was similar in the two groups treated with RAPA compared with control animals. High-dose RAPA (group B) transiently depressed serum BGP levels on day 7, with elevated blood ionized calcium levels on day 7, and lowered 1,25(OH)2D levels on day 14. Serum PTH levels were unchanged. Low dose RAPA (group C) did not affect calciotropic hormones. Histomorphometric analyses of tibial metaphyses revealed that parameters of bone formation and resorption were not significantly different in the groups treated with RAPA (group B and C) compared with control animals (group A). Trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) in group B (high-dose RAPA) (15.39 ± 1.01%) and C (low-dose RAPA) (15.38 ±0.57%) was not significantly altered compared with group A (control) (16.42 ± 0.86%). Short-term treatment with RAPA, unlike CsA, does not result in excess resorption and loss of bone volume. The depressed serum 1,25(OH)2D levels seen with high-dose RAPA therapy may adversely effect bone mineral metabolism in the long term.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01352014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ability of vertebral dimensions from a single radiograph to identify fractures (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Vertebral fractures ; Morphology ; Prospective studies ; Fracture prevalence, incidence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary It has been proposed that vertebral dimensions be used to objectively identify vertebral fractures, permitting standardization of methodology for comparisons between studies. In this report, we evaluate the ability of various vertebral dimensions and ratios to identify “abnormal” vertebrae. As no “gold standard” exists for prevalent vertebral fractures, we examined the ability of cross-sectional dimensions (at a single point in time) to detect fractured vertebrae that had been identified from changes in dimensions compared with previous radiographs. Theoretically, a cutoff of 3 SD below the mean will rarely misclassify normal vertebrae as fractured (specificity=99.9%). However, we found that this cutoff correctly identified only about 70% of the incident fractures. A less stringent criterion (2 SD below the mean; theoretical specificity=97.7%) identified about 85–90% of true fractures. Dividing by stature or other vertebral heights sometimes yielded marginal improvements in the ability of the anterior or posterior height dimensions to diagnose fractures. The results suggest that the true fracture prevalence may sometimes be substantially higher than suggested by cross-sectional vertebral measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298495
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    When should bone density measurements be repeated? (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Bone density ; Longitudinal studies ; Statistical models ; Decision models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We calculated how long to wait before repeating bone mineral density (BMD) measurements to reassess fracture risk. Correlation results from serial measurements of 495 postmenopausal Japanese-American women were used to estimate 95% confidence intervals (CI) for future BMD. After 7 years of follow-up, BMD correlations with the initial measurement ranged between 0.81 and 0.94, depending on age group and measurement site. In this analysis, the period between measurements was defined as the time required for the lower 95% CI to fall below the BMD value corresponding to doubling of fracture risk. Progressive bone loss causes fracture risk to double after 10 years, on average. However, the 95% CIs indicate that a second BMD measurement will detect risk doubling after only 2 or 3 years for some women. For untreated, early postmenopausal women, the period between measurements was approximately 2–5 years for the radius and 4–6 years for the calcaneus, depending on the initial BMD level. The period was approximately 1 year longer for women age 60 and older. Treatments that halve the bone loss rate would increase the period by 1–3 years. In the absence of a second measurement of BMD, the CI will continue to expand with time, corresponding to a wider range in risk between individuals, and a greater proportion of women will be at increased fracture risk. Obtaining a second BMD measurement pinpoints the patient's status within the precision of the measurement. We conclude that repeated BMD measurements will provide a more accurate estimate of fracture risk than a single, baseline measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310399
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The physical map of chromosome arm 19q: some new assignments, confirmations and re-assessments (1991)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 87 (1991), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have constructed and analysed somatic cell hybrids from cell lines containing balanced reciprocal translocations involving chromosome 19 and providing two new breakpoints on 19q. These and other hybrids have been tested with a series of markers from 19q to enhance the existing map. Several new cloned DNA sequences that map to 19q13.3–19qter are reported; the locus D19Z1 has been analysed by CHEF gel electrophoresis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213095
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seven new MHC recombinant strains defining new H-2 haplotypes (1990)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 32 (1990), S. 142-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210453
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The IgG2a antibody response to thyroglobulin is linked to the Igh locus in mouse (1994)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 39 (1994), S. 404-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The IgG-subclass usage by several strains of mice in the response to immunization with mouse thyroglobulin (mTg) was examined in the experimental autoimmune thyroiditis model. While the subclass usage by most mouse strains was similar, the Ighb allotype-bearing mice consistently produced lower IgG2a levels to mTg. Using CBA-Igh b congenic and recombinant inbred strains of mice, the lower level of IgG2a in the Ighb mouse was mapped to the Igh locus. The regulation of IgG2a appeared to be cis controlled, as the CBA x C57BL/6F1 mouse also produced reduced IgG2a of the Ighb (B6) allotype but not Ighj (CBA) allotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176157
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple modes of a conditional neural oscillator (1990)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 63 (1990), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a model for a conditional bursting neuron consisting of five conductances: Hodgkin-Huxley type time- and voltage-dependent Na+ and K+ conductances, a calcium activated voltage-dependent K+ conductance, a calcium-inhibited time- and voltage-dependent Ca++ conductance, and a leakage Cl(− conductance. With an initial set of parameters (versionS), the model shows a hyperpolarized steady-state membrane potential at which the neuron is silent. Increasingg Na and decreasingg Cl, whereg i , is the maximal conductance for speciesi, produces bursts of action potentials (BursterN). Alternatively, an increase ing Ca produces a different bursting state (BursterC). The two bursting states differ in the periods and amplitudes of their bursting pacemaker potentials. They show different steady-stateI–V curves under simulated voltage-clamp conditions; in simulations that mimic a steady-stateI–V curve taken under experimental conditions only BursterN shows a negative slope resistance region. ModelC continues to burst in the presence of TTX, while bursting in ModelN is suppressed in TTX. Hybrid models show a smooth transition between the two states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202450
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deletion of chromosome 21 and normal intelligence: molecular definition of the lesion (1991)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 87 (1991), S. 112-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Application of a method for the fine structure analysis of unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements using quantitative Southern blot analysis has established that an individual of normal intelligence and largely normal appearance has a significant interstitial deletion of chromosome 21. Using high resolution cytogenetic analysis and molecular analysis with five single copy DNA sequences unique to chromosome 21 and a probe for human SOD1 (CuZn, Superoxide dismutase), we find that the deletion extends from the border of bands 21q11.1–11.2 and extends to the border of bands 21q21.2–q21.3. The latter border is established molecularly by the presence of two copies of SOD1, previously mapped to band 21q22.1, and of four single copy sequences known to be located distal to this region. The presence of SOD1 was confirmed by enzyme dosage analysis. These findings demonstrate that deletion of close to 20,000kb of autosomal material is compatible with normal intelligence. Further, they suggest that chromosome 21 may include a large region of relative developmental neutrality whose molecular basis may now be investigated. Because of the limits of even high resolution cytogenetic analysis, fine structure molecular analyses of this type will be necessary to reliably detect and define similar small chromosomal deletions or insertions. The molecular definition of such aneuploidy provides the basis for increasing the resolution of the human physical genetic map.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204163
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