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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An 8-Year Study on the Elimination of PCBs and Other Organochlorine Compounds from Eel (Anguilla anguilla) under Natural Conditions (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 28 (1994), S. 2242-2248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00062a002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical, chemical, and hematological parameters in cattle kept in a cadmium-contaminated area (1990)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 44 (1990), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700156
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two methods for seismic hazard assessment in a low-seismicity area (1992)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 6 (1992), S. 39-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; comparison of methods ; low seismicity area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The EGO method, developed by Egozcue et al. and the SRAMSC method, originally developed by Cornell and later programmed by McGuire, to assess the seismic hazard, are compared for the low seismicity area ‘Belgium, The Netherlands, and NW Germany’. Using the same input data, the results of the EGO method without the majority criterion and the SRAMSC method with upper bound XII agree very well. The influence of the zoning is investigated for the EGO method. It is not necessary to define the zones for the EGO method so strictly as for the SRAMSC method, but too wide zones can give bad results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162098
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns in trace elements in lichens (1991)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 57-58 (1991), S. 785-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Epiphytic lichens were sampled in a Dutch national monitoring survey, which was carried out twice within 5 yr. The samples were analyzed by neutron activation analysis. The lichen data sets were presented in plots of geographical concentration patterns. These gave insight in the possible location of pollution sources. Comparison of the lichen data sets showed changes in the (geographical) concentration patterns with time. For all elements the areas with enhanced concentration classes increased from 1982–1983 to 1986–1987. The most striking change in concentration pattern was found for Cd. The application of factor analysis techniques in interpreting the concentration data yielded the composition of the various polluting components, which may facilitate identification of the associated sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282942
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measured and computed concentrations of 1,3-dichloropropene and methyl isothiocyanate in air in a region with intensive use of soil fumigants (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 78 (1994), S. 247-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A sampling programme was set up to measure 1,3-dichloropropene and methyl isothiocyanate in air in a region with intensive agricultural use of these soil fumigants. In two consecutive autumns, 6-hour air samples were taken at two locations in that region with charcoal tubes using automatic samplers. Most (81%) of the 6-hour concentrations of 1,3-dichloropropene measured in both years were below 3.2 μg m−3 and a few percent could not be measured with a detection limit of around 0.3 μg m−3. Only 4% of the 6-hour concentrations exceeded 10 μg m−3, almost all of which were measured at a location where a field just upwind of the measuring site had been treated. For methyl isothiocyanate, 73% of the 6-hour concentrations of both years could not be measured with a detection limit in the two years of 1 and 2 μg m−3, respectively. A small fraction (3%) of the concentrations were in the range of 3.2 to 10 μg m−3 and only 1% exceeded 10 μg m−3. The rates of emission of 1,3-dichloropropene and methyl isothiocyanate into air were estimated for weeks with many applications in the region studied. Using the PAL model, the concentration of fumigant in air at a receptor site was computed for representative fumigations at different upwind positions. The computed concentrations in air ranged up to 9.9 μg m−3 for 1,3-dichloropropene and up to 2.5 μg m−3 for methyl isothiocyanate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483035
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecies comparison of lichens as biomonitors of trace-element air pollution (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 25 (1993), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The linearity of the interspecies relation between the elemental contents in Parmelia sulcata and Lecanora conizaeoides, sampled in a polluted area, was examined by the function y=az+b and yz −1=a+bz −1, with y and z being the elemental content in Parmelia and Lecanora, respectively. For As, Co, V and Zn significant positive a and b values were found, allowing interspecies calibration. For Br, Cd, Cr, Fe, La, Sb, Se and W the a values were zero and the b values were positive, indicating saturation of Parmelia and thus ruling out interspecies calibration. For Cu a part of the data set showed saturation effects in Lecanora. The results showed that the average concentration ratio could not be used for intercalibration purposes, because the concentration ratios were dependent on the concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00549136
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factor analysis of trace-element data from tree-bark samples in The Netherlands (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 32 (1994), S. 207-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Monte Carlo-assisted factor analysis has been applied to a data set of 20 trace-element concentrations in tree-bark samples obtained from 123 locations in The Netherlands, with the aim to investigate the suitability of bark as a biomonitor for air pollution. A Monte Carlo approach was used to give more insight to the uncertainties and significance levels of the factor analysis results. Notwith-standing a rather strong influence of soil material on the concentration levels, factor analysis enabled the identification of five significant pollution source types, all of which corresponded with source types found in an earlier biomonitoring study in The Netherlands using epiphytic lichens. A more detailed comparison with the lichen results showed a remarkable difference in lead concentrations between bark and lichen. It was concluded that bark can be successfully employed as a biomonitor for air pollution. The power of factor analysis to adequately determine the soil contribution may render extensive sample washing procedures superfluous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00546277
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling and analysis of the soil fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene and methyl isothiocyanate in the air (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 61 (1992), S. 385-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Methods of sampling and analysis have been developed to measure concentrations of the soil fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene and methyl isothiocyanate (formed from metham-sodium) in air. We tested these methods under laboratory and field conditions. Air samples were taken with glass tubes containing charcoal as adsorbent. The charcoal was extracted with acetone and subsamples of the extracts were injected into a gas Chromatograph with a capillary column. 1,3-dichloropropene was determined by an electron capture (EC) detector and methyl isothiocyanate by a nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) detector. Concentrations of these fumigants in 40 L of air as low as 0.2 μg m−3 and 1.0 μg m−3, respectively, could be determined. A study on the influence of storage temperature and time on the recovery from charcoal showed that charcoal tubes can be stored for up to 4 d at −20 °C. A test program on the breakthrough of the charcoal tubes when sampling at different flow rates and air humidity revealed no significant breakthrough from the first to the second (check) tube. Similar results were obtained from sampling the air during fumigation of the soil in a greenhouse and in two fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482617
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate influence on epiphytic lichens (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 25 (1993), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The origin of the presence of soil elements in the epiphytic lichen Lecanora conizaeoides was investigated in an area of heavily polluted soil (The Broekpolder The Netherlands). Analysis results of lichens, bark and tree rings of the supporting trees indicated that for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Sc and V the levels in lichens may be considered to originate from wet and dry deposition. The Cd, Mn and Zn levels in lichens might have originated from both wet and dry deposition and the substrate bark. For these three elements, in particular, accumulation characteristics in lichens should be further investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548023
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in metal speciation in a sediment core from an acidified Black Forest lake (Wildsee, Germany) (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. 525-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Wildsee is a small cirque lake in northern Black Forest, Fed. Rep. Germany. The recent acidification history was reconstructed by means of the paleolimnological diatom approach. Furthermore, the bonding stability of selected metals (Al, Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cd) within the sediment core has been evaluated by applying sequential chemical extraction, which differentiates between residual, labile and intermediate compounds. Increases in total concentrations of Al, Pb, and Zn as well as losses in bonding strength of these metals appear to be caused by acidification. Cd appears to be derived principally from direct deposition on the lake and its catchment rather than from acidification-mediated soil release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478474
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