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  • Articles  (6)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (6)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1965-1969  (1)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • Articles  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 7 (1993), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Unbiased plotting position ; General Extreme Value distribution ; order statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Expressions for the expected values of GEV order statistics have been derived in simple summation form and in terms of probability weighted moments. Using exact plotting positions from GEV order statistics a new unbiased plotting position formula has been developed for the General Extreme Value distribution. The formula can, explicitly, take into account the coefficient of skewness, γ (or the shape parameter, k), of the underlying distribution. The developed formula better approximates the exact plotting positions as compared to other existing formulae and is quite easy to use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transportation 21 (1994), S. 185-201 
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: choice modelling ; rating ; stated preferences ; value of time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Stated preference (SP) rating experiments are easy to design and conduct. Furthermore, they constitute a generalisation of SP choice experiments in terms of the information about preferences that can be achieved. However, its results are sensitive to the numerical values assigned by the analyst to the semantic scale used by individuals to express their preferences. We consider this problem in depth using a variety of statistical techniques, including ordinal probit and a novel optimal scale linear regression approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transportation 21 (1994), S. 289-305 
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: choice ; modelling ; ranking ; rating ; stated preferences ; value of time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Stated preferences data in the form of rankings, ratings and choices were collected in Santiago and discrete choice models estimated with them. The models were compared in terms of accuracy v/s the cost of obtaining the information and models. All methods produced reasonable but different models and fairly close subjective values of time. In terms of production costs the ranking method was a clear looser although the experimental design was slightly biased against it. Finally, the use of computerised interviews is highly recommended particularly for dealing with low income people.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 2 (1969), S. 49-57 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Creep tests on concrete specimens kept under load with the object of relating strengths with applied loads must be performed taking into accout the influence of three factors deemed basic: 1. The increase in ultimate strength due to the permanent load applied on the specimen. 2. The change in the rupture strength of the concrete kept under creep, due to the changes in the moisture gradient with time. 3. The dispersion of the ultimate strength values yielded by the concrete, which is unavoidable however careful the preparation and casting of the specimens and renders uncertain the values obtained for the actual stresses in the concrete in percentage of its ultimate strength. The tests described in the present paper yielded the following increases in the rupture strength due to the application of a permanent load: about 0.20 when the load is applied on 7 day' old specimens and 0.10 in the case of 6 months' old specimens. This increase of the ultimate strength is ascribed to an additional and forced hydration of the cement due to the changing pressures to which the cement components are subjected in the presence of free water inside the hydrated cement. This assumption is confirmed by the fact that more free water (which is dried out at 105°C) is present in the concrete not subjected to creep. Prisms 5×5×21 cm in size stored in 48% relative humidity and loaded at 7 days' age (for which their ultimate strength is maximum, fig. 3) fail under stresses exceeding 0,86 of the ultimate strength. Under stresses 0.85 the ultimate strength, prisms remained 5 years loaded without rupture. Analogous prisms loaded at 6 months' age underwent a stress 0.96 the breaking strength for more than 4 years without failing. Under higher stresses, breaking occurs in a few hours or minutes. The present paper also describes a method by means of which more accurate values of the percentage of the ultimate strength really applied in the specimen can be determined from the rate of increase of deformation under a stress increasing at a constant rate (of e.g. 1 kg/cm2/min).
    Notes: Résumé Quand on procède à des essais de fluage du béton sous contrainte que l'on désire faire correspondre à sa contrainte de rupture, il faut tenir compte de trois facteurs que l'on considère comme fondamentaux: 1. L'augmentation de la contrainte de rupture due à l'application d'une charge permanente. 2. La variation, avec le temps, de la contrainte de rupture de la pièce soumise au fluage, en vertu de l'altération de son gradient d'humidité avec le temps. 3. La dispersion de la valeur de la contrainte de rupture de la pièce de béton, même si elle est fabriquée et moulée avec le plus grand soin, ce qui rend précaire la connaissance suffisamment précise de la fraction de la contrainte de rupture qui est appliquée à la pièce. Dans les essais décrits dans cette note, on a déterminé la valeur de l'augmentation de la contrainte de rupture due à l'application d'une contrainte constante dans le temps: environ 0,20 dans le cas où l'on charge à 7 jours et 0,10 dans le cas où le béton est chargé à 6 mois. On suppose que cette augmentation de la contrainte de rupture est due à une hydratation supplémentaire et forcée du ciment, à cause de l'altération de la pression à laquelle sont soumis les composants du ciment en présence de l'eau libre qui se trouve à l'intérieur du ciment hydraté. Ce phénomène est confirmé du fait que l'eau libre (qui sort à 105 °C) est plus abondante si le béton n'a pas été soumis au fluage que s'il l'a été. Des prismes de 5×5×21 cm conservés constamment à 48% H.R. et chargés à 7 jours (quand ils présentent le maximum de la contrainte de rupture, fig. 3) ne se rompent que si la contrainte appliquée est supérieure à 0,86 de la contrainte de rupture. Des prismes chargés à 0,86 de la contrainte de rupture se sont maintenus en charge pendant cinq ans sans se rompre. Des prismes identiques de 6 mois ont été soumis à une contrainte de 0,96 de la contrainte de rupture pendant plus de quatre ans sans se rompre. Si la contrainte est supérieure, la rupture a lieu au bout de peu d'heures ou de minutes. Dans cette note l'on décrit aussi une méthode qui permet de connaître plus rigoureusement que d'habitude la fraction de la contrainte de rupture appliquée à l'éprouvette en essai. Cette méthode est basée sur la détermination de l'accroissement de la déformation quand la contrainte augmente à une vitesse constante (par exemple de 1 kg/cm2/min).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 18 (1994), S. 77-80 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fire behaviour of sisal short fibers reinforeed gypsum in laboratory tests is described Specially designed testing equipment that is easily available has been implemented in this work to analyze the fibers under load and their composite fire performance.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 18 (1994), S. 485-505 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper is devoted to the stability analysis of a vertical embankment in reinforced soil, assuming that a very large number of reinforcements are periodically distributed throughout the soil mass. The reinforced soil is modelled as a homogeneous medium that obeys a macroscopic yield condition.Two numerical formulations of the homogenized problem, derived from the lower and upper bound theorems of limit analysis, respectively, with a finite element discretization technique, are described. They both lead to a linear programming problem, which is carried out by means of XPRESS industrial LP code.The practical implementation of both the static and kinematic finite element programs on the case of a vertical reinforced earth wall results in close estimates of its failure height, which are in good agreement with available experimental data. This points to the ability of such programs to provide a rigorous evaluation of the limit loads of structures through the determination of lower bound and upper bound estimates sufficiently close to each other.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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