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  • Articles  (101)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (101)
  • Springer  (101)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd
  • 1995-1999  (66)
  • 1980-1984  (35)
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  • Articles  (101)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferon induction of (2′–5′) oligoisoadenylate synthetase in diploid and trisomy 21 human fibroblasts: Relation to dosage of the interferon receptor gene (IRFC) (1983)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 65 (1983), S. 108-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Trisomy 21 human fibroblasts are more sensitive to human interferon-α (IFN-α) than are diploid controls, consistent with the location of the gene (IFRC) which codes for the IFN-α receptor on chromosome 21. When compared in the antiviral assay, the difference in sensitivity is five-to tenfold, much greater then the 50% difference in IFRC gene dosage. An understanding of the mechanism by which this amplification of gene dosage occurs is relevant to the specific pathology of Down's syndrome and as a model system for studying the pathogenic effects of chromosomal aneuploidy. The enzyme (2′–5′) oligoisoadenylate synthetase (2–5A synthetase), which is believed to be central to the interferon-induced antiviral response, is induced 50% more in trisomy 21 fibroblasts than in diploid controls. Thus the amplification in response occurs subsequent to the binding of IFN-α to its receptor and the triggering of the first set of intracellular events, the latter exemplified by the induction of 2–5A synthetase. Similar results were obtained with IFN-γ, consistent with other evidence which indicates that a gene coding for a separate IFN-γ receptor is also located on chromosome 21.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286644
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ouabain binding in rectal gland ofSqualus acanthias (1983)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 75 (1983), S. 105-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: shark rectal gland ; ouabain binding ; (Na, K)-ATPase ; cyclic AMP ; slices ; isolated cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to examine the mechanisms of activation of (Na, K)-ATPase when epithelial transport is stimulated, the binding of ouabain to rectal gland tissue was measured before and after stimulation with dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline. Stimulation significantly altered the characteristics of ouabain binding to slices ofSqualus acanthias rectal gland and to isolated rectal gland cells, accelerating the rate of binding and increasing the amount of ouabain bound at equilibrium when low concentrations of ouabain (10−9 to 10−7 m) were present in the medium. Scatchard plots of ouabain binding were nonlinear, suggesting at least two classes of binding sites, one of higher and one of lower affinity. Stimulation with cAMP and theophylline appeared to increase the affinity of the high-affinity site. Ouabain binding was increased by cAMP and theophylline even in the presence of furosemide (10−4 m) or bumetanide (10−5 m), and when Li+ was substituted for Na+, or NO 3 − for Cl−-maneuvers known to inhibit rectal gland secretion. The changes in ouabain binding induced by cAMP and theophylline do not appear, therefore, to be secondary to secretory activity but may reflect a change in the configuration, environment or location of existing enzyme so as to enhance its activity. Stimulation of ouabain binding cannot be demonstrated in whole homogenates of rectal gland, indicating that intact cells are necessary for the cyclic AMP-induced increase in ouabain binding to become manifest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995630
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic AMP stimulates ouabain-insensitive ion movement in shark rectal gland (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 154 (1984), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When the active sodium-potassium pump (Na−K-ATPase) of shark rectal glands is blocked by ouabain, the concentration of intracellular ions changes in the direction of equilibrium with extracellular fluid. These changes were examined when isolated perfused glands were in the basal state and also when they were stimulated to secrete with cAMP and theophylline, to see whether stimulation affected the passive movement of sodium, potassium and chloride across cell membranes. In basal glands 10−4M ouabain induced an increase of 30 meq/l in intracellular [Na+] and a decrease in intracellular [K+] of about 50 meq/l after 30 min, while intracellular [Cl−] was unchanged. In stimulated glands, these movements were exaggerated. The increase in intracellular [Na+] averaged 112 meq/l, and the decrease in intracellular [K+], 96 meq/l (P〈0.01), while mean intracellular [Cl−] rose by 80 meq/l. Furosemide, 10−4M, partially reversed the accelerated changes in intracellular electrolytes seen after ouabain was added to stimulated glands. These results are consistent with an action of cAMP upon a ouabaininsensitive cotransport of sodium, potassium and chloride in the rectal gland, analogous to that described in avian erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684137
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic rezeroing of drifting physiologic signals (1980)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 18 (1980), S. 746-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Autozeroing ; Barometric method ; Electronic circuit ; Instrumentation ; Plethysmography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An electronic circuit is described which automatically rezeroes a physiologic signal whenever it reaches the limit of a display. This modified signal can be used for polygraph monitoring while the raw signal is processed by a wide-range high-resolution a.d. convertor. The device is currently used in conjunction with the barometric method for measuring tidal volume, but should find general use in plethysmography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441900
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical second-harmonic generation in atomic calcium vapour (1981)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 13 (1981), S. 436-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620280
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A partially ordered extention of the integers (1995)
    Springer
    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 303-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a monotonic system of Post algebras of order ω+ω* whose chain of Post constans is isomorphic with 0≤1≤2≤ ... ≤-3≤-2≤-1. Besides monotonic operations, other unary operations are considered; namely, disjoint operations, the quasi-complement, succesor, and predecessor operations. The successor and predecessor operations are basic for number theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053003
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning Game-Specific Spatially-Oriented Heuristics (1998)
    Springer
    Constraints 3 (1998), S. 239-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9354
    Keywords: machine learning ; game playing ; spatial cognition ; extensible architectures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes an architecture that begins with enough general knowledge to play any board game as a novice, and then shifts its decision-making emphasis to learned, game-specific, spatially-oriented heuristics. From its playing experience, it acquires game-specific knowledge about both patterns and spatial concepts. The latter are proceduralized as learned, spatially-oriented heuristics. These heuristics represent a new level of feature aggregation that effectively focuses the program's attention. While training against an external expert, the program integrates these heuristics robustly. After training it exhibits both a new emphasis on spatially-oriented play and the ability to respond to novel situations in a spatially-oriented manner. This significantly improves performance against a variety of opponents. In addition, we address the issue of context on pattern learning. The procedures described here move toward learning spatially-oriented heuristics for autonomous programs in other spatial domains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009734028965
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aligning simulation models: A case study and results (1996)
    Springer
    Computational & mathematical organization theory 1 (1996), S. 123-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9346
    Keywords: Simulation ; replication ; computational models ; alignment ; culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper develops the concepts and methods of a process we will call “alignment of computational models” or “docking” for short. Alignment is needed to determine whether two models can produce the same results, which in turn is the basis for critical experiments and for tests of whether one model can subsume another. We illustrate our concepts and methods using as a target a model of cultural transmission built by Axelrod. For comparison we use the Sugarscape model developed by Epstein and Axtell. The two models differ in many ways and, to date, have been employed with quite different aims. The Axelrod model has been used principally for intensive experimentation with parameter variation, and includes only one mechanism. In contrast, the Sugarscape model has been used primarily to generate rich “artificial histories”, scenarios that display stylized facts of interest, such as cultural differentiation driven by many different mechansims including resource availability, migration, trade, and combat. The Sugarscape model was modified so as to reproduce the results of the Axelrod cultural model. Among the questions we address are: what does it mean for two models to be equivalent, how can different standards of equivalence be statistically evaluated, and how do subtle differences in model design affect the results? After attaining a “docking” of the two models, the richer set of mechanisms of the Sugarscape model is used to provide two experiments in sensitivity analysis for the cultural rule of Axelrod's model. Our generally positive experience in this enterprise has suggested that it could be beneficial if alignment and equivalence testing were more widely practiced among computational modelers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01299065
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How hiring: Dogs and humans need not apply (1999)
    Springer
    Ethics and information technology 1 (1999), S. 227-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8439
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract This is a review of Hans Moravec's book, Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind. This review raises three categories of questions relating to Moravec's vision of the future. First, there are the ethical and social implications issues implicit in robotics research. Second, there are the soul issues, which especially relate to the prospect of the demoralization of human beings. Third, there is the issue as to whether a robot could ever be a sentient being.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010064106064
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for abnormal regulation of circulating 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal calcium metabolism (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 541-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: 1α25(OH)2D ; Hypercalcemia ; Normocalcemia ; Pulmonary tuberculosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Available evidence indicates that hypercalcemia in pulmonary tuberculosis results from increases in circulating 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1α,25(OH)2D]. To further characterize vitamin D metabolism in this disorder, the effects of vitamin D, 100,000 units a day for 4 days, were compared in 25 normal subjects and 11 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who were normocalcemic and had not had hypercalcemia. Serum calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and 1α,25(OH)2D were measured. Whereas vitamin D increased mean serum 25-OHD from 20±2 (±SE) to 40±5 ng/ml (P〈0.001) and did not change mean serum 1α,25(OH)2D in the normals (33±2 vs. 31±2 pg/ml), it increased mean serum 25-OHD from 21±4 to 55±13 ng/ml (P〈0.05) and mean serum 1α,25(OH)2D from 28±2 to 35±3 pg/ml (P〈0.05) in the patients. Serum calcium was normal and remained within the normal range in all subjects and patients. The findings indicate that there is a modest but significant abnormality in the regulation of circulating 1α,25(OH)2D in normocalcemic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The results are similar to those previously reported by us in normocalcemic patients with sarcoidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405362
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