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  • Artikel  (144)
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 128-136 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The effect of rotation on the heat and particle transport is measured in the DIII–D tokamak [Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] for high-confinement mode (H-mode) plasmas with edge localized modes. In a novel experiment, transport is compared for nearly identical scans of the relative gyroradius in co- and counter-rotating plasmas. Since the plasma profiles are the same, the difference in the transport scaling can be attributed to changes in the sheared E×B flow caused by the shift in the toroidal plasma velocity. The ion heat and particle transport are found to be sensitive to the change in the rotation direction and magnitude whereas the electron heat transport is not. Simulations using a gyroLandau-fluid drift wave transport model show that the variation in the ion heat transport for co/counter rotation is due to changes in the E×B shear stabilization, but the electrons appear to be governed by a different transport mechanism. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Sustained stabilization of the n=1 kink mode by plasma rotation at beta approaching twice the stability limit calculated without a wall has been achieved in DIII-D by a combination of error field reduction and sufficient rotation drive. Previous experiments have transiently exceeded the no-wall beta limit. However, demonstration of sustained rotational stabilization has remained elusive because the rotation has been found to decay whenever the plasma is wall stabilized. Recent theory [Boozer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5059 (2001)] predicts a resonant response to error fields in a plasma approaching marginal stability to a low-n kink mode. Enhancement of magnetic nonaxisymmetry in the plasma leads to strong damping of the toroidal rotation, precisely in the high-beta regime where it is needed for stabilization. This resonant response, or "error field amplification" is demonstrated in DIII-D experiments: applied n=1 radial fields cause enhanced plasma response and strong rotation damping at beta above the no wall limit but have little effect at lower beta. The discovery of an error field amplification has led to sustained operation above the no-wall limit through improved magnetic field symmetrization using an external coil set. The required symmetrization is determined both by optimizing the external currents with respect to the plasma rotation and by use of feedback to detect and minimize the plasma response to nonaxisymmetric fields as beta increases. Ideal stability analysis and rotation braking experiments at different beta values show that beta is maintained 50% higher than the no wall stability limit for durations greater than 1 s, and approaches beta twice the no-wall limit in several cases, with steady-state rotation levels. The results suggest that improved magnetic-field symmetry could allow plasmas to be maintained well above no-wall beta limit for as long as sufficient torque is provided. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Particle confinement was compared for the high confinement mode plasmas with the edge localized mode in the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokamak-60 Upgrade (JT-60U) [S. Ishida, JT-60 Team, Nucl. Fusion 39, 1211 (1999)] and the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] considering separate confinement times for particles supplied by neutral beam injection (NBI) (center fueling) and by recycling and gas-puffing (edge fueling). Similar dependence on the NBI power was obtained in JT-60U and DIII-D. The particle confinement time for center fueling in DIII-D was smaller by a factor of 4 in the low density discharges and by a factor of 1.8 in the high density discharges than JT-60U scaling, respectively, suggesting the stronger dependence on the density in DIII-D. The particle confinement time for edge fueling in DIII-D was comparable with JT-60U scaling in the low density discharges. However, it decreased to a much smaller value in the high density discharges. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 68-72 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The expansion in powers of the electron charge, e, for a neutral system of electrons (fermions) and ions (Maxwell–Boltzmann particles) is extended to order e4 for arbitrary values of temperature and density. The methods of calculation of the series terms will be illustrated, and some of the consequences of these results will be discussed. The ionization profile so derived, at least at high temperatures, will be contrasted with Saha theory. Some special features of hydrogen related to the possible plasma phase transition will be noted. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 2936-2941 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A formal expression for the canonical steady-state density profile in a tokamak can be obtained from the Fokker–Planck-type diffusion equation derived from the Vlasov equation in the limit of anomalous diffusion due to strong turbulence. Here we derive an explicit expression for this canonical profile for a tokamak with arbitrary cross section and aspect ratio. The resulting profile is independent of the spatial dependence of the diffusion coefficient, but does depend on the relative diffusion of trapped versus passing particles. Under conditions where only the trapped particles transport due to interactions with the turbulence the profiles are considerably flatter than if both the trapped and passing transport the same. The steepness of the calculated profile depends on the ratio of the diffusion coefficients for passing and trapped particles. The calculated profiles are compared with measured profiles from the tokamak known as DIII-D [J. L. Luxon et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159]. Density profiles for a typical International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [R. Aymar, Fusion Eng. Design 24, 977 (1984)] plasma are also derived. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 3012-3020 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Thomson scattering was used to measure the Langmuir wave spectrum driven by stimulated Raman scattering. The Thomson scattering signals measured in the experiment showed Langmuir waves with components both parallel and antiparallel to the incident laser's wave vector, k0. The parallel component was attributed to stimulated Raman scattering. However, the Langmuir waves with components antiparallel to k0, which cannot be explained by stimulated Raman scattering, were attributed to the Langmuir decay instability (LDI). The relative amplitude of the two Langmuir wave features and their angular width supported the conclusion that the Langmuir waves traveling antiparallel to the incident laser's wave vector were driven by the Langmuir decay instability. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2207-2215 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Ion plasma waves—purely electrostatic ion waves with a wavelength of order of the electron Debye length and frequency of the order of the ion plasma frequency—have long been known in theory but have proven difficult to detect experimentally. The difficulties stemmed from the techniques used to produce the plasma and to drive and detect the waves. In the work reported here, these problems were overcome by using resonant laser scattering to detect ion plasma waves in a multiply ionized, laser-produced plasma. This nonetheless required careful experimental design to minimize frequency smearing of the scattered signal by plasma gradients. The plasma was extensively characterized, allowing comparison of the theoretical dispersion relation with the wave data. The agreement of these two provides conclusive proof of the detection of ion plasma waves. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2488-2494 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Good radiation drive symmetry will be crucial for achieving ignition in laboratory inertial fusion experiments. The indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) method utilizes the soft x-ray field in a radiation-containing cavity, or hohlraum, to help achieve a high degree of symmetry. Achievement of the conditions necessary for ignition and gain will require experimental fine tuning of the drive symmetry. In order to make tuning possible, a significant effort has been devoted to developing symmetry measurement techniques. These techniques have been applied to a series of experiments that give a graphic picture of the symmetry conditions in the complex hohlraum environment. These experiments have been compared with detailed, fully integrated theoretical modeling. The ultimate goal of this work is the detailed understanding of symmetry conditions and the methods for their control. Comparison with experiments provides crucial benchmarking for the modeling—a key element in planning for ignition. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 6 (1996), S. 528-533 
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Given a set of experimental or numerical chaotic data and a set of model differential equations with several parameters, is it possible to determine the numerical values for these parameters using a least-squares approach, and thereby to test the model against the data? We explore this question (a) with simulated data from model equations for the Rossler, Lorenz, and pendulum attractors, and (b) with experimental data produced by a physical chaotic pendulum. For the systems considered in this paper, the least-squares approach provides values of model parameters that agree well with values obtained in other ways, even in the presence of modest amounts of added noise. For experimental data, the "fitted'' and experimental attractors are found to have the same correlation dimension and the same positive Lyapunov exponent. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Significant progress has been made in obtaining high-performance discharges for many energy confinement times in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159]. Normalized performance (measured by the product of βNH89 and indicative of the proximity to both conventional β limits and energy confinement quality, respectively) ∼10 has been sustained for 〉5 τE with qmin〉1.5. These edge localized modes (ELMing) H-mode discharges have β∼5%, which is limited by the onset of resistive wall modes slightly above the ideal no-wall n=1 limit, with approximately 75% of the current driven noninductively. The remaining Ohmic current is localized near the half-radius. The DIII-D electron cyclotron heating system is being upgraded to replace this inductively driven current with localized electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD). Density control, which is required for effective ECCD, has been successfully demonstrated in long-pulse high-performance ELMing H-mode discharges with βNH89∼7 for up to 6.3 s. In plasma shapes compatible with good density control in the present divertor configuration, the achieved βN is somewhat less than that in the high βNH89=10 discharges. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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