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  • Articles  (16)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (16)
  • Annual Reviews  (16)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Elsevier
  • Munksgaard International Publishers
  • 2010-2014
  • 2000-2004  (9)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959  (7)
  • 1920-1924
  • 2001  (9)
  • 1959  (5)
  • 1955  (2)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (14)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (2)
Collection
  • Articles  (16)
Source
Publisher
Years
  • 2010-2014
  • 2000-2004  (9)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959  (7)
  • 1920-1924
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Structure of Proteins (1959)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 28 (1959), S. 97-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.28.070159.000525
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CARBON SINKS IN TEMPERATE FORESTS1 (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Environment and Resources 26 (2001), S. 435-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1056-3466
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In addition to being scientifically exciting, commercially important, and environmentally essential, temperate forests have also become a key diplomatic item in international climate negotiations as potential sinks for carbon. This review presents the methods used to estimate carbon sequestration, identifies the constraints and opportunities for carbon sequestration in temperate forests, addresses the issues raised by the monitoring of carbon sequestration, and analyzes uncertainties pertaining to the sequestration of carbon by temperate forests. This review serves a dual purpose: It aims at informing policy makers about carbon sequestration in temperate forests and at making forest ecologists, biogeochemists, and atmospheric scientists aware of the structure of an international agreement to reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions and some of the real, still answered scientific questions that it poses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.435
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate Metabolism (1955)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 24 (1955), S. 207-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.24.070155.001231
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein Biosynthesis (1959)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 28 (1959), S. 145-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.28.070159.001045
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygenases and Hydroxylases (1959)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 28 (1959), S. 527-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.28.070159.002523
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FROM FOLDING THEORIES TO FOLDING PROTEINS: A Review and Assessment of Simulation Studies of Protein Folding and Unfolding (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 52 (2001), S. 499-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-426X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Beginning with simplified lattice and continuum "minimalist" models and progressing to detailed atomic models, simulation studies have augmented and directed development of the modern landscape perspective of protein folding. In this review we discuss aspects of detailed atomic simulation methods applied to studies of protein folding free energy surfaces, using biased-sampling free energy methods and temperature-induced protein unfolding. We review studies from each on systems of particular experimental interest and assess the strengths and weaknesses of each approach in the context of "exact" results for both free energies and kinetics of a minimalist model for a beta-barrel protein. We illustrate in detail how each approach is implemented and discuss analysis methods that have been developed as components of these studies. We describe key insights into the relationship between protein topology and the folding mechanism emerging from folding free energy surface calculations. We further describe the determination of detailed "pathways" and models of folding transition states that have resulted from unfolding studies. Our assessment of the two methods suggests that both can provide, often complementary, details of folding mechanism and thermodynamics, but this success relies on (a) adequate sampling of diverse conformational regions for the biased-sampling free energy approach and (b) many trajectories at multiple temperatures for unfolding studies. Furthermore, we find that temperature-induced unfolding provides representatives of folding trajectories only when the topology and sequence (energy) provide a relatively funneled landscape and "off-pathway" intermediates do not exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.499
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHARMACOGENOMICS: Unlocking the Human Genome for Better Drug Therapy (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 41 (2001), S. 101-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract There is great heterogeneity in the way humans respond to medications, often requiring empirical strategies to find the appropriate drug therapy for each patient (the "art" of medicine). Over the past 50 years, there has been great progress in understanding the molecular basis of drug action and in elucidating genetic determinants of disease pathogenesis and drug response. Pharmacogenomics is the burgeoning field of investigation that aims to further elucidate the inherited nature of interindividual differences in drug disposition and effects, with the ultimate goal of providing a stronger scientific basis for selecting the optimal drug therapy and dosages for each patient. These genetic insights should also lead to mechanism-based approaches to the discovery and development of new medications. This review highlights the current status of work in this field and addresses strategies that hold promise for future advances in pharmacogenomics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NOVEL EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 41 (2001), S. 203-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide (NO), a simple free radical gas, elicits a surprisingly wide range of physiological and pathophysiological effects. NO interacts with soluble guanylate cyclase to evoke many of these effects. However, NO can also interact with molecular oxygen and superoxide radicals to produce reactive nitrogen species that can modify a number of macromolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. NO can also interact directly with transition metals. Here, we have reviewed the non-3',5'-cyclic-guanosine-monophosphate-mediated effects of NO including modifications of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MONOAMINES, GLUTAMATE, AND GABA IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: New Evidence (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 41 (2001), S. 237-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In spite of its proven heuristic value, the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is now yielding to a multifactorial view, in which the other monoamines as well as glutamate and GABA are included, with a focus on neurotransmitter interactions in complex neurocircuits. The primary lesion(s) in schizophrenia does not necessarily involve any of these neurotransmitters directly but could deal with a more general defect, such as a faulty connectivity of developmental origin. Nevertheless, a precise identification of neurotransmitter aberrations in schizophrenia will probably provide clues for a better understanding of the disease and for the development of new treatment and prevention strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.237
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROTECTING AGRICULTURAL CROPS FROM THE EFFECTS OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE EXPOSURE: Reconciling Science and Standard Setting in the United States, Europe, and Asia (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Environment and Resources 26 (2001), S. 237-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1056-3466
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Ozone (O3) is well documented as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants. Most crops in developed countries are grown in summer when O3 concentrations are elevated and frequently are sufficiently high to reduce yields. This article examines the difficulties in scientifically determining the reduction in yield that results from the exposure of agricultural crops to surface O3 and then transforming that knowledge into efficient and effective regulatory standards. The different approaches taken by the United States and Europe in addressing this issue as well as the few studies that have been conducted to date in developing countries are examined and summarized. Extensive research was conducted in the United States during the 1980s but has not been continued. During the 1990s, the European community forged ahead with scientific research and innovative proposals for air-quality standards. These efforts included the development of a "critical level" (CL) for O3 based on a cumulative exposure above a cutoff concentration below which only an acceptable level of harm is incurred. Current research focuses on estimating O3 dosage to plants and incorporating this metric into regulatory standards. The US regulatory community can learn from current European scientific research and regulatory strategies, which argue strongly for a separate secondary standard for O3 to protect vegetation. Increasing impacts of O3 on crops are likely in developing countries as they continue to industrialize and their emissions of air pollutants increase. More research is needed on surface O3 concentrations in developing countries, on their projected increase, and on the sensitivity that crop cultivars used in developing countries have to O3. The threat of reduced agricultural yields due to increasing O3 concentrations may encourage developing countries to increase their energy efficiency and to use different energy sources. This could simultaneously achieve a local benefit through improved regional air quality and a global benefit through a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.237
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