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  • Articles  (5)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (1)
  • Springer  (4)
  • Wiley  (1)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1990  (5)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (4)
  • Geography  (1)
Collection
  • Articles  (5)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (1)
Years
  • 1990-1994  (5)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1990-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7428
    Electronic ISSN: 1931-0846
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 18 (1990), S. 335-346 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: neuromuscular relaxants ; pancuronium ; pharmacokinetics ; models ; computers ; train-of-four stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fade, as measured by train-of-four, lags behind twitch depression during the initial phase of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade, i.e., the ratio of the fourth to first twitch height in a train (T4/T1is greater at the onset of the block than during spontaneous recovery for the same level of first twitch depression. We believe that these data can be explained by picturing the muscle as having localized regions that respond much more slowly than the rest, leading to a delay in drug effect in that area, especially when the drug concentration rises rapidly as during bolus administration. This was modeled by computer as a muscle of 15 compartments distributed in a log-normal fashion according to equilibration rate. Experimental data consisting of the time course of first twitch and train-of-four ratio were fitted by nonlinear regression to the model. A good fit was obtained with a median equilibration time t1/2 of 3.3 min and a standard deviation of 2.1. The difference between train-of-four during onset and regression of block at the same level of first twitch depression was reproduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2993-3013 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ant ; ant-garden ; benzothiazole ; Camponotus ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; chemical mimicry ; epiphyte ; 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene-methanol ; 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone ; 2-hydroxy-6-methyl-benzoic acid ; methyl ester ; 1-(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)ethanone ; 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone ; limonene ; 6-methyl-methylsalicylate ; 6-MMS ; seed dispersal ; symbiosis ; tropical forests ; vanillin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A number of volatile compounds occur on the seeds of taxonomically unrelated ant-garden epiphytes in western Amazonia. In field trials in southeastern Peru, we assayed the responses of ant-garden ants (Camponotus femoratus) to these and structurally similar compounds applied to artificial “seeds” made from zeolite molecular sieves. Benzothiazole,2, present on seeds of eight ant-garden epiphytes, repelled ants over the range of concentrations tested, as did 1-(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)ethanone,3, occurring on seeds of six ant-garden epiphytes. 2-Hydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, methyl ester (methyl-6-methylsalicylate, 6-MMS),1, found on seeds of at least nine ant-garden epiphytes, was mildly repellent at high concentration, but stimulated excitement, seed handling, and (rarely) seed carrying at lower concentrations. Vanillin,5, a seed compound of four ant-garden epiphytes, and limonene,6, a monoterpene from seeds of three ant-garden epiphytes, both stimulated excitement, alarm, seed handling, and (rarely) seed carrying. Identified from seeds of seven ant-garden epiphytes, 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone,4, elicited little or no response. Among 70 compounds tested (mainly aromatic compounds), those found on seeds of ant-garden epiphytes or having structural features in common with such compounds were the most attractive to the ants. Although not present on epiphyte seeds, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenemethanol,10, consistently stimulated seed transport to the nest in one year, but did so only rarely in subsequent years. Some of the volatile compounds on seeds of ant-garden epiphytes probably play a role in ant attraction to epiphyte seeds, but evidence remains ambiguous. Finally,Ca. femoratus responded to one test compound [1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone,60] (absent from epiphyte seeds) by descending from the vegetation to the ground.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1791-1816 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ant ; ant garden ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Camponotus ; chemical mimicry ; citronellol ; convergent evolution ; epiphyte ; mellein ; methyl 6-methylsalicylate ; Perú ; seed dispersal ; symbiosis ; tropical forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In ant gardens of lowland Amazonia, parabiotic ant speciesCamponotus femoratus andCrematogaster cf.limata parabiotica cultivate a taxonomically diverse group of epiphytic plants, whose establishment is restricted to arboreal carton ant nests. Epiphyte seeds are collected by workers ofCa. femoratus, the larger of the two ants, and stored unharmed in brood chambers where they subsequently germinate. Although seeds of some ant-garden epiphytes bear nutritional rewards, previous studies have shown that these rewards are not sufficient to explain the pattern of ant attraction to seeds. Five aromatic compounds occur frequently in and on the seeds of most ant-garden epiphytes and may be chemical cues by which ants recognize propagules of their symbiotic plants. The most widely distributed of these is methyl 6-methylsalicylate [6-MMS]1, previously reported as a major mandibular gland product in relatedCamponotus species and present in trace quantities inCa. femoratus males. (−)-Citronellol6 (previously unreported inCamponotus) was the principal volatile constituent in extracts of male heads, and (−)-mellein7 was present in small quantities. Discovery of 6-MMS inside the mandibular glands of maleCa. femoratus (and its presence in analogous glands of related ants) offers preliminary support for Ule's (1906) hypothesis that seeds attract ants by mimicking ant brood. In addition, the likely fungistatic activity of seed compounds suggests that they could retard microbial pathogens of ants and plants in the organic detritus of nest gardens. While the presence of identical seed compounds in so many unrelated plant lineages might represent a remarkable case of convergent evolution, other interpretations are possible.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 42 (1990), S. 241-252 
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical oscillators may be coupled together in a variety of ways. Two of the most important forms of coupling are physical (via transport) and chemical (via common species). Such coupling can result in new phenomena. Here we focus on rhythmogenesis, the onset of oscillations when two steady state systems are coupled, and oscillator death, the cessation of oscillations when two oscillatory systems are coupled. We also discuss briefly a biological example, the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion, and the important role of delay, which may be brought on by coupling, in chemical oscillation.
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