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  • Articles  (20)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (12)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (8)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (10)
  • American Geophysical Union  (8)
  • Arctic Institute of North America
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  • 1977  (20)
  • Geosciences  (10)
  • Biology  (7)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (3)
  • Mathematics
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  • Articles  (20)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (12)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (8)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WATER LOSS RATES AND TEMPERATURE PROFILES OF DRY COOKED BOVINE MUSCLE (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data are presented for water emission rates and temperature profiles of beef muscle that is heated in an especially constructed controlled environment oven in which air temperature, flow rate and humidity are continuously monitored and controlled at all times. Moisture loss rates and temperature rise in bovine semitendinosus muscle were measured for oven temperatures between 121°C and 204° C and for an air flow rate of 13.7 m3/hr in which fiber direction was parallel to the direction of the air flow. A qualitative model of heat and mass transfer is deduced that illustrates the interaction of heat and mass transfer during dry air roasting. The transport mechanisms known to be operative in the drying of rigid, nonproteinous porous media provide the basis for understanding the water emission behavior of cooking muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb12662.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ROTATING CURRENT DIPOLE METHOD - A FIELD TEST (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 25 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The outputs and neutral of a three phase generator are converted to six amplitude variable phases in a 3.5 kW 400 Hz transmitter. These outputs are applied to six groundimplanted electrodes, producing a horizontally rotating current dipole in the subsurface.An investigation of the radiation pattern in the vertical magnetic field indicates, in symmetry and closure control, considerable advantages in this form of galvanic energization. These include optimization of inductive anomalies and the ability to interpret phase observations on a spatial basis in depth sounding and orebody location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1977.tb01171.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF BLADE TENDERIZATION ON STORAGE LIFE RETAIL CASELIFE AND PALATABILITY OF BEEF (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Boneless strip loins (n = 90) and inside rounds (n = 90) from Heavy-Choice, Heavy-Good and Light-Good carcasses were randomly assigned to one of six treatments representing combinations of storage interval (7 or 14 days), blade tenderization (prior to or following storage) and packaging (vacuum packages or polyethylene bags). Vacuum packaging was much more satisfactory than polyethylene packaging for maintaining appearance of subprimal cuts following storage and for assuring desirable overall appearance of steaks during retail display. Subprimal cuts should be blade tenderized after, rather than prior to, storage to minimize weight losses of subprimals during storage, but time of blade tenderization did not affect retail caselife or palatability traits. Light-Good beef was not generally inferior to that from Heavy-Choice or Heavy-Good carcasses in storage-life, retail caselife or palatability if subprimal cuts were stored in vacuum packages. However, Light-Good strip loins which were blade tenderized prior to storage and stored in polyethylene bags were discolored and unattractive following storage and produced steaks which had very limited retail caselife. Blade tenderization increased tenderness above that achieved by aging alone but did not otherwise affect palatability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb01492.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF OVEN CONDITIONS AND SAMPLE TREATMENT ON WATER LOSS OF DRY COOKED BOVINE MUSCLE (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence on water loss rates of beef muscle of varying the rate of air flow past the cooking muscle, the orientation of the muscle fibers relative to the direction of air flow, and the postmortem treatment of the muscle prior to cooking in a controlled environment oven was evaluated. Variation in flow rate did not change the basic mechanism of water transport (i.e., did not change qualitative features of the emission curve) but did increase the water emission rate in the constant rate period and the first falling rate period. Perpendicular fiber orientation with respect to air flow direction gave a higher rate of water loss in the early staees of cookina. Muscles that entered rieor in a restrained position gave higher water loss rates than those that entered rigor in an unrestrained position. Scanning electron microscopy showed looser structure of the myofibrils in the restrained muscle which could account for the higher water loss rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb14489.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fish size and ration level on the growth and food conversion efficiency of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 11 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The growth rates of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, which ranged in size from 0.6 to 5.2 g and were provided rations of three different sizes, were measured during a 15-day study. The relative maintenance rations (food/gram of fish at zero growth rate) decreased with increases of fish size. Consequently when fish were kept at low ration levels the growth rates and gross efficiencies of food conversion of ‘large’ fish were greater than those of ‘small’ fish. However, as ration level increased, the effects of fish size grew at the same rates or slower than small fish. With increases of ration to the highest levels (9–12%/day) gross efficiency values for large fish began to decline while those for small fish continued to increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04102.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature and ration level on the growth and food conversion efficiency of Salmo gairdneri, Richardson (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 11 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of temperature and ration size on the growth rate and gross efficiency of food conversion of juvenile rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri were evaluated during 25-day seasonal experiments. Rations ranged from near-starvation to repletion levels. Test temperatures were 3 and 6°C higher than the controls which fluctuated dielly and seasonally. At rations near maintenance, elevated temperatures decreased trout growth. As the feeding rate increased the detrimental effect of temperature on growth was ameliorated. At repletion feeding levels, elevated temperature up to 17°C improved trout growth by increasing the maximum food consumption rate. With a temperature increase from 6.9 to 22.5°C maintenance rations increased from 2.2 to 7.5 % body weight per day. Gross efficiency was dependent upon ration level and temperature. As the food consumption rate increased, efficiency increased to a maximum, then generally declined at repletion levels. Elevated temperatures resulted in reduced efficiencies at low consumption rates but temperatures had little effect at high ration levels. A field study provided estimates of the food consumption relationships established in the laboratory, suggested any substantial increase of stream temperature without a concomitant increase of food abundance would result in decreased trout production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04101.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isopropyl m-Chlorocarbanilate and Its Hydroxylated Metabolites: Their Effects on Cell Suspensions and Cell Divison in Soybean and Carrot (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 40 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Hydroxylated metabolites of isopropyl m-chlorocarbanilate (chlorpropham) are found in intact soybean plants (Glycine max Merr.). The metabolites are isopropyl 2-hydroxy-5-chloro-carbanilate (2OH) and isopropyl 3-chloro-4-hydroxycarbanilate (4OH). The phytotoxicity of these metabolites and chlorpropham was tested in cell suspensions and roots of intact soybean seedlings and cell cultures of carrot (Daucus carota L.). The growth of soybean cell suspensions was inhibited with 50 μM chlorpropham. Ten μM chlorpropham usually slowed initial growth of the cultures while 5 μM and 0.1 μM chlorpropham had no effect. The 2OH and 4OH metabolites had no significant effect on dry weight over the same concentration range. Some metabolism of chlorpropham, 2OH and 4OH occurred during 6 and 48 h of incubation with soybean cells. The results are interpreted to mean that all three analogs penetrated into the cells, were metabolized, and some of the metabolites excreted back into the medium. Mitotic index studies of intact 3-day-old soybean roots showed that 2OH inhibited mitosis to a greater extent than chlorpropham, whereas 4OH produced only a slight and insignificant reduction compared to controls. Chlorpropham, 2OH and 4OH (at 50 μM) all reduced the growth of wild carrot cultures grown in the presence or absence of 2,4-D. Therefore, hydroxylation of chlorpropham at the 2′ or 4′ positions of the 5′ chlorinated benzene ring is not sufficient to render the compound nonphytotoxic in all plant systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1977.tb01485.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE KINETICS OF IgG AND IgM ANTIBODY-FORMING CELLS IN ACI AND F 344 RATS IMMUNIZED WITH POLY (Glu52Lys33Tyr15) (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 4 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cellular kinetics of antibody production in high and low responder rats immunized with poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15) or with poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15)/MeBSA were characterized: serum antibody and IgG and IgM antibody-forming cells in the spleen and in selected lymph nodes were assayed in male and female rats following immunization by several routes. Aggregation of the antigen with MeBSA enabled the poorly responding F344 rats to produce antibody, which was almost exclusively IgG. High responder ACI rats, under the same conditions, produced antibody of both IgG and IgM classes. These data suggest that in low responders one defect, possibly at the T-cell level, can be overcome by aggregation but that a second defect, involving the regulation of IgM production, still exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1977.tb00622.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE AVIDITY OF IgM ANTIBODY IN HIGH AND LOW RESPONDER RATS (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 4 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study examined IgM antibody produced by highly responding ACI and poorly responding F344 rats following immunization with poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15) or poly(Glu32Lys33Tyr15) aggregated with methylated bovine serum albumin (MeBSA). The ACI rats produced both IgM and IgG plaque-forming cells (PFC) following immunization with either form of antigen. The F344 rats did not respond to unaggregated poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15), but they produced significant amounts of IgG PFC and extremely small amounts of IgM PFC after immunization with poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15)/MeBSA. Both high and low responder rats had similar kinetic profiles of IgM antibody production, and this antibody had nearly identical avidity in both strains with no evidence for any maturation in avidity. thus, one of the genetic defects in the antibody response to poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15) is an inability of the F344 strain to produce large amounts of IgM in response to this antigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1977.tb00623.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organelle isolation and partial characterization from giant cells of Aspergillus niger (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 1 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1977.tb00578.x
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