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  • Articles  (27)
  • Data  (23)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (27)
  • Published Data from PANGAEA  (23)
  • 2005-2009  (37)
  • 1945-1949  (13)
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  • Articles  (27)
  • Data  (23)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method to calculate end-member thermodynamic properties of minerals from their constituent polyhedra I: enthalpy, entropy and molar volume (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 23 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The thermodynamic properties of silicate minerals can be described as a linear combination of the fractional properties of their constituent polyhedra. In contrast, given the thermodynamic properties of these polyhedra, the thermodynamic properties of minerals can be estimated, where only the crystallography of the mineral needs to be known. Such estimates are especially powerful for hypothetical mineral end-members or for minerals where experimental determination of their thermodynamic properties is difficult. In this contribution the fractional enthalpy, entropy and molar volume for 35 polyhedra have been determined using weighted multiple linear regression analysis on a data set of published mineral thermodynamic properties. The large number of polyhedra determined, allows calculation of a much larger variety of phases than was previously possible and the larger set of minerals used provides more confident fractional properties. The OH-bearing minerals have been described by partial and total hydroxide coordinated components, which gives better results than previous models and precludes the need of a S–V term to improve estimates of entropy. However, the fractional thermodynamic properties only give adequate results for silicate minerals and double oxides, and should therefore not be used to estimate the properties of other minerals. The thermodynamic properties of ‘new’ minerals are calculated from a linear stoichiometric combination of their constituent polyhedra, resulting in estimates generally with associated uncertainty of 〈5%. The quality of such data appears to be of sufficient accuracy for thermodynamic modelling as shown for meta-bauxites from the Alps and the Aegean, where the effect of Zn on the P–T stability of staurolite can be both qualitatively and quantitatively reproduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00569.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method to calculate end-member thermodynamic properties of minerals from their constituent polyhedra II: heat capacity, compressibility and thermal expansion (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 23 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Thermodynamic calculations in petrology are generally performed at pressures and temperatures beyond the standard state conditions. Accurate prediction of mineral equilibria therefore requires knowledge of the heat capacity, thermal expansion and compressibility for the minerals involved. Unfortunately, such data are not always available. In this contribution we present a data set to estimate the heat capacity, thermal expansion and compressibility of mineral end-members from their constituent polyhedra, based on the premise that the thermodynamic properties of minerals can be described by a linear combination of the fractional properties of their constituents. As such, only the crystallography of the phase of interest needs to be known. This approach is especially powerful for hypothetical mineral end-members and for minerals, for which the experimental determination of their thermodynamic properties is difficult. The data set consists of the properties for 35 polyhedra in the system K–Na–Ca–Li–Be–Mg–Mn–Fe–Co–Ni–Zn–Al–Ti–Si–H, determined by multiple linear regression analysis on a data set of 111 published end-member thermodynamic properties. The large number of polyhedra determined allows calculation of a much larger variety of phases than was previously possible, and the choice of constituents together with the large number of thermodynamic input data results in estimates with associated uncertainty of generally 〈5%. The quality of the data appears to be sufficiently accurate for thermodynamic modelling as demonstrated by modelling the stability of margarite in the CASH system and the position of the talc–staurolite–chloritoid–pyrope absent invariant point in the KMASH system. In both cases, our results overlap within error with published equivalents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00603.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introducing Transparency into the Oil Industry . The Quest for EITI (2005)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Global jurist 4.2005, 3, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1934-2640
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It is now well accepted that far from being a positive, possessing an oil industry generally has a negative effect on developing countries. 'Resource curse', 'paradox of plenty' and 'Dutch Curse' are related theories explaining oils pernicious effect on economic development. The consensus has emerged that transparency is a key requirement for sterilizing oils propensity to harm developing countries. Momentum to introduce transparency into the international oil industry has increased over the last two years, starting with the signing of the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI) in July 2002; this is an agreement among state parties to 'work together voluntarily to develop a framework to promote transparency of payments and revenues'. Other recent developments include the EU amending the 'Transparency Obligations Directive', and introduction into the US senate of two bills to tackle the problem of corruption in oil producing developing states. This convergence of thinking raises the possibility that a new international legal orthodoxy regarding the responsibility to transparency may be evolving.However, while there is a consensus on the necessity of transparency, a pluralistic contest between a 'Publish What You Pay' civil society movement wanting EITI to be mandatory, and the international oil TNCs, which wants industry self regulation, is still being waged. Oil TNCs maintain that modality problems over contract sanctity and the inability of international economic law to provide for a globally level playing field preclude a mandatory approach. The oil TNC's arguments' also stem from a fear of an international liability being created if EITI was to morph into international hard law. This seeming impasse is illustrative of an imbalance in the dichotomy of international economic law, as TNCs gain increasing rights without incurring any of the reciprocal responsibilities that constitute a legal system. However, insiders in the international oil industry also admit that 'larger forces at work' are driving the introduction of transparency into the international resource industries. In this essay I will utilize interactional legal theory to both explain these 'larger forces' and to analyze the efforts of the PWYP coalition in terms of 'norm articulation' and legal regime creation. The essay will also look at the symmetries of interactional legal theory and the institutional economics of Terry Lynn Karl's 'Paradox of Plenty' thesis. Finally the essay will offer a potential treaty solution, combining mandatory and voluntary measures, and examine if the nascent conditions for a customary international law regarding transparency are forming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/gj/advances/vol4/iss3/art2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaccine leads to memory loss (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 248-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Can a vaccine be 'too efficient'? Can it provide such a strong stimulus to the immune system that the response is ultimately abortive rather than productive? In this issue, Berner et al. use mouse models to show that a widely heralded approach to vaccine adjuvants, targeting of the CD40 receptor, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0307-248
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapid and potent DNA vaccination strategy defined by in vivo monitoring of antigen expression (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 11 (2005), S. 899-904 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Induction of immunity after DNA vaccination is generally considered a slow process. Here we show that DNA delivery to the skin results in a highly transient pulse of antigen expression. Based on this information, we developed a new rapid and potent intradermal DNA vaccination method. By ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1264
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome-wide association study of prostate cancer identifies a second risk locus at 8q24 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 39 (2007), S. 645-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Recently, common variants on human chromosome 8q24 were found to be associated with prostate cancer risk. While conducting a genome-wide association study in the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility project with 550,000 SNPs in a nested case-control study (1,172 cases and 1,157 controls of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng2022
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and use of conditional MHC class I ligands (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 12 (2006), S. 246-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules associate with a variety of peptide ligands during biosynthesis and present these ligands on the cell surface for recognition by cytotoxic T cells. We have designed conditional MHC ligands that form stable complexes with MHC molecules but ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1360
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recognition of helical kinks by xeroderma pigmentosum group A protein triggers DNA excision repair (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 13 (2006), S. 278-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The function of human XPA protein, a key subunit of the nucleotide excision repair pathway, has been examined with site-directed substitutions in its putative DNA-binding cleft. After screening for repair activity in a host-cell reactivation assay, we analyzed mutants by comparing their affinities ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1061
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COHERENT ACCEPTABILITY MEASURES IN MULTIPERIOD MODELS (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Mathematical finance 15 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The framework of coherent risk measures has been introduced by Artzner et al. (1999; Math. Finance 9, 203–228) in a single-period setting. Here, we investigate a similar framework in a multiperiod context. We add an axiom of dynamic consistency to the standard coherence axioms, and obtain a representation theorem in terms of collections of multiperiod probability measures that satisfy a certain product property. This theorem is similar to results obtained by Epstein and Schneider (2003; J. Econ. Theor. 113, 1–31) and Wang (2003; J. Econ. Theor. 108, 286–321) in a different axiomatic framework. We then apply our representation result to the pricing of derivatives in incomplete markets, extending results by Carr, Geman, and Madan (2001; J. Financial Econ. 32, 131–167) to the multiperiod case. We present recursive formulas for the computation of price bounds and corresponding optimal hedges. When no shortselling constraints are present, we obtain a recursive formula for price bounds in terms of martingale measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.2005.00252.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segrosome structure revealed by a complex of ParR with centromere DNA (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1268-1271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The stable inheritance of genetic material depends on accurate DNA partition. Plasmids serve as tractable model systems to study DNA segregation because they require only a DNA centromere, a centromere-binding protein and a force-generating ATPase. The centromeres of partition (par) systems ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06392
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