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  • Articles  (31)
  • Open Access-Papers  (31)
  • ASFA_2015::O::Oceanography
  • Caribbean
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  • 2020-2023  (29)
  • 2010-2014  (2)
  • 1965-1969
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  • Articles  (31)
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  • 1
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    Moored turbulence measurements using pulse-coherent doppler sonar (2022)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-10
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society , 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Zippel, S. F., Farrar, J. T., Zappa, C. J., Miller, U., St Laurent, L., Ijichi, T., Weller, R. A., McRaven, L., Nylund, S., & Le Bel, D. Moored turbulence measurements using pulse-coherent doppler sonar. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 38(9), (2021): 1621–1639, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-21-0005.1.
    Description: Upper-ocean turbulence is central to the exchanges of heat, momentum, and gases across the air–sea interface and therefore plays a large role in weather and climate. Current understanding of upper-ocean mixing is lacking, often leading models to misrepresent mixed layer depths and sea surface temperature. In part, progress has been limited by the difficulty of measuring turbulence from fixed moorings that can simultaneously measure surface fluxes and upper-ocean stratification over long time periods. Here we introduce a direct wavenumber method for measuring turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rates ϵ from long-enduring moorings using pulse-coherent ADCPs. We discuss optimal programming of the ADCPs, a robust mechanical design for use on a mooring to maximize data return, and data processing techniques including phase-ambiguity unwrapping, spectral analysis, and a correction for instrument response. The method was used in the Salinity Processes Upper-Ocean Regional Study (SPURS) to collect two year-long datasets. We find that the mooring-derived TKE dissipation rates compare favorably to estimates made nearby from a microstructure shear probe mounted to a glider during its two separate 2-week missions for O(10−8) ≤ ϵ ≤ O(10−5) m2 s−3. Periods of disagreement between turbulence estimates from the two platforms coincide with differences in vertical temperature profiles, which may indicate that barrier layers can substantially modulate upper-ocean turbulence over horizontal scales of 1–10 km. We also find that dissipation estimates from two different moorings at 12.5 and at 7 m are in agreement with the surface buoyancy flux during periods of strong nighttime convection, consistent with classic boundary layer theory.
    Description: This work was funded by NASA as part of the Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS), supporting field work for SPURS-1 (NASA Grant NNX11AE84G), for SPURS-2 (NASA Grant NNX15AG20G), and for analysis (NASA Grant 80NSSC18K1494). Funding for early iterations of this project associated with the VOCALS project and Stratus 9 mooring was provided by NSF (Awards 0745508 and 0745442). Additional funding was provided by ONR Grant N000141812431 and NSF Award 1756839. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station is funded by the Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (CPO FundRef Number 100007298), through the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR) under Cooperative Agreement NA14OAR4320158. Microstructure measurements made from the glider were supported by NSF (Award 1129646).
    Keywords: Ocean ; Turbulence ; Atmosphere-ocean interaction ; Boundary layer ; Oceanic mixed layer ; In situ oceanic observations
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
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    Accuracy of wind observations from open-ocean buoys: correction for flow distortion (2020)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of [publisher] for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Schlundt, M., Farrar, J. T., Bigorre, S. P., Plueddemann, A. J., & Weller, R. A. (2020). Accuracy of wind observations from open-ocean buoys: correction for flow distortion. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 37(4), 687-703, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-19-0132.1.
    Description: The comparison of equivalent neutral winds obtained from (i) four WHOI buoys in the subtropics and (ii) scatterometer estimates at those locations reveals a root-mean-square (RMS) difference of 0.56–0.76 m s−1. To investigate this RMS difference, different buoy wind error sources were examined. These buoys are particularly well suited to examine two important sources of buoy wind errors because 1) redundant anemometers and a comparison with numerical flow simulations allow us to quantitatively assess flow distortion errors, and 2) 1-min sampling at the buoys allows us to examine the sensitivity of buoy temporal sampling/averaging in the buoy–scatterometer comparisons. The interanemometer difference varies as a function of wind direction relative to the buoy wind vane and is consistent with the effects of flow distortion expected based on numerical flow simulations. Comparison between the anemometers and scatterometer winds supports the interpretation that the interanemometer disagreement, which can be up to 5% of the wind speed, is due to flow distortion. These insights motivate an empirical correction to the individual anemometer records and subsequent comparison with scatterometer estimates show good agreement.
    Description: We gratefully acknowledge the help of three anonymous reviewers, whose input greatly improved the paper. In particular, one reviewer pointed out a mistake in our initial interpretation of scatterometer stability, which was corrected in the final manuscript. JTF and MS were supported by NASA Grant NNX14AM71G (International Ocean Vector Winds Science Team). The SPURS observations were supported by NASA (Grants NNX11AE84G, NNX15AG20G, and 80NSSC18K1494). The Stratus, NTAS, and WHOTS ocean reference stations (ORS) are long-term surface moorings deployed as part of the OceanSITES (http://www.oceansites.org) component of the Global Ocean Observing System, and are supported by NOAA’s Climate Program Office’s Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division, as are RAW, AJP, and SPB through the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR) under Cooperative Agreement NA14OAR4320158 with NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) (FundRef No. 100007298). The technical staff of the UOP Group at WHOI and the crews of NOAA and UNOLS vessels have been essential to the successful long-term maintenance of the ORS.
    Keywords: Ocean ; Wind ; Buoy observations ; Remote sensing
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Recommendations for plankton measurements on OceanSITES moorings with relevance to other observing sites (2022)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Boss, E., Waite, A., Karstensen, J., Trull, T., Muller-Karger, F., Sosik, H., Uitz, J., Acinas, S., Fennel, K., Berman-Frank, I., Thomalla, S., Yamazaki, H., Batten, S., Gregori, G., Richardson, A., & Wanninkhof, R. Recommendations for plankton measurements on OceanSITES moorings with relevance to other observing sites. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, (2022): 929436, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.929436.
    Description: Measuring plankton and associated variables as part of ocean time-series stations has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of ocean biology and ecology and their ties to ocean biogeochemistry. It will open temporal scales (e.g., resolving diel cycles) not typically sampled as a function of depth. In this review we motivate the addition of biological measurements to time-series sites by detailing science questions they could help address, reviewing existing technology that could be deployed, and providing examples of time-series sites already deploying some of those technologies. We consider here the opportunities that exist through global coordination within the OceanSITES network for long-term (climate) time series station in the open ocean. Especially with respect to data management, global solutions are needed as these are critical to maximize the utility of such data. We conclude by providing recommendations for an implementation plan.
    Description: This work was partially supported from funding to SCOR WG 154 (P-OBS) provided by national committees of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and from a grant to SCOR from the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE-1840868). FM-K acknowledges the support provided for participation by the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) sponsored by NASA, NOAA, ONR, BOEM. HS acknowledges support from the Simons Foundation.
    Keywords: Plankton ; Ocean ; Measurements ; Sensors ; OceanSITES ; Ocean biology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    LaSER Oceanography: Data Report Number 4, R/V Pelican Cruise, September 20-27, 1989, CTD and Hydrographic Data (2022)
    Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium | Chauvin, LA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: This five year multi-institutional and multi-investigator program is entitled "Oceanographic Processes on Continental Shelves Influenced by Large Rivers." Funding began in January, 1987. The scientific goals of this program are a) investigations on a large spatial scale, from the Mississippi River delta to some far field (down-plume) location, to examine biological responses to riverine inputs of dissolved nutrients, suspended sediments, and fresh water; b) investigations on small spatial scales, both horizontally and vertically, in a cross plume direction to examine the role of oceanographic fronts, convergences, and discontinuities in biological production; and c) investigations on small temporal scales, particularly to examine the biological responses to the passage of winter storms. This report summarizes the CTD and hydrographic data from the fourth LaSER oceanography cruise, for the Mississippi River plume region west of the delta.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanography ; ASFA_2015::C::CTD measurements
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 99pp.
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  • 5
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    Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity (NECOP): Data Report: CTD and Hydrographic Data, R/V Pelican Cruise, May 5-17, 1992. (2022)
    Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium | Chauvin, LA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: The Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity (NECOP) Program is a component of NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program. The central hypothesis of this research is: anthropogenic nutrient inputs have enhanced coastal ocean productivity with subsequent impacts on coastal ocean water quality, living resource yields, and the global marine carbon cycle. The initial study area for this program is the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Outflow and adjacent Louisiana shelf region. The focus of this cruise, P26-92, was on water column processes particularly phytoplankton, bacterial, and zooplankton processes as they relate to particulate flux. To accomplish these objectives we visited the plume region, the hypoxia region and a blue water region well offshore. In each region, the surface water was initially characterized by use of a flow-through mapping system aboard the vessel Pelican, the MIDAS system. In addition an ADCP system was deployed during portions of the cruise. Within the plume and hypoxia regions, work was accomplished while following free floating sediment traps over 48 hour periods. In addition to routine hydrographic sampling (CTD, nutrients, chlorophyll, suspended particulate matter) experimental measurements of phytoplankton production, bacterial production, zooplankton biomass and zooplankton feeding rates were made at appropriate intervals while tracking the sediment traps. This report summarizes the CTD and basic hydrographic measurements made during the cruise.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanography ; ASFA_2015::C::CTD measurements
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 200
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  • 6
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    LaSER Oceanography: Data Report Number 6, R/V Pelican Cruise, October 23-29, 1990, CTD and Hydrographic Data (2022)
    Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium | Chauvin, LA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: This five year multi-institutional and multi-investigator program is entitled "Oceanographic Processes on Continental Shelves Influenced by Large Rivers." Funding began in January, 1987. The scientific goals of this program are a) investigations on a large spatial scale, from the Mississippi River delta to some far field (down-plume) location, to examine biological responses to riverine inputs of dissolved nutrients, suspended sediments, and fresh water; b) investigations on small spatial scales, both horizontally and vertically, in a cross plume direction to examine the role of oceanographic fronts, convergences, and discontinuities in biological production; and c) investigations on small temporal scales, particularly to examine the biological responses to the passage of winter storms. This report summarizes the CTD and hydrographic data from the sixth LaSER oceanography cruise, for the Mississippi River plume region west of the delta.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanography ; ASFA_2015::C::CTD measurements
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 121
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  • 7
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    Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity (NECOP) Data Report: CTD and Hydrographic Data, R/V Pelican Cruise, September 12-18, 1991 (2022)
    Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium | Chauvin, LA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: The Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity (NECOP) Program is a component of NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program. The central hypothesis of this research is: Anthropogenic nutrient inputs have enhanced coastal ocean productivity with subsequent impacts on coastal ocean water quality, living resource yields, and the global marine carbon cycle. The initial study area for this program is the mississippi/Atchafalaya River Outflow and adjacent Louisiana shelf region. NECOP cruises I and II were in July/August 1990 and March 1991. The focus of this cruise, NECOP III, was on water column processes particularly phytoplankton, bacterial, and zooplankton processes as they relate to particulate flux. To accomplish these objectives we visited the plume region, the hypoxia region and a blue water region well offshore. In each region, the surface water was initially characterized by use of a flow-through mapping system aboard the vessel PELICAN, the MIDAS system. In addition an ADCP system was deployed with a different frequency being selected for each region. The high Frequency (1200 khz) transducer was used in the plume region, the mid-frequency (600 khz) transducer in the hypoxia region and the low frequency (300 khz) system in the offshore region. Within the plume and hypoxia regions, work was accomplished while following free floating sediment traps over 36-48 hour periods. In addition to routine hydrographic sampling (CTD, nutrients, chlorophyll, suspended particulate matter) experimental measurements of phytoplankton production, bacterial production, phosphorus uptake and turnover, zooplankton biomass and zooplankton feeding rates were made at appropriate intervals while tracking the sediment traps. This report summarizes the CTD and basic hydrographic measurements made during the cruise.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanography ; ASFA_2015::C::CTD measurements
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 135
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  • 8
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    Towards a better understanding of microbial carbon flux in the sea (2011)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Aquatic Microbial Ecology 53 (2008): 21-38, doi:10.3354/ame01230.
    Description: We now have a relatively good idea of how bulk microbial processes shape the cycling of organic matter and nutrients in the sea. The advent of the molecular biology era in microbial ecology has resulted in advanced knowledge about the diversity of marine microorganisms, suggesting that we might have reached a high level of understanding of carbon fluxes in the oceans. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that there are large gaps in the understanding of the role of bacteria in regulating carbon fluxes. These gaps may result from methodological as well as conceptual limitations. For example, should bacterial production be measured in the light? Can bacterial production conversion factors be predicted, and how are they affected by loss of tracers through respiration? Is it true that respiration is relatively constant compared to production? How can accurate measures of bacterial growth efficiency be obtained? In this paper, we discuss whether such questions could (or should) be addressed. Ongoing genome analyses are rapidly widening our understanding of possible metabolic pathways and cellular adaptations used by marine bacteria in their quest for resources and struggle for survival (e.g. utilization of light, acquisition of nutrients, predator avoidance, etc.). Further, analyses of the identity of bacteria using molecular markers (e.g. subgroups of Bacteria and Archaea) combined with activity tracers might bring knowledge to a higher level. Since bacterial growth (and thereby consumption of DOC and inorganic nutrients) is likely regulated differently in different bacteria, it will be critical to learn about the life strategies of the key bacterial species to achieve a comprehensive understanding of bacterial regulation of C fluxes. Finally, some processes known to occur in the microbial food web are hardly ever characterized and are not represented in current food web models. We discuss these issues and offer specific comments and advice for future research agendas.
    Description: Our work was supported by the following grants: NSF grant 0217282 (H.D.), Spanish MEC grant MODIVUS (J.M.G.), the Swedish Science Council (J.P.), the IEO time-series RADIALES programme (X.A.G.M.), the Earth and Life Science Division of the Dutch Science Foundation, ARCHIMEDES project, #835.20.023 (G.J.H.).
    Keywords: Carbon flux ; Microbial ecology ; Ocean ; Bacteria ; Protists ; Light ; Genomics ; Chemoautotrophy ; Models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 9
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    Fish abundance and foraging rates by family from point surveys within and outside of canopies at Lameshur Bay, St John, USVI, Feb- Mar 2016 (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Dataset: Fish abundance: canopy effect fish assemblage
    Description: Fish abundance and foraging rates by family from point surveys within and outside of canopies at Lameshur Bay, St John, USVI in February and March 2016. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/826193
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1332915, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1756381
    Keywords: Grazing impacts ; Restoration ; Ecosystem engineers ; Ecosystem services ; Canopy effect ; Gorgonian ; Fish nursery ; Caribbean ; Habitat-structure
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 10
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    Vertical structure of dissipation in the nearshore (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 37 (2007): 1764-1777, doi:10.1175/jpo3098.1.
    Description: The vertical structure of the dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy was observed in the nearshore region (3.2-m mean water depth) with a tripod of three acoustic Doppler current meters off a sandy ocean beach. Surface and bottom boundary layer dissipation scaling concepts overlap in this region. No depth-limited wave breaking occurred at the tripod, but wind-induced whitecapping wave breaking did occur. Dissipation is maximum near the surface and minimum at middepth, with a secondary maximum near the bed. The observed dissipation does not follow a surfzone scaling, nor does it follow a “log layer” surface or bottom boundary layer scaling. At the upper two current meters, dissipation follows a modified deep-water breaking-wave scaling. Vertical shear in the mean currents is negligible and shear production magnitude is much less than dissipation, implying that the vertical diffusion of turbulence is important. The increased near-bed secondary dissipation maximum results from a decrease in the turbulent length scale.
    Description: Funding was provided by NSF and ONR.
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Kinetic energy ; Ocean
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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