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  • Articles  (26)
  • Open Access-Papers  (26)
  • Elsevier  (17)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Wiley
  • 2020-2022  (26)
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  • Articles  (26)
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  • 1
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    Arctic Sea Ice in CMIP6 (2020)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-04
    Description: We examine CMIP6 simulations of Arctic sea‐ice area and volume. We find that CMIP6 models produce a wide spread of mean Arctic sea‐ice area, capturing the observational estimate within the multi‐model ensemble spread. The CMIP6 multi‐model ensemble mean provides a more realistic estimate of the sensitivity of September Arctic sea‐ice area to a given amount of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and to a given amount of global warming, compared with earlier CMIP experiments. Still, most CMIP6 models fail to simulate at the same time a plausible evolution of sea‐ice area and of global mean surface temperature. In the vast majority of the available CMIP6 simulations, the Arctic Ocean becomes practically sea‐ice free (sea‐ice area 〈 1 million km2) in September for the first time before the year 2050 in each of the four emission scenarios SSP1‐1.9, SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 examined here.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    SoilTemp: a global database of near‐surface temperature (2020)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, Wiley, ISSN: 1354-1013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-22
    Description: Current analyses and predictions of spatially‐explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long‐term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate‐forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing, or cold‐air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free‐air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near‐surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near‐surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently this database contains time series from 7538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way towards an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
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  • 3
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    Subduction-related enrichment of the Neapolitan volcanoes (Southern Italy) mantle source: New constraints on the characteristics of the slab-derived components (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: The Neapolitan volcanic area (Southern Italy), which includes the Phlegrean Volcanic District and the Somma– Vesuvius complex, has been the site of intense Plio-Quaternary magmatic activity and has produced volcanic rocks with a subduction-related geochemical and isotopic signature. High-Mg, K-basaltic lithic lava fragments dispersed within hydromagmatic tuff of the Solchiaro eruption (Procida Island) provide constraints on the nature and role of both the mantle source prior to enrichment and the subduction-related components. The geochemical data (Nb/Yb, Nb/Y, Zr/Hf) indicate a pre-enrichment source similar to that of enriched MORB mantle. In order to constrain the characteristics of subducted slab-derived components added to this mantle sector, new geochemical and Sr–Nd-isotopic data have been acquired on meta-sediments and pillow lavas from Timpa delle Murge ophiolites. These represent fragments of Tethyan oceanic crust (basalts and sediments) obducted during the Apennine orogeny, and may be similar to sediments subducted during the closure of the Tethys Ocean. Based on trace element compositions (e.g., Th/Nd, Nb/Th, Yb/Th and Ba/Th) and Nd-isotopic ratio, we hypothesize the addition of several distinct subducted slab-derived components to the mantle wedge: partial melts from shales and limestones, and aqueous fluids from shales, but the most important contribution is provided by melts from pelitic sediments. Also, trace elements and Sr–Nd-isotopic ratios seem to rule out a significant role for altered oceanic crust. Modeling based on variations of trace elements and isotopic ratios indicates that the pre-subduction mantle source of the Phlegrean Volcanic District and Somma–Vesuvius was enriched by 2–4% of subducted slab-derived components. This enrichment event might have stabilized amphibole and/or phlogopite in the mantle source. 6% degree of partial melting of a phlogopite-bearing enriched source, occurring initially in the garnet stability field and then in the spinel stability field can generate a melt with trace elements and Sr– Nd-isotopic features matching those of high-Mg, K-basalts of Procida Island. Furthermore, 2% partial melting of the same enriched source can reproduce the trace elements and isotopic features of the most primitive magmas of Somma–Vesuvius, subsequently modified by assimilation of continental crust during fractional crystallization processes at mid-lower depth. Combined trace element and Sr–Nd isotope modeling constrains the age of the enrichment event to 45 Ma ago, suggesting that the Plio-Quaternary magmatism of the Neapolitan area is postorogenic, and related to the subduction of oceanic crust belonging to the Tethys Ocean
    Description: Published
    Description: 165-183
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Neapolitan volcanic area ; Phlegrean Volcanic District ; Somma–Vesuvius complex ; Basilicata ophiolites
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    DOMOIC acid, Pseudo-nitzschia spp and potential vectors at the base of the pelagic food web over the northern Patagonian coast, Southwestern Atlantic (2020)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier, 212, pp. 103448, ISSN: 09247963
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-01
    Description: Plankton composition and density, and domoic acid (DA) content in microplankton and mesozooplankton were assessed over the northern Patagonian coastal shelf in late austral summer 2013. Maximum values of DA in these two plankton fractions as well as maximum densities of both Pseudo-nitzschia spp. (mainly the toxigenic P. australis) and DA potential vectors were only detected on the southern coast of San Matías Gulf and the eastern coast of Valdés Peninsula. In this zone, waters were characterized by low temperature, high nitrate, and intermediate values of silicic acid and phosphate. Based on the high association between the DA values recorded and the values of either micro- and mesozooplankton grazer density or biomass, we inferred that DA transfer from Pseudo-nitzschia spp. occurred largely through the small copepods Euterpina acutifrons and Oithona nana, Calanidae nauplii and Calanidae copepodites, Noctiluca scintillans, and euphausiid developmental stages. Small copepods, Calanidae nauplii and copepodites, and cladocerans were proposed as novel DA vectors although this suggestion requires experimental confirmation. This study provides the first lines of evidence of the co-occurrence of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms with DA production and accumulation in mesozooplanktonic grazers at the base of the food web and of the environmental and oceanographic conditions that seem to favor these processes over the northern Patagonian shelf coasts.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Biogenic formation of amorphous carbon by anaerobic methanotrophs and select methanogens (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    In:  EPIC3Science advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 7(44), pp. eabg9739
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-05
    Description: Elemental carbon exists in different structural forms including graphite, diamond, fullerenes, and amorphous carbon. In nature, these materials are produced through abiotic chemical processes under high temperature and pressure but are considered generally inaccessible to biochemical synthesis or breakdown. Here, we identified and characterized elemental carbon isolated from consortia of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which together carry out the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Two different AOM consortia, ANME-1a/HotSeep-1 and ANME-2a/c/Seep-SRB, produce a black material with similar characteristics to disordered graphite and amorphous carbon. Stable isotope probing studies revealed that the carbon is microbially generated during AOM. In addition, we found that select methanogens also produce amorphous carbon with similar characteristics to the carbon from AOM consortia. Biogenic amorphous carbon may serve as a conductive element to facilitate electron transfer, or redox active functional groups associated with the carbon could act as electron donors and acceptors.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 6
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    Reply to the “Comment on “The May 1 20 (MW 6.1) and 29 (MW 6.0), 2012, Emilia (Po Plain, northern Italy) earthquakes: New seismotectonic implications from subsurface geology and high-quality hypocenter location” by Carannante et al., 2015” by Bonini L., et al (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: In their comments Bonini et al. argue that our seismotectonic interpretation of the Emilia 2012 seismic sequence does not agree with observations, and follow three lines of arguments to support their statement. These concern the structural interpretation of seismic reflection profiles, the relationship between seismogenic sources and seismicity patterns, and the fit of inferred fault geometry to InSAR observations. These lines of arguments are mostly repeating what has been previously presented by the same authors, and none of them, as discussed in detail in our reply, presents a strong case against our structural interpretation, that, we are convinced, does not conflict with the available data. The two adjacent rupture surfaces outlined by accurately relocated aftershocks are an indication of the presence of two different active fault planes. Interpretation of seismic profiles supports seismological observation and indicates the occurrence of relevant along-strike changes in structural style. These pieces of information have been integrated to build a new seismotectonic interpretation for the area of the Emilia 2012 seismic sequence. Analysis of geodetic data from the area of the Emilia earthquakes has produced very different models of the fault planes; unlike what has been stated by Bonini et al., who see a difficult fit to InSAR data for the fault planes we have identified, the most recent results are consistent with our interpretation that see a steep fault in the upper 8–10 km under the Mirandola anticline. We point out that the geological structures in the subsurface of the Ferrara Arc do change along strike, and the attempt of Bonini et al. to explain both the May 20 and May 29 sequences using a single cross section is not appropriate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 157-162
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Measurements from ground and balloons during APE-GAIA – A polar ozone library (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: Many long-term monitoring sites in Antarctic regions, which deploy ground-based stratospheric remote sensors and fly radiosondes or ozonesondes on balloons, supported the Airborne Polar Experiment in September and October 1999. Support consisted of supplying data to the campaign in real time, and in some cases by increasing the frequency of measurements during the campaign. The results will strengthen scientific conclusions from the airborne measurements. But results from these sites are allowing important scientific studies of new aspects of the ozone hole in their own right, because like the aircraft and its campaign, many sites traverse the vortex edge and are close to the largest source of lee waves, or measure infrequently observed trace gases such as HNO3. Examples of such studies are the behaviour and value of NO2 in midwinter, ozone filamentation with no apparent horizontal advection, the frequency and amplitude of gravity waves over the Antarctic Peninsula, mixing in the lowest stratosphere in Antarctic spring, the mechanism and frequency of HNO3 enhancement above the ozone peak in midwinter, and trends in UV dose in southern South America.
    Description: Published
    Description: 835–845
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: ozone depletion ; APE-GAIA ; Antarctic stratosphere ; 01.01. Atmosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Integrated use of unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning to support archaeological analysis: The Acropolis of Selinunte case (Sicily, Italy) (2021)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-14
    Description: Southwestern Sicily is an area of infrequent seismic activity; however, some studies carried out in the archaeological Selinunte site suggest that, between the fourth century BC and the early Middle Ages, probably at least two earthquakes strucked this area with enough energy to damage and cause the collapse and kinematics of much of the architecture of Selinunte. Take into account that, in 2008, a noninvasive archaeological prospection and traditional data gathering methods along the Acropolis north fortifications were carried out. Following these first studies, after about 10 years, a new geophysical campaign was carried out. This second campaign benefited from the application of modern technologies for the acquisition and processing of the point cloud data on the northern part of the Acropolis, like terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry. In this paper, we present the application of these techniques and a strategy for their integration for the 3D modelling of buildings and cultural heritages. We show how the integration of data acquired independently by these two techniques is an added value able to overcome the intrinsic limits of the individual techniques. The application to Selinunte's Acropolis allowed it to highlight and measure with high accuracy fractures, dislocation, inclinations of walls, depressions of some areas and other interesting observations, which may be important starting points for future investigations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 153-165
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 3D reconstruction ; archaeological survey ; digital elevation model ; Selinunte Archaeological Park ; terrestrial laser scanning ; unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 05.02. Data dissemination ; 05.06. Methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Can an impulsive variation of the solar wind plasma pressure trigger a plasma bubble? A case study based on CSES, Swarm and THEMIS data (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: During the August 25, 2018 geomagnetic storm, the new borne CSES-01 satellite and the Swarm A satellite detected a really large equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) in the post-midnight sector over western Africa. We investigated the features of this deep ionospheric plasma depletion using data from the Langmuir probes on-board CSES-01 and Swarm A satellites, and data from the high-precision magnetometer and the electric field detector instruments on-board CSES-01. Using also plasma and magnetic field data from THEMIS-E satellite we found that, during the passage of the magnetic cloud that drove the geomagnetic storm, an impulsive variation lasting about ten minutes characterized the solar wind (SW) pressure. The analysis of the delay time, between the occurrence of such impulsive variation and the detection of the plasma bubble, suggests a possible link between the SW pressure impulsive variation as identified by THEMIS-E and the generation of the EPB as detected by CSES-01 and Swarm A. We put forward the hypothesis that the SW pressure impulsive variation might have triggered an eastward prompt penetrating electric field that propagated from high to equatorial latitudes, overlapping in the nightside region to the zonal westward electric field, causing either a reduction or an inversion, at the base of the EPB triggering.
    Description: Published
    Description: 35-45
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: 5IT. Osservazioni satellitari
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Combined Sr-Nd isotopic and geochemical fingerprinting as a tool for identifying tephra layers: Application to deep-sea cores from Eastern Mediterranean Sea (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-15
    Description: Tephra layers from six deep-sea cores, recovered between the Ionian and the Aegean Seas, and covering a time span between ~ 102 and ~ 8.2 ka BP, were investigated with the aim of identifying their volcanic source. The stratigraphic position of each tephra layer defined by means of nannofossil biostratigraphy and occurrence of sapropel layers was integrated with a thorough geochemical characterization of glass shards based on major oxides and trace elements content, and Sr-Nd isotope ratios. Major oxides composition permitted their subdivision into three groups (K-trachyte, peralkaline rhyolite, andesite), confirmed by Principal Component Analysis on trace elements data. Primordial mantle-normalized trace elements distribution patterns allowed for precise identification of the geochemical affinity and geodynamical setting of each group. Although the Sr isotopic composition of some investigated tephras was deeply affected by seawater alteration as expected, the 143Nd/144Nd values discriminate well the three groups of tephras in combination with major oxides and trace elements data. Therefore, La/Yb and Th/Y vs. 143Nd/144Nd discrimination diagrams are proposed for identification of potential volcanic sources active in the 102–8.2 ka BP time span in the Eastern Mediterranean area for unknown tephras.The obtained results have permitted the attribution of six K-trachytic tephras to the Y-5 stratigraphic marker (Campanian Ignimbrite eruption of Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy, ~ 39 ka BP), and two pantelleritic (= peralkaline rhyolite) tephras to the Y-6 stratigraphic marker (Green Tuff eruption of Pantelleria Island, Sicily Channel, ~ 46 ka BP). The andesitic tephra, stratigraphically constrained between ~ 39 and ~ 83–102 ka BP, might correspond to the X-1 stratigraphic marker, found in several deep-sea cores of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, although its attribution is still debated in the literature. On the basis of trace elements content, supported by Sr-Nd isotopic features, it is here hypothesized that this tephra could be related to a volcanic source located in the Aegean Sea area, probably the island of Santorini. More generally, this study demonstrates that the combination of Sr-Nd isotopic with major oxide and trace element geochemical fingerprinting on selected and purified glass shards is a very effective tool for identifying nature and source of doubtful tephra layers.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121-136
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tephrostratigraphy ; Eastern Mediterranean Sea ; Stratigraphic markers ; Geochemical fingerprints ; Sr-Nd isotopes ; Laser ablation ; inductively coupled plasma ; mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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