ALBERT

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:c 2006

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:2008

Note: Chapter 1. The Crystal chemistry of Sulfate Minerals by Frank C. Hawthorne, Servey V. Krivovichev, and Peter C. Burns, p. 1 - 112 Chapter 2. X-ray and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Sulfate in Earth Materials by Satish C. B. Myneni, p. 113 - 172 Chapter 3. Sulfate Minerals in Evaporite Deposits by Ronald J. Spencer, p. 173 - 192 Chapter 4. Barite-Celestine Geochemistry and Environments of Formation by Jeffrey S. Hanor, p. 193 - 276 Chapter 5. Precipitation and Dissolution of Alkaline Earth Sulfates: Kinetics and Surface Energy by A. Hina and G. H. Nancollas, p. 277 - 302 Chapter 6. Metal-sulfate Salts from Sulfide Mineral Oxidation by John L. Jambor, D. Kirk Nordstrom, and Charles N. Alpers, p. 303 - 350 Chapter 7. Iron and Aluminum Hydroxysulfates from Acid Sulfate Waters by J. M. Bigham and D. Kirk Nordstrom, p. 351 - 404 Chapter 8. Jarosites and Their Application in Hydrometallurgy by John E. Dutrizac and John L. Jambor, p. 405 - 452 Chapter 9. Alunite-Jarosite Crystallography, Thermodynamics, and Geochemistry by R. E. Stoffregen, C. N.. Alpers, and John L. Jambor, p. 453 - 480 Chapter 10. Solid-Solution Solubilities and Thermodynamics: Sulfates, Carbonates and Halides by Pierre Glynn, p. 481 - 512 Chapter 11. Predicting Sulfate-Mineral Solubility in Concentrated Waters by Carol Ptacek and David Blowes, p. 513 - 540 Chapter 12. Stable Isotope Systematics of Sulfate Minerals by Robert R. Seal, II, Charles N. Alpers, and Robert O. Rye, p. 541 - 602

Note: Chapter 1. Molecular Modeling in Mineralogy and Geochemistry by Randall T. Cygan, p. 1 - 36 Chapter 2. Simulating the Crystal Structures and Properties of Ionic Materials From Interatomic Potentials by Julian D. Gale, p. 37 - 62 Chapter 3. Application of Lattice Dynamics and Molecular Dynamics Techniques to Minerals and Their Surfaces by Steve C. Parker, Nora H. de Leeuw, Ekatarina Bourova, and David J. Cooke, p. 63 - 82 Chapter 4. Molecular Simulations of Liquid and Supercritical Water: Thermodynamics, Structure, and Hydrogen Bonding by Andrey G. Kalinichev, p. 83 - 130 Chapter 5. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Silicate Glasses and Glass Surfaces by Stephen H. Garofalini, p. 131 - 168 Chapter 6. Molecular Models of Surface Relaxation, Hydroxylation, and Surface Charging at Oxide-Water Interfaces by James R. Rustad, p. 169 - 198 Chapter 7. Structure and Reactivity of Semiconducting Mineral Surfaces: Convergence of Molecular Modeling and Experiment by Kevin M. Rosso, p. 199 - 272 Chapter 8. Quantum Chemistry and Classical Simulations of Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solutions by David M. Sherman, p. 273 - 318 Chapter 9. First Principles Theory of Mantle and Core Phases by Lars Stixrude, p. 319 - 344 Chapter 10. A Computational Quantum Chemical Study of the Bonded Interactions in Earth Materials and Structurally and Chemically Related Molecules by G. V. Gibbs, Monte B. Boisen, Jr., Lesa L. Beverly, and Kevin M. Rosso, p. 345 - 382 Chapter 11. Modeling the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Petroleum and Natural Gas Generation: A First Principles Approach by Yitian Xiao, p. 383 - 436 Chapter 12. Calculating the NMR Properties of Minerals, Glasses, and Aqueous Species by John D. Tossell, p. 437 - 458 Chapter 13. Interpretation of Vibrational Spectra Using Molecular Orbital Theory Calculations by James D. Kubicki, p. 459 - 484 Chapter 14. Molecular Orbital Modeling and Transition State Theory in Geochemistry by Mihali A. Felipe, Yitian Xiao, and James D. Kubicki, p. 485 - 531

Note: Chapter 1. Merging the Geological and Biological Sciences: An Integrated Approach to the Study of Mineral-Induced Pulmonary Diseases by George D. Guthrie, Jr. and Brooke T. Mossman, p. 1 - 6 Chapter 2. Rocks, Minerals, and a Dusty World by Cornelius Klein, p. 7 - 60 Chapter 3. Mineralogy of Amphiboles and 1:1 Layer Silicates by David R. Veblen and Ann G. Wylie, p. 61 - 138 Chapter 4. Mineralogy of Clay and Zeolite Dusts (Exclusive of 1:1 Layer Silicates) by David L. Bish and George D. Guthrie, Jr., p. 139 - 184 Chapter 5. Structure and Chemistry of Silica, Metal Oxides, and Phosphates by Peter J. Heaney and Jillian A. Banfield, p. 185 - 234 Chapter 6. Preparation and Purification of Mineral Dusts by Steve J. Chipera, George D. Guthrie, Jr., and David L. Bish, p. 235 - 250 Chapter 7. Mineral Characterization in Biological Studies by George D. Guthrie, Jr., p. 251 - 274 Chapter 8. Surface Chemistry, Structure, and Reactivity of Hazardous Mineral Dust by Michael F. Hochella, Jr., p. 275 - 308 Chapter 9. Limitations of the Stanton Hypothesis by Robert P. Nolan and Arthur M. Langer, p. 309 - 326 Chapter 10. The Surface Thermodynamic Properties of Silicates and Their Interactions with Biological Materials by Rossman F. Giese, Jr. and Carel J. van Oss, p. 327 - 346 Chapter 11. Epidemiology and Pathology of Asbestos-Related Diseases by Agnes B. Kane, p. 347 - 360 Chapter 12. Health Effects of Mineral Dusts Other Than Asbestos by Malcolm Ross, Robert P. Nolan, Arthur M. Langer, and W. Clark Cooper, p. 361 - 408 Chapter 13. Asbestos Lung Burden and Disease Patterns in Man by Andrew Churg, p. 409 - 426 Chapter 14. Defense Mechanisms Against Inhaled Particles and Associated Particle-Cell Interactions by Bruce E. Lehnert, p. 427 - 470 Chapter 15. In Vivo Assays to Evaluate the Pathogenic Effects of Minerals in Rodents by John M. G. Davis, p. 471 - 488 Chapter 16. In Vitro Evaluation of Mineral Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Activity by Kevin E. Driscoll, p. 489 - 512 Chapter 17. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Disease by Brooke T. Mossman, p. 513 - 522 Chapter 18. Biological Studies on the Carcinogenic Mechanisms of Quartz by Umberto Saffiotti, Lambert N. Daniel, Yan Mao, A. Olufemi Williams, M. Edward Kaighn, Nadera Ahmed, and Alan D. Knapton, p. 523 - 544 Chapter 19. Regulatory Approaches to Reduce Human Health Risks Associated with Exposures to Mineral Fibers by V. T. Vu, p. 545 - 554

Note: Contents: 1 Global Distribution of Lakes / M. MEYBECK. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Background Material and Approaches to Global Lake Census. - 2.1 Data Used. - 2.2 Approaches to Global Lake Census. - 3 General Laws of Lake Distribution. - 3.1 Lake Density . - 3.2 Limnic Ratio. - 4 Distribution of Lakes of Tectonic Origin. - 5 Lakes of Glacial Origin. - 5.1 Lake Densities. - 5.2 Global Deglaciated Area. - 5.3 Total Number of Glacial Lakes. - 6 Fluvial Lakes. - 7 Global Distribution of Crater Lakes. - 8 Global Distribution of Saline Lakes. - 8.1 Coastal Lagoons. - 8.2 Salinized Lakes due to Evaporation. - 9 Global Lake Distribution. - 9.1 Extrapolation Approach. - 9.2 Lake Type Approach. - 9.3 Climatic Typology Approach. - 9.4 Lake Distribution in Endorheic Areas. - 9.5 Global Dissolved Salt Distribution in Lakes. - 10 Major Changes in Global Lake Distribution in the Geological Past. - 10.1 Lake Ages. - 10.2 Historical Changes. - 10.3 Postglacial Changes. - 11 Discussion and Conclusions. - References. - 2 Hydrological Processes and the Water Budget of Lakes / T. C. WINTER. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Hydrological System with Regard to Lakes. - 2.1 Interaction of Lakes with Atmospheric Water. - 2.2 Interaction of Lakes with Surface Water. - 2.3 Interaction of Lakes with Subsurface Water. - 2.4 Change in Lake Volume. - 3 Summary. - References. - 3 Hydrological and Thermal Response of Lakes to Climate: Description and Modeling / S. W. HOSTETLER. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Hydrological Response. - 3 The Hydrological Budget. - 4 Hydrological Models. - 5 Thermal Response. - 5.1 Energy Budget and Energy Budget Models. - 5.2 Models and Modeling. - 6 Use of Models to Link Lakes with Climate Change. - 7 Input Data Sets. - 8 Sample Applications. - 9 Summary. - References. - 4 Mixing Mechanisms in Lakes / D. M. IMBODEN and A. WÜEST. - 1 Transport and Mixing. - 2 Lakes as Physical Systems. - 3 Fluid Dynamics: Mathematical Description of Advection and Diffusion. - 3.1 Equations of Fluid Motion. - 3.2 Turbulence, Reynolds' Stress, and Eddy Diffusion. - 3.3 Vertical Momentum Equation. - 3.4 Nonlocal Diffusion and Transilient Mixing. - 4 Density and Stability of Water Column. - 4.1 Equation of State of Water. - 4.2 Potential Temperature and Local Vertical Stability. - 5 Energy Fluxes: Driving Forces Behind Transport and Mixing. - 5.1 Thermal Energy. - 5.2 Potential Energy. - 5.3 Kinetic Energy. - 5.4 Turbulent Kinetic Energy Balance in Stratified Water. - 5.5 Internal Turbulent Energy Fluxes: Turbulence Cascade. - 6 Mixing Processes in Lakes. - 6.1 Waves and Mixing. - 6.2 Mixing in the Surface Layer. - 6.3 Diapycnal Mixing. - 6.4 Boundary Mixing. - 6.5 Double Diffusion. - 6.6 Isopycnal Mixing. - 7 Mixing and Its Ecological Relevance. - 7.1 Time Scales of Mixing. - 7.2 Reactive Species and Patchiness. - 7.3 Mixing and Growth: The Search for an Ecological Steering Factor. - References. - 5 Stable Isotopes of Fresh and Saline Lakes / J. R. GAT. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Isotope Separatio During Evaporation. - 2 Small-Area Lakes. - 2.1 Seasonal and Annual Changes. - 2.2 Deep Freshwater Lakes. - 2.3 Transient Surface-Water Bodies. - 3 Interactive and Feedback Systems. - 3.1 Network of Surface-Water Bodies. - 3.2 Recycling of Reevaporated Moisture into the Atmosphere. - 3.3 Large Lakes. - 3.4 Large-Area Lakes with Restricted Circulation. - 4 Saline Lakes. - 4.1 Isotope Hydrology of Large Salt Lakes. - 4.2 Ephemeral Salt Lakes and Sabkhas. - 5 Isotopie Paleolimnology. - 6 Conclusions: From Lakes to Oceans. - References. - 6 Exchange of Chemicals Between the Atmosphere and Lakes / P. VLAHOS, D. MACKAY, S. J. EISENREICH, and KC. HORNBUCKLE. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Air-Water Partitioning Equilibria. - 3 Diffusion Between Water and Air. - 4 Volatilization and Absorption: Double-Resistance Approach. - 5 Factors Affecting Mass-Transfer Coefficients. - 6 Partitioning of Chemical to Paniculate Matter in Air and Water. - 6.1 Air. - 6.2 Water. - 7 Atmospheric Deposition Processes. - 7.1 Dry Deposition. - 7.2 Wet Deposition. - 8 Specimen Calculation. - 8.1 Step 1: Physicochemical Properties. - 8.2 Step 2: Mass-Transfer Coefficients. - 8.3 Step 3: Sorption in Air and Water. - 8.4 Step 4: Equilibrium Status. - 8.5 Step 5: Volatilization and Deposition Rates. - 9 Role of Air-Water Exchange in Lake Mass Balances. - 10 Case Studies. - 10.1 Mass Balance on Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale. - 10.2 Mass Balance on Lake Superior. - 10.3 Air-Water Exchange in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. - 10.4 Air-Water Exchange in Lake Superior. - 11 Conclusions. - References. - 7 Atmospheric Depositions: Impact of Acids on Lakes / W. STUMM and J. SCHNOOR. - Abstract. - 1 Introduction: Anthropogenic Generation of Acidity. - 1.1 Genesis of Acid Precipitation. - 2 Acidity and Alkalinity: Neutralizing Capacities. - 2.1 Transfer of Acidity (or Alkalinity) from Pollution Through the Atmosphere to Ecosystems. - 3 Acidification of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems. - 3.1 Disturbance of H+ Balance from Temporal or Spatial Decoupling of the Production and Mineralization of the Biomass. - 3.2 In Situ H+ Ion Neutralization in Lakes. - 3.3 Krug and Frink Revisited. - 4 Brønsted Acids and Lewis Acids: Pollution by Heavy Metals, as Influenced by Acidity. - 4.1 Cycling of Metals. - 4.2 Pb in Soils. - 5 Impact of Acidity on Ecology in Watersheds. - 5.1 Soils. - 5.2 Lakes. - 5.3 Nitrogen Saturation of Forests. - 6 Critical Loads. - 6.1 Critical Load Maps. - 6.2 Models for Critical Load Evaluation. - 7 Case Studies. - 7.1 Chemical Weathering of Crystalline Rocks in the Catchment Area of Acidic Ticino Lakes, Switzerland. - 7.2 Watershed Manipulation Project at Bear Brooks, Maine. - 8 Summary. - References. - 8 Redox-Driven Cycling of Trace Elements in Lakes / J. HAMILTON-TAYLOR and W. DAVISON. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Major Biogeochemical Cycles and Pathways. - 3 Iron and Manganese. - 3.1 Transformations and Cycling. - 3.2 Iron and Manganese Compounds as Carrier Phases. - 4 Sediment-Water Interface. - 4.1 Diffusive Flux from Sediments. - 4.2 Evidence of Little or No Diffusive Efflux from Sediments. - 4.3 Transient Remobilization. - 4.4 Diffusive Flux into Sediments. - 5 Pathways Involving Redox Reactions Directly: Case Studies. - 5.1 Arsenic. - 5.2 Chromium. - 5.3 239,240Pu. - 5.4 Selenium 6 Pathways Involving Redox Reactions Indirectly: Case Studies. - 6.1 137Cs. - 6.2 Stable Pb, 210Pb, and 210Po. - 6.3 Zinc. - 7 Summary and Conclusions. - References. - 9 Comparative Geochemistry of Marine Saline Lakes / F. T. MACKENZIE, S. VINK, R. WOLLAST, and L. CHOU. - 1 Introduction. - 2 General Characteristics of Marine Saline Lakes. - 3 Comparative Sediment-Pore-Water Reactions. - 3.1 Mangrove Lake, Bermuda. - 3.2 Solar Lake, Sinai. - 4 Conclusions. - References. - 10 Organic Matter Accumulation Records in Lake Sediments / P. A. MEYERS and R. ISHIWATARI. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Significance of Organic Matter in Lake Sediments. - 1.2 Origins of Organic Matter to Lake Sediments. - 1.3 Alterations of Organic Matter During Deposition. - 1.4 Similarities and Differences Between Organic Matter in Sediments of Lakes and Oceans. - 1.5 Dating of Lake-Sediment Records. - 2 Indicators of Sources and Alterations of Total Organic Matter in Lake Sediments. - 2.1 Source Information Preserved in C/N Ratios of Sedimentary Organic Matter. - 2.2 Source Information from Carbon-Stable Isotopic Compositions. - 2.3 Source Information from Nitrogen-Stable Isotopic Compositions. - 3 Origin and Alterations of Humic Substances. - 4 Sources and Alterations of Lipid Biomarkers. - 4.1 Alteration of Lipids During Deposition. - 4.2 Changes in Sources vs Selective Diagenesis. - 4.3 Effects of Sediment Grain Size on Geolipid Compositions. - 4.4 Source Records of Alkanes in Lake Sediments. - 4.5 Preserv