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  • 1
    Call number: MOP 35293
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 80 S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Atmospheric science paper 107
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Call number: MOP 36141
    In: Atmospheric science paper
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 28 S. : Ill., Kt.
    Series Statement: Atmospheric science paper 115
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Gravity waves ; SKYHI model ; horizontal resolution ; space-time spectra ; Eliassen-Palm flux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To examine the effects of horizontal resolution on internal gravity waves simulated by the 40-level GFDL “SKYHI” general circulation model, a comparison is made between the 3° and 1° resolution models during late December. The stratospheric and mesospheric zonal flows in the winter and summer extratropical regions of the 1° model are much weaker and more realistic than the corresponding zonal flows of the 3° model. The weaker flows are consistent with the stronger Eliassen-Palm flux divergence (EPFD). The increase in the magnitude of the EPFD in the winter and summer extratropical mesospheres is due mostly to the increase in the gravity wave vertical momentum flux convergence (VMFC). In the summer extratropical mesosphere, the increase in the resolvable horizontal wavenumbers accounts for most of the increase in the gravity wave VMFC. In the winter extratropical mesosphere, the increase of VMFC associated with large-scale eastward moving components also accounts for part of the increase in the gravity wave VMFC. The gravity waves in the summer and winter mesosphere of the 1° model are associated with a broader frequency-spectral distribution, resulting in a more sporadic time-distribution of their VMFC. This broadening is due not only to the increase in resolvable horizontal wavenumbers but also occurs in the large-scale components owing to wave-wave interactions. It was found that the phase velocity and frequency of resolvable small-scale gravity waves are severely underestimated by finite difference approximations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 75 (1969), S. 185-218 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary In a previous studyReiter andMahlman [37]3) have estimated the amount of stratospheric air intruding into the stable layer of the jet stream front in a case of cyclogenesis not accompanied by surface radioactive fallout. In the present report the same case is examined on a more general basis. Outflow from, as well as inflow into, the stratosphere is estimated over the entire thickness of the ‘tropopause gap’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Environment and Resources 23 (1998), S. 83-105 
    ISSN: 1056-3466
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The human-caused global warming problem is now the focus of intense international attention in many sectors of society. As we learn more about the science of the problem, the sense of controversy about the state of the science has actually increased, sharply so over the past decade. This essay highlights the fundamental aspects of the science underlying global warming. The vital roles of climate models and of climate data in sharpening scientific understanding are featured. Finally, the roles of controversy in the science and the sociology of this problem are addressed, and new insights are offered on the inevitability of future major conflicts and controversies as society begins to deal with the need to either reduce the use of fossil fuels considerably or adapt to substantial changes in Earth's climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 18 (1969), S. 299-311 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der nach unten gerichtete Transport radioaktiver Spurenstoffe aus der Stratosphäre im Zusammenhang mit Zyklogenese im Tropopausenniveau bietet eine physikalische Erklärung für die jahreszeitlichen und kurzperiodischen Zunahmen des radioaktiven Ausfalls an der Erdoberfläche. Um diese Vorgänge zu überprüfen, wurde ein einfacher Zirkulationsindex, der mit der Zyklonentätigkeit in der oberen Troposphäre zusammenhängt, mit den zeitlichen Änderungen der flächenhaft gemittelten Maxima von radioaktivem Ausfall verglichen. Dieser Vergleich zeigt, daß das Aufallsmaximum im Frühjahr nicht mit einem Anwachsen der Zyklonenaktivität zu dieser Jahreszeit erklärt werden kann. Kurzperiodische Ausfallsschwankungen sind jedoch in signifikanter Weise mit Perioden von Zyklogenese in der oberen Troposphäre korreliert. Der über das Gebiet der Vereinigten Staaten gemittelte, zeitkorrigierte radioaktive Ausfall zeigt das Vorhandensein einer regelmäßigen jahreszeitlichen Änderung mit einem Spätfrühlingsmaximum und einem Minimum im Spätherbst. Das Frühlingsmaximum im Jahre 1964 war um einen Faktor 2 geringer als im Jahre 1963. Diese Tatsache zeigt den Schwund radioaktiver Spurenstoffe nach dem Atomtestmoratorium vom Dezember 1962 an.
    Notes: Summary The downward transport of radioactive debris from the stratosphere in association with tropopause-level cyclogenesis offers a possible physical explanation for seasonal and shorter-period surface fallout increases. To examine these possibilities, a simple circulation index which is related to the degree of cyclonic activity in the upper troposphere is compared to a time series of area-averaged fallout intensity. The comparison reveals that the spring fallout peak cannot be explained adequately by an increase in cyclonic activity at this time of year. Shorter period increases, however, are strongly related to occurrences of intense cyclogenesis in the upper troposphere. The age-corrected fallout averaged over the area of the contiguous United States reveals the existence of a regular seasonal variation with a maximum in late spring and a minimum in late fall. The spring peak in 1964 is a factor of two less in 1964 than 1963—reflecting the progressive depletion of debris following the nuclear testing moratorium of December, 1962.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 360 (1992), S. 209-210 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] INCREASING concentrations of greenhouse carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may expose us to the possibility of an Arctic version of the Antarctic "ozone hole\ a hazard we have avoided so far because of the special atmospheric conditions of the Northern Hemisphere. But calculations by Austin, Butchart ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Climatic change 31 (1995), S. 223-230 
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Climatic change 43 (1999), S. 369-386 
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Changes in Heat Index (a combined measure of temperature and humidity) associated with global warming are evaluated based on the output from four extended integrations of the GFDL coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model. The four integrations are: a control with constant levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), a second integration in which an estimate of the combined radiative forcing of greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols over the period 1765–2065 is used to force the model, and a third (fourth) integration in which atmospheric CO2$ increases at the rate of 1% per year to double (quadruple) its initial value, and is held constant thereafter. While the spatial patterns of the changes in Heat Index are largely determined by the changes in surface air temperature, increases in atmospheric moisture can substantially amplify the changes in Heat Index over regions which are warm and humid in the Control integration. The regions most prone to this effect include humid regions of the Tropics and summer hemisphere extra-tropics, including the southeastern United States, India, southeast Asia and northern Australia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1969-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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