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  • 1
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    Carbonate Ramps (1998)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: Carbonatplattform ; Carbonates ; Carbonatos ; Geology, Stratigraphic ; Marine sediments ; Reefs ; Rochas sedimentares ; Rocks, Carbonate
    Description / Table of Contents: V. P. Wright and T. P. Burchette: Carbonate ramps: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.01 --- W. M. Ahr: Carbonate ramps, 1973–1996: a historical review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:7-14, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.02 --- A. Kirkham: A Quaternary proximal foreland ramp and its continental fringe, Arabian Gulf, UAE / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:15-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.03 --- Gordon Walkden and Alun Williams: Carbonate ramps and the Pleistocene-Recent depositional systems of the Arabian Gulf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:43-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.04 --- Viviane Testa and Dan W. J. Bosence: Carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation on a high-energy, ocean-facing, tropical ramp, NE Brazil / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:55-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.05 --- Janice M. Light and John B. Wilson: Cool-water carbonate deposition on the West Shetland Shelf: a modern distally steepened ramp / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:73-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.06 --- J. Fred Read: Phanerozoic carbonate ramps from greenhouse, transitional and ice-house worlds: clues from field and modelling studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:107-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.07 --- M. Aurell, B. Bádenas, D. W. J. Bosence, and D. A. Waltham: Carbonate production and offshore transport on a Late Jurassic carbonate ramp (Kimmeridgian, Iberian basin, NE Spain): evidence from outcrops and computer modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:137-161, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.08 --- Martyn Pedley: A review of sediment distributions and processes in Oligo-Miocene ramps of southern Italy and Malta (Mediterranean divide) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:163-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.09 --- Rodney F. Gilham and Charlie S. Bristow: Facies architecture and geometry of a prograding carbonate ramp during the early stages of foreland basin evolution: Lower Eocene sequences, Sierra del Cadí, SE Pyrenees, Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:181-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.10 --- H. D. Sinclair, Z. R. Sayer, and M. E. Tucker: Carbonate sedimentation during early foreland basin subsidence: the Eocene succession of the French Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:205-227, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.11 --- Irene Gómez-Pérez, Pedro A. Fernández-Mendiola, and Joaquín García-Mondéjar: Constructional dynamics for a Lower Cretaceous carbonate ramp (Gorbea Massif, north Iberia) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:229-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.12 --- Martina Bachmann and Jochen Kuss: The Middle Cretaceous carbonate ramp of the northern Sinai: sequence stratigraphy and facies distribution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:253-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.13 --- Ana C. Azerêdo: Geometry and facies dynamics of Middle Jurassic carbonate ramp sandbodies, West-Central Portugal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:281-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.14 --- Kinga Hips: Lower Triassic storm-dominated ramp sequence in northern Hungary: an example of evolution from homoclinal through distally steepened ramp to Middle Triassic flat-topped platform / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:315-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.15 --- Ákos Török: Controls on development of Mid-Triassic ramps: examples from southern Hungary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:339-367, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.16 --- Zakaria Lasemi, Rodney D. Norby, and Janis D. Treworgy: Depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy of a Lower Carboniferous bryozoan-crinoidal carbonate ramp in the Illinois Basin, mid-continent USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:369-395, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.17 --- Jobst Wendt and Bernd Kaufmann: Mud buildups on a Middle Devonian carbonate ramp (Algerian Sahara) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:397-415, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.18 --- Bernd Kaufmann: Middle Devonian reef and mud mounds on a carbonate ramp: Mader Basin (eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:417-435, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.19 --- Yong Seok Choi and J. A. Simo: Ramp facies and sequence stratigraphic models in an epeiric sea: the Upper Ordovician mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Glenwood and Platteville Formations, Wisconsin, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 149:437-456, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.149.01.20
    Pages: Online-Ressource (465 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390258
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/149/1
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Middle–Late Jurassic forced regression and disconformity in central Portugal: eustatic, tectonic and climatic effects on a carbonate ramp system (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 49 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Successions across the Middle–Upper Jurassic disconformity in the Lusitanian Basin (west-central Portugal) are highly varied, and were probably developed on a large westward-inclined hangingwall of a half-graben. The disconformity is preceded by a complex forced regression showing marked variations down the ramp, and provides an example of the effects of rapid, relative sea-level falls on carbonate ramp systems. In the east, Middle Jurassic inner ramp carbonates (‘Candeeiros’ facies) are capped by a palaeokarstic surface veneered by ferruginous clays or thick calcretes. In the west, mid-outer ramp marls and limestones (‘Brenha’ facies) are terminated by two contrasting successions: (1) a sharp-based carbonate sandbody capped by a minor erosion surface, overlain by interbedded marine–lagoonal–deltaic deposits with further minor erosion/exposure surfaces; (2) a brachiopod-rich limestone with a minor irregular surface, overlain by marls, lignitic marls with marine and reworked non-marine fossils and charophytic limestones, with further minor irregular surfaces and capped by a higher relief ferruginous erosional surface. The age ranges from Late Bathonian in the east to Late Callovian in the west. This disconformity assemblage is succeeded by widespread lacustrine–lagoonal limestones with microbial laminites and evaporites (‘Cabaços’ facies), attributed to the Middle Oxfordian. Over the whole basin, increasingly marine facies were deposited afterwards. In Middle Jurassic inner-ramp zones in the east, the overall regression is marked by a major exposure surface overlain by continental sediments. In Middle Jurassic outer-ramp zones to the west, the regression is represented initially by open-marine successions followed by either a sharp marine erosion surface overlain by a complex sandbody or minor discontinuities and marginal-marine deposits, in both cases capped by the major lowstand surface. Reflooding led to a complex pattern of depositional conditions throughout the basin, from freshwater and brackish lagoonal to marginal- and shallow-marine settings. Additional complications were produced by possible tilting of the hangingwall of the half-graben, the input of siliciclastics from westerly sources and climate change from humid to more seasonally semi-arid conditions. The Middle–Late Jurassic sea-level fall in the Lusitanian Basin is also recorded elsewhere within the Iberian and other peri-Atlantic regions and matches a transgressive to regressive change in eustatic sea-level curves, indicating that it is related in part to a global event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00501.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of fungal biomineralization in the formation of Early Carboniferous soil fabrics (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 33 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Paleosols in the Lower Carboniferous limestones of South Wales commonly contain needle-fibre calcite which is an unusual form of calcite recently shown to form by the calcification of fungal hyphae in present day soils. The needle-fibre calcite occurs in two associations in the paleosols: as coatings on sediment grains and as rhizocretions. The former can be compared with the microbial grain coatings of Quaternary calcretes. The latter represent the sites of fungal coats on roots and are interpreted as probable ectomycorrhizae, a symbiotic fungal sheath-root association. These findings suggest that biomineralization was important in the formation of soil fabrics during the Carboniferous as it is in present day soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1986.tb00985.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rendzina from the Lower Carboniferous of South Wales (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 30 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A thin calcrete-crust horizon from the Lower Carboniferous Llanelly Formation of South Wales consists of two parts; an upper laminated unit and a lower peloidal unit. The former is interpreted as a subaerial stromatolite and the latter as an A horizon of a palaeosol. Comparisons are made with the A horizons of rendzinas and it is concluded that the calcrete-crust represents a complete rendzina profile. This fossil rendzina contains abundant evidence of a soil fauna in the form of fecal pellets and small burrows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1983.tb00663.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facies sequences on a carbonate ramp: the Carboniferous Limestone of South Wales (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 33 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: During early Carboniferous times a major sea-level rise led to the development of an extensive carbonate ramp over what is now South Wales. Differential subsidence and sea-level changes resulted in distinctive facies sequences in the ramp succession and a model is offered which recognizes three distinct geomorpho-tectonic settings; inner, mid- and outer ramp. The inner ramp zone occurs in the more landward part of the province and was an area undergoing little or no subsidence. The sequence is dominated by oolitic grainstones and peritidal limestones representing shoal and back shoal environments. The peritidal units are transgressive deposits consisting of stacked asymmetrical shallowing-up cycles. The sequence contains many subaerial breaks and tectonic uplift resulted in base-level changes and fluvial incision. The mid-ramp zone sequence is intermediate in thickness between the inner and outer ramp successions and consists mainly of bioclastic limestones deposited below fairweather wave base. Sedimentation periodically exceeded sea-level rise and subsidence, and regressive (progradational) oolitic sand bodies developed, the thickest of which are stacked units with up to four individual sand bodies. Storm processes were of major importance in this setting. The outer ramp zone is represented by a thick sequence of muddy bioclastic limestones deposited below storm wave base and major Waulsortian reef-mounds also developed. None of the shallowing phases seen in the other ramp zones can be detected in this sequence. Subsidence and eustatic sea-level rise seem to have been the major controls on deposition but the recognition of eustatic sea-level falls is difficult. The detailed facies model for ramp carbonates presented here may be applicable elsewhere in the geological record.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1986.tb00533.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A highstand oolitic sequence and associated facies from a Late Triassic lake basin, south-west England (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 47 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: High energy, lake-shoreline carbonate sequences are rarely documented in the geological record. However, one example occurs in the Upper Triassic Mercia Mudstone Group (MMG) of southern Britain. The MMG is one of a number of thick, non-fossiliferous mudstone deposits associated with North Atlantic Mesozoic rift basins. The origin of the MMG mudstones is the subject of current debate, with marine, playa-lacustrine and alluvial–aeolian models having been proposed. Shoreline features have been documented from the northern margin of the basin, but the rarity of such features elsewhere in the MMG has led many workers to doubt a lacustrine origin for the mudstones. Wave-dominated, lake-shoreline deposits have been recognized in several sections from the southern basin margin in the Clevedon area of the Bristol Channel in south-west England. These deposits provide evidence for the development of a sizeable perennial to semi-perennial hypersaline lake in which the MMG mudstones accumulated. Shoreline sediments overlie alluvial stream and sheet-flood deposits, and pass from transgressive gravel–conglomerate beach units with bioclasts, influenced by shore-normal waves (deposited under semi-humid conditions), to lower gradient, highstand oolitic sands affected by more varied wave approach (deposited under progressively more arid conditions), which culminated in lowstand, oolitic strand-plain deposits overlain by a playa-mudflat unit. Shoreline deposits record a simple shallowing-upward transgressive–highstand–lowstand sequence. However, a change from a reflective (transgressive) to dissipative (highstand) shoreline is believed to represent a climatically induced change in prevailing wind direction. Shoreline features recognized in the MMG are similar to those of recent playa-lacustrine basins of the western United States. Ooids display a variety of size, fracture and dissolution features in addition to beachrock fabrics, suggesting that they were originally composed of radial aragonite, similar to modern ooids from the Great Salt Lake, Utah.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00288.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasting flooding histories of Mississippian carbonate platforms revealed by marine alteration effects in palaeosols (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 44 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Palaeosols associated with exposure surfaces in Mississippian platform carbonate sequences in Britain invariably show evidence for later alteration by sea water. These alteration effects can be attributed to flooding of the emergent platforms during transgressions that terminated exposure surface development. A study of 230 palaeosol profiles representing 60 stratigraphic levels has revealed a two fold division of these marine hydromorphic effects. Palaeosols in ramp sequences (Chadian-Arundian stages) are capped by ferroan dolomite horizons with carbonized rootlets, pyrite and thin coals. The ferroan dolomites exhibit δ13C and δ18O values indicative of formation in brackish waters. These are interpreted as coastal marshes that developed landward of a transgressive shoreline. Younger Asbian-Brigantian palaeosols lack these dolomites but have been extensively pyritised. The pyrite also developed through marine hydromorphic alteration but flooding was relatively instantaneous over the flat topped platforms. These differences in flooding history reflect both different platform configuration and more rapid transgressions during the Asbian-Brigantian, likely a result of glacio-eustatic effects. Flooding characteristics of the Asbian-Brigantian platforms differ from those associated with late Cainozoic examples, apparently because complete platform rims were not developed. Similar mineralogical alteration effects are likely to be common in other platform sequences in the geological record, but have not been documented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1997.d01-51.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Terra Rossa-like paleosol complex from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The basal Upper Jurassic unconformity in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal commonly exhibits an irregular palaeokarstic surface developed in underlying Middle Jurassic carbonates. In the Serra da Arrabida area south of Lisbon, wire cut quarry faces expose a thick Upper Jurassic paleosol complex overlying fissured and brecciated limestone veneered with a calcrete crust and associated with colluvial deposits. The paleosol complex is a red mudstone with calcrete stringers which superficially resembles present-day red Mediterranean Terra Rossa soils. A detailed micromorphological study indicates the absence of any clay illuviation in the paleosol unit, which suggests that it is not comparable to the true Terra Rossa Alfisols, but more closely resembles present-day Aridisols. This difference from true Terra Rossa soils probably reflects formation under a drier climate, which is confirmed by the occurrence elsewhere in Portugal of evaporitic lake deposits of the same age. The paper stresses the role of soil petrography (micromorphology) in interpreting pedogenesis in paleosols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1987.tb00776.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Burial diagenesis and crystal diminution. The origin of crystal diminution in some limestones from South Wales (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 30 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Carboniferous speleothem calcites in un-metamorphosed limestones from South Wales exhibit crystal diminution (degrading neomorphism) textures. These textures result from processes which have been considered only important under metamorphic conditions. The textures are interpreted as the result of recrystallization associated with dislocation processes. These processes relate to low temperature creep associated with low strain rates extended over long periods of time. The textures described here occur in unusually large crystals but similar textures have been described in limestones from deep boreholes. Dislocation processes, recovery and recrystallization are likely to be important processes operating during deep burial diagenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1983.tb00691.x
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  • 10
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    Skeletal mineralogy and biodiversity of marine invertebrates: size matters more than seawater chemistry (2011)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 358: 9-17.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-13
    Description: It is now well established that seawater chemistry, as well as influencing non-skeletal marine precipitation (‘calcite’ and ‘aragonite seas’), has affected skeletal mineral secretion in some algal and marine invertebrate groups. Skeletal mineralogy has had a yet more profound consequence on fossil preservation. The realization that the fossil record of marine organisms with an aragonite shell is widely depleted in some shelf settings through early, effectively syn-depositional, dissolution (‘missing molluscs’ effect) has led to a re-evaluation of the composition, diversity, ecological and trophic structure of marine benthic communities. Comparisons of molluscan lagerstätten from ‘calcite’ and ‘aragonite seas’ show a similar pattern of skeletal mineralogical loss, that is, no differences are discernibly linked to changed seawater geochemistry. It is notable that the rare mollusc-rich skeletal lagerstätten faunas in the fossil record include many small individuals. Micromolluscs are quantitatively important among modern shell assemblages, yet small size is a major source of taphonomic and biodiversity loss in the fossil record. In skeletal lagerstätten faunas, micromolluscs contribute variably to mollusc biodiversity but appear particularly significant through at least to Triassic times. They highlight a further ‘missing molluscs’ effect of taphonomic loss through early dissolution.
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