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Extending a continent : architecture, rheology and heat budget (2009)

Ring, Uwe [Hrsg.] ; Wernicke, Brian [Hrsg.]

London : The Geological Society

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Call number: 9/M 07.0421(321)

In: Geological Society special publication

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: viii, 256 S.

ISBN: 9781862392847

Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 321

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/vol321/issue1/

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Exhumation processes : normal faulting ductile flow and erosion (1999)

Ring, Uwe

London : The Geological Society

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Call number: 9/M 00.0575

In: Geological Society special publication

Description / Table of Contents: Field geology is, by definition, the geology of exhumed rocks. This book provides a broad range of examples of deep exhumation and emphasizes the competition between the various exhumation processes: normal faulting, ductile thinning and erosion. The papers include examples from all parts of the world and from a variety of tectonic settings, including oceanic subduction zones, continental collision zones and continental rifts. The volume explores the relationship between climate, erosion and tectonics. It provides innovative applications of thermochronology to understanding the rates and geometry of normal faulting, and the interaction between erosion and tectonics. The book will be of broad interest to any student of mountain belts and orogenesis, including those in tectonics, structural geology, geodynamics, metamorphic petrology, sedimentology and geomorphology.

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: VI, 378 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.

ISBN: 1862390320

Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 154

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/154/1

Classification:

E.3.4.

Language: English

Note: Uwe Ring, Mark T. Brandon, Sean D. Willett, and Gordon S. Lister: Exhumation processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:1-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.01 --- Subduction-Related Accretionary Wedges (B-type Subduction) --- Richard L. Sedlock: Evaluation of exhumation mechanisms for coherent blueschists in western Baja California, Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:29-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.02 --- Uwe Ring and Mark T. Brandon: Ductile deformation and mass loss in the Franciscan Subduction Complex: implications for exhumation processes in accretionary wedges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:55-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.03 --- Stuart N. Thomson, Bernhard Stöckhert, and Manfred R. Brix: Miocene high-pressure metamorphic rocks of Crete, Greece: rapid exhumation by buoyant escape / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:87-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.04 --- T. J. Rawling and G. S. Lister: Oscillating modes of orogeny in the Southwest Pacific and the tectonic evolution of New Caledonia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:109-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.05 --- R. P. Wintsch, T. Byrne, and M. Toriumi: Exhumation of the Sanbagawa blueschist belt, SW Japan, by lateral flow and extrusion: evidence from structural kinematics and retrograde P-T-t paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:129-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.06 --- Collisional Belts and Intra-Continental Convergence (A-type Subduction) --- Fritz Schlunegger and Sean Willett: Spatial and temporal variations in exhumation of the central Swiss Alps and implications for exhumation mechanisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:157-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.07 --- Olivier Vanderhaeghe, Jean-Pierre Burg, and Christian Teyssier: Exhumation of migmatites in two collapsed orogens: Canadian Cordillera and French Variscides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:181-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.08 --- Andrew T. Calvert, Phillip B. Gans, and Jeffrey M. Amato: Diapiric ascent and cooling of a sillimanite gneiss dome revealed by 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology: the Kigluaik Mountains, Seward Peninsula, Alaska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:205-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.09 --- Allen F. Glazner: Exposure of deep, dense rocks: interplay between erosion and sinking / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:233-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.10 --- J. McL. Miller, R. T. Gregory, D. R. Gray, and D. A. Foster: Geological and geochronological constraints on the exhumation of a high-pressure metamorphic terrane, Oman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:241-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.11 --- Geoffrey E. Batt, Barry P. Kohn, Jean Braun, Ian McDougall, and Trevor R. Ireland: New insight into the dynamic development of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, from detailed thermochronological investigation of the Mataketake Range pegmatites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:261-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.12 --- John I. Garver, Mark T. Brandon, Mary Roden-Tice, and Peter J. J. Kamp: Exhumation history of orogenic highlands determined by detrital fission-track thermochronology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:283-304, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.13 --- Lithospheric Extension: Divergent Plate Motions (Rifting) --- M. A. Forster and G. S. Lister: Detachment faults in the Aegean core complex of Ios, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:305-323, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.14 --- Laurel B. Goodwin: Controls on pseudotachylyte formation during tectonic exhumation in the South Mountains metamorphic core complex, Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:325-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.15 --- David A. Foster and Barbara E. John: Quantifying tectonic exhumation in an extensional orogen with thermochronology: examples from the southern Basin and Range Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:343-364, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.16

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Extending a Continent: Architecture, Rheology and Heat Budget (2009)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; Ring, Uwe ; Wernicke, Brian

London : The Geological Society

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Description / Table of Contents: The detachment era (1977–1982) and its role in revolutionizing continental tectonics / B. Wernicke / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 1-8, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.1 --- The frictional strength of granular fault gouge: application of theory to the mechanics of low-angle normal faults / Carolyn Boulton, Tim Davies and Mauri McSaveney / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 9-31, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.2 --- Upper and lower crustal evolution during lithospheric extension: numerical modelling and natural footprints from the European Alps / Anna Maria Marotta, Maria Iole Spalla and Guido Gosso / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 33-72, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.3 --- Reconciling short- and long-term measures of extension in continental back arcs: heat flux, crustal structure and rotations within central North Island, New Zealand / T. A. Stern / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 73-87, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.4 --- Cretaceous felsic volcanism in New Zealand and Lord Howe Rise (Zealandia) as a precursor to final Gondwana break-up / A. J. Tulloch, J. Ramezani, N. Mortimer, J. Mortensen, P. van den Bogaard and R. Maas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 89-118, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.5 --- Structure and evolution of the western Corinth Rift, through new field data from the Northern Peloponnesus / Emmanuel Skourtsos and Haralambos Kranis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 119-138, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.6 --- Timing and nature of formation of the Ios metamorphic core complex, southern Cyclades, Greece / Stuart N. Thomson, Uwe Ring, Stephanie Brichau, Johannes Glodny and Thomas M. Will / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 139-167, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.7 --- Timing of the Amorgos detachment system and implications for detachment faulting in the southern Aegean Sea, Greece / Uwe Ring, Stuart N. Thomson and Gideon Rosenbaum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 169-178, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.8 --- Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Naxos Island through a multi-faceted approach of fission-track analysis / Diane Seward, Olivier Vanderhaeghe, Luc Siebenaller, Stuart Thomson, Christian Hibsch, Anatol Zingg, Patrick Holzner, Uwe Ring and Stephanie Duchêne / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 179-196, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.9 --- Syn-extensional granitoids in the Menderes core complex and the late Cenozoic extensional tectonics of the Aegean province / Yildirim Dilek, Şafak Altunkaynak and Zeynep Öner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 197-223, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.10 --- A case study of lateral spreading: the Precambrian Svecofennian Orogen / Annakaisa Korja, Paula Kosunen and Pekka Heikkinen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 321, 225-251, 14 October 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP321.11

Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 256 Seiten)

ISBN: 9781862392847

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/321/1

Language: English

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Exhumation Processes : Normal Faulting, Ductile Flow and Erosion (1999)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; Ring, Uwe ; Brandon, Mark T. ; [et al.]

London : The Geological Society

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Keywords: Denudation ; Erosion ; Geodynamik ; Plattentektonik ; Rift ; Strukturgeologie ; Störung (Geologie) ; Subduktion ; Tektonik ; Erosion ; Erosão ; Failles (géologie) ; Falhas (geologia estrutural) ; Faults (Geology) ; Geodynamics ; Geology, Structural ; Intemperismo ; Plate tectonics ; Rochas metamórficas ; Rocks, Metamorphic ; Tectonique ; Érosion

Description / Table of Contents: Uwe Ring, Mark T. Brandon, Sean D. Willett, and Gordon S. Lister: Exhumation processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:1-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.01 --- Subduction-Related Accretionary Wedges (B-type Subduction) --- Richard L. Sedlock: Evaluation of exhumation mechanisms for coherent blueschists in western Baja California, Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:29-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.02 --- Uwe Ring and Mark T. Brandon: Ductile deformation and mass loss in the Franciscan Subduction Complex: implications for exhumation processes in accretionary wedges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:55-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.03 --- Stuart N. Thomson, Bernhard Stöckhert, and Manfred R. Brix: Miocene high-pressure metamorphic rocks of Crete, Greece: rapid exhumation by buoyant escape / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:87-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.04 --- T. J. Rawling and G. S. Lister: Oscillating modes of orogeny in the Southwest Pacific and the tectonic evolution of New Caledonia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:109-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.05 --- R. P. Wintsch, T. Byrne, and M. Toriumi: Exhumation of the Sanbagawa blueschist belt, SW Japan, by lateral flow and extrusion: evidence from structural kinematics and retrograde P-T-t paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:129-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.06 --- Collisional Belts and Intra-Continental Convergence (A-type Subduction) --- Fritz Schlunegger and Sean Willett: Spatial and temporal variations in exhumation of the central Swiss Alps and implications for exhumation mechanisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:157-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.07 --- Olivier Vanderhaeghe, Jean-Pierre Burg, and Christian Teyssier: Exhumation of migmatites in two collapsed orogens: Canadian Cordillera and French Variscides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:181-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.08 --- Andrew T. Calvert, Phillip B. Gans, and Jeffrey M. Amato: Diapiric ascent and cooling of a sillimanite gneiss dome revealed by 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology: the Kigluaik Mountains, Seward Peninsula, Alaska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:205-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.09 --- Allen F. Glazner: Exposure of deep, dense rocks: interplay between erosion and sinking / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:233-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.10 --- J. McL. Miller, R. T. Gregory, D. R. Gray, and D. A. Foster: Geological and geochronological constraints on the exhumation of a high-pressure metamorphic terrane, Oman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:241-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.11 --- Geoffrey E. Batt, Barry P. Kohn, Jean Braun, Ian McDougall, and Trevor R. Ireland: New insight into the dynamic development of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, from detailed thermochronological investigation of the Mataketake Range pegmatites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:261-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.12 --- John I. Garver, Mark T. Brandon, Mary Roden-Tice, and Peter J. J. Kamp: Exhumation history of orogenic highlands determined by detrital fission-track thermochronology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:283-304, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.13 --- Lithospheric Extension: Divergent Plate Motions (Rifting) --- M. A. Forster and G. S. Lister: Detachment faults in the Aegean core complex of Ios, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:305-323, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.14 --- Laurel B. Goodwin: Controls on pseudotachylyte formation during tectonic exhumation in the South Mountains metamorphic core complex, Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:325-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.15 --- David A. Foster and Barbara E. John: Quantifying tectonic exhumation in an extensional orogen with thermochronology: examples from the southern Basin and Range Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:343-364, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.16

Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 378 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

ISBN: 1862390320

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/154/1

Language: English

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The internal structure of the Arosa Zone (Swiss-Austrian Alps) (1990)

Ring, Uwe ; Ratschbacher, Lothar ; Frisch, Wolfgang ; [et al.]

Springer

International journal of earth sciences 79 (1990), S. 725-739

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ISSN: 1437-3262

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Arosa Zone, part of the main Alpine suture zone between the Austroalpine and the Penninic realms, forms a heterogeneous unit composed of rocks of oceanic and continental origin. It exhibits mélange character due to minor sedimentary mixing and local penetrative tectonic deformation during Cretaceous and Early Tertiary imbrication. Competent blocks of both Austroalpine and Penninic origin, covering up to 2.5 km2, are embedded in incompetent serpentinitic or shaly-calcareous matrix. On a mesoscale, disrupted strata occur in and adjacent to thrust and shear zones. Contrasting competence between blocks and matrix partitioned deformation into brittle and ductile processes. Extension veins and shear fractures affected the competent strata whereas the matrix developed a penetrative foliation during ductile flow and accommodated high strain. Flow was mainly non-coaxial in the matrix, and coaxial extension prevailed in the blocks. In a regional tectonic setting, we define the Arosa Zone as the tectonostratigraphic unit sandwiched between the Austroalpine and Penninic units. It forms a narrow and highly imbricated zone containing both South Penninic ophiolitic and sedimentary rocks as well as blocks and slices of Austroalpine origin.

Abstract: Résumé La Zone d'Arosa, partie de la zone de suture alpine entre l'Austro-alpin et le Pennique, forme une unité hétérogène composée de roches d'origines océanique et continentale. Elle présente le caractère d'un mélange qui résulte d'un brassage sédimentaire mineur, et de déformations tectoniques, locales mais pénétratives, au cours du Crétacé et du Tertiaire ancien. Des blocs compétents de l'Austro-alpin et du Pennique qui couvrent jusqu'à 2.5 km2, sont enrobés dans une matrice incompétente serpentineuse ou argilo-calcaire. A moyenne échelle, les couches disloquées se rencontrent dans les zones charriées et cisaillées, ou y sont adjacentes. La différence de compétence entre les blocs et la matrice répartit la déformation en processus cassants et ductiles. Les roches compétentes montrent des fentes d'extension et des fractures de cisaillement, alors que dans la matrice, sous l'action d'un flux ductile et d'une intensité de contrainte élevée, se développe une foliation pénétrative. La déformation fut principalement non coaxiale dans la matrice et coaxiale dans les blocs d'extension. Dans un cadre tectonique régional, nous définissons la Zone d'Arosa comme une unité tectonostratigraphique prise entre l'Austro-alpin et le Pennique. Elle constitue une zone étroite et fortement imbriquée composée aussi bien de roches ophiolitiques du Sud-Pennique et de roches sédimentaires, que de blocs et d'écaillés de l'Austro-alpin.

Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Arosa Zone ist Teil der Alpinen Suturzone zwischen Ostalpin und Pennimkum und bildet eine lithologisch heterogene Einheit aus kontinentalen und ozeanischen Gesteinen. Sie zeigt den Charakter einer Melange, die aus, untergeordnet, sedimentärer Durchmischung und lokaler, aber penetrativer tektonischer Deformation während kretazisch und alttertiärer Tektonik resultiert. Kompetente Blöcke ostalpiner und penninischer Herkunft, die bis zu 3 km im Streichen verfolgbar sind, schwimmen in einer inkompetenten serpentinitischen oder tonig-karbonatischen Matrix. Im Mesobereich treten zerbrochene Gesteinsabfolgen in oder direkt an Überschiebungs- und Scherzonen auf. Unterschiedliche Kompetenz zwischen Blöcken und Matrix teilt die Deformation in spröde und duktile Prozesse auf. Die kompetenten Gesteine zeigen Extensionsspalten und Scherbrüche, in der Matrix entwickelte sich durch duktiles Fließen eine penetrative Schieferung bei hoher Strainintensität. Die Deformation in der Matrix war hauptsächlich nicht-koaxial, koaxiale Extension herrschte in den Blöcken. Im regionalen tektonischen Rahmen definieren wir die Arosa Zone als tektonostratigraphische Einheit zwischen Ostalpin und Penninikum. Sie bildet eine schmale, stark imbrikierte Zone die, aus südpenninischen ophiolithischen und sedimentären Gesteinen, sowie aus Blöcken und Spänen ostalpiner Herkunft aufgebaut wird.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01879211

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Oldest Homo and Pliocene biogeography of the Malawi Rift (1993)

Schrenk, Friedemann ; Bromage, Timothy G. ; Betzler, Christian G. ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 365 (1993), S. 833-836

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] Formation of the Malawi Rift began about 8 Myr ago. Subsequent rifting and faulting led to subsidence which created a riverine system and eventually a rift lake (palaeolake Malawi) 5-4 Myr ago (Fig. I)1. The Plio-Pleistocene Chiwondo Beds include fluviatile, palaeosol, swamp, beach, and ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/365833a0

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Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Naxos Island through a multi-faceted approach of fission-track analysis (2009)

Seward, Diane ; Vanderhaeghe, Olivier ; Siebenaller, Luc ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 321: 179-196.

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Publication Date: 2009-10-15

Description: New zircon and apatite fission-track ages obtained on samples from all lithotectonic units exposed on Naxos Island are presented. Zircon ages of the exhumed metamorphic rocks range from 25.2 to 9.3 Ma and from 13.0 to 6.4 Ma for apatite. Zircon track-length analysis distinguishes partial overprinting of an earlier event (M1) in the south. Northwards no overprint is seen and the ages there represent rapid exhumation since c. 12 Ma. Both zircon and apatite ages are slightly older toward the north of the island probably due to variation of the geotherm in the proximity of the fault. Zircon fission-track ages of the granodiorite range from 13.7 to 12.2 Ma are statistically identical to previously determined U-Pb ages. Apatite fission-track ages however, yield a younging trend from south to north from 12.9 to 9.0 Ma. This could be due to differential depth of emplacement and/or to differential exhumation during tectonic unroofing by a top-to-the north detachment. Fission-track ages on detrital grains in Lower Miocene sediments indicate a source not identified within the present outcropping rocks of Naxos. Ages on boulders and grains in the Middle to Upper Miocene sediments point to rapid erosion until about 8.5-7 Ma.

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Timing of the Amorgos detachment system and implications for detachment faulting in the southern Aegean Sea, Greece (2009)

Ring, Uwe ; Thomson, Stuart N. ; Rosenbaum, Gideon

In: Geological Society Special Publication 321: 169-178.

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Publication Date: 2009-10-15

Description: We present apatite and zircon fission-track (AFT and ZFT) ages from the Amorgos detachment system in the Aegean Sea, Greece. The Amorgos detachment system consists of a basal and an upper detachment. The lower Amorgos detachment occupies the same tectonic position as the regionally important large-magnitude Cretan detachment and therefore can provide improved constraints on the evolution of the latter. AFT ages from the footwalls of both detachments show that detachment-related cooling occurred in the early Miocene, coeval with an important phase of cooling in the footwall of the Cretan detachment on Crete. We interpret the footwall AFT ages to indicate an early Miocene age of movement on the Amorgos detachments, essentially simultaneously with slip on the Cretan detachment. ZFT ages from rocks above the lower Amorgos detachment are not reset indicating that metamorphic temperatures during the Tertiary Hellenic orogeny did not exceed c. 300 {degrees}C significantly. We discuss a model in which top-to-the-north movement on the Cretan/Amorgos detachment commenced in the early Miocene. Soon after the inception of the Cretan/Amorgos detachment, top-to-the-south movement on the South Cyclades shear zone deformed the latter and brought the Amorgos detachment into a higher crustal position.

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Timing and nature of formation of the Ios metamorphic core complex, southern Cyclades, Greece (2009)

Thomson, Stuart N. ; Ring, Uwe ; Brichau, Stephanie ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 321: 139-167.

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Publication Date: 2009-10-15

Description: We apply low-temperature thermochronology, Rb/Sr geochronology, petrological data, and structural mapping to constrain the timing and kinematics of the Ios metamorphic core complex. Top-to-north extension in the lower plate Headland Shear Zone was active at 18-19 Ma under metamorphic conditions of 475-610 {degrees}C and 0.65-1.1 GPa. The South Cyclades Shear Zone/Ios Detachment Fault (SCSZ/IDF) system shows top-to-south extensional shear active at c. 19 Ma at 380-550 {degrees}C, with local top-to-north bands. Extensional shear above the SCSZ/IDF is dominantly top-to-south to top-to-SW. PT estimates from an eclogite boudin constrain Eocene high-pressure metamorphism to 430-560 {degrees}C and 1.21{+/-}0.42 GPa to 0.66{+/-}0.37 GPa. Similar low-temperature thermochronometric ages across Ios demonstrate that ductile extensional movement ceased by c. 15 Ma. Exhumation to shallow crustal levels took place between c. 15 and 9 Ma at cooling rates of up to 120 {degrees}C Ma-1 with a slow down to 〈20 {degrees}C Ma-1 between 12 and 9 Ma, most likely accommodated by extensional slip at rates of c. 3 km Ma-1 along the top-to-SW Coastal Fault System. We propose a model of bivergent extension for exhumation of the Ios core complex between 19 and 9 Ma, with Ios forming a secondary antithetic top-to-south to top-to-SW extensional fault system to a more dominant top-to-north Naxos/Paros detachment system.

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