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1

Electronic Resource

Sequential proton NMR assignments and secondary structure of an IgG-binding domain from protein G (1991)

Lian, L. Y. ; Yang, J. C. ; Derrick, J. P. ; [et al.]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 30 (1991), S. 5335-5340

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ISSN: 1520-4995

Source: ACS Legacy Archives

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00236a002

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2

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Effects of grass pasture and concentrate-based feeding systems for spring-calving dairy cows in early spring on performance during lactation (2005)

Kennedy, E. ; O'Donovan, M. ; Murphy, J.-P. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Grass and forage science 60 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2494

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: The effect of offering a total mixed ration of silage and concentrate (proportionately 0·44 silage) system [indoor feeding system (IF)] was compared with grazing at a high daily herbage allowance with a low level of concentrate supplementation [early grazing system (EG)] in early spring on the performance of spring-calving dairy cows in Ireland. Sixty-four spring-calving Holstein–Friesian dairy cows (mean calving date, 2 February) were allocated to one of two systems between 16 February and 4 April 2004. An equal number of primiparous and multiparous cows were assigned to each system. The dairy cows on the IF system were housed for a 7-week period and offered a diet of 10·9 kg DM cow−1 d−1 (s.d. 2·3) of concentrate, the remainder of the diet was 8·6 kg DM cow−1 d−1 (s.d. 1·9) of grass silage. The dairy cows on the EG system were offered a mean daily herbage allowance of 15·1 kg DM cow−1 d−1 (s.d. 3·7) and were supplemented with 3·0 kg DM cow−1 d−1 (s.d. 1·0) of concentrate. There was no difference in milk yield between the two systems but the cows in the EG system had a higher milk protein concentration (2·9 g kg−1) and a higher milk protein yield than in the IF system. Milk fat concentration was higher for cows in the IF than EG system (3·0 g kg−1). There was no difference in total daily dry-matter intake between the systems, measured in week 6 of the study. Mean live weight of the cows in the IF system was greater than in the EG system. The results of the study suggest that a slightly greater performance can be achieved by a system offering a high daily herbage allowance to spring-calving dairy cows in early lactation compared with a system offering a total mixed ration containing a high proportion of concentrate with grass silage.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2005.00481.x

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3

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Progenitor Germplasm of Domesticated Hexaploid Oat (1999)

Zhou, X. ; Jellen, E. N. ; Murphy, J. P.

Springer

Crop science 39 (1999), S. 1208-1214

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Avena sativa L. and A. byzantina C. Koch) is classified as a secondary crop, i.e., derived from weeds of the primary cereal domesticates of the Near East. Avena sterilis L., the oldest hexaploid oat, is the putative progenitor of all other cultivated and wild hexaploid oat species. the objectives of this research were to gain insight into the origin of cultivated hexaploid oat by mean of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker variation and the distribution of the 7C-17 intergenomic chromosomal translocation in cultivated and progenitor accessions. Cluster analyses based on 248 polymorphic RAPD markers found close association between several A. sterilis accessions from the Iran-Iraq-Turkey region and cultivated accessions. Genotypes within this group of cultivated and progenitor accessions were divided into those with the 7C-17 translocation (a. sativa and A. sterilis) and those without the translocation (A. byzantina and A. sterilis). The results suggested that all cultivated hexaploids are derived from progenitor germplasm from Southwest Asia, present-day Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. At least two paths of domestication occurred: one from A. sterilis with the translocation to A. sativa and one from A. sterilis without the translocation to A. byzantina.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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4

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A comparison of RAPD and isozyme analyses for determining the genetic relationships among Avena sterilis L. accessions (1994)

Heun, M. ; Murphy, J. P. ; Phillips, T. D.

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1994), S. 689-696

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Cluster analysis ; Principal coordinate analysis ; Oat ; Wild germ plasm ; Molecular marker

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Isozyme analysis is a valuable tool for determining genetic relationships among breeding lines and populations. The recently developed DNA technologies which can assay a greater proportion of the plant genome are providing a plentiful array of additional genomic markers. The objective of this research was to compare random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) versus isozyme-based estimation of relationships among 24 accessions of a hexaploid wild oat, Avena sterilis L. The accessions were evaluated for variation in 23 enzyme systems and by 21 10-mer primers. A total of 77 polymorphic isozyme bands and 115 polymorphic RAPD bands were observed. Two matrices of genetic distances were estimated based on band presence/ absence. These matrices were subsequently utilized in cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis. Both isozymes and RAPDs were proficient at distinguishing between the 24 accessions. The correspondence between the elements of both distance matrices was moderate (r=0.36**). Nevertheless, the overall representation of relationships among accessions by cluster analysis and ordination was in considerable agreement. The two techniques contrasted most notably in pair-by-pair comparisons of relationships. RAPD analysis resulted in a more definitive separation of clusters of accessions. The most significant impact of the DNA-based markers probably will be the more accurate determination of relationships between accessions that are too close to be accurately differentiated by isozymes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222894

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5

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Variation of isozyme patterns among Arachis species (1994)

Stalker, H. T. ; Phillips, T. D. ; Murphy, J. P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1994), S. 746-755

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Peanut ; Speciation ; Arachis hypogaea ; Groundnut

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The genus Arachis contains a large number of species and undescribed taxa with patterns of genetic variation that are little understood. The objectives of this investigation were to estimate genetic diversity among species of Arachis by utilizing electrophoretic techniques and to establish the potential for use of isozymes as markers for germplasm introgression. One-hundred-and-thirteen accessions representing six of the seven sections of the genus were analyzed for isozyme variation of 17 enzymes. Section Rhizomatosae species were not included because they produce very few seeds. Seeds were macerated and the crude extract was used for starch-gel electrophoretic analyses. Although the cultivated species has few polymorphic isozymes, the diploid species are highly variable and two-to-six bands were observed for each isozyme among accessions. Because of the large number of isozyme differences between A. hypogaea and A. batizocoi (the presumed donor of the B genome), this species can no longer be considered as a progenitor of the cultivated peanut. Seed-to-seed polymorphisms within many accessions were also observed which indicate that germplasm should be maintained as bulk seed lots, representative of many individuals, or as lines from individual plants from original field collections. The area of greatest interspecific genetic diversity was in Mato Grosso, Brazil; however, the probability of finding unique alleles from those observed in A. hypogaea was greatest in north, north-central, south and southeast Brazil. The large number of polymorphic loci should be useful as genetic markers for interspecific hybridization studies.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222901

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6

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The effect of parental divergence on F2 heterosis in winter wheat crosses (1990)

Cox, T. S. ; Murphy, J. P.

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 241-250

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L. ; Genetic diversity ; Coefficient of kinship ; Genetic distance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the development of a methodology to estimate genetic divergence between parental lines, when combined with knowledge of parental performance, could be beneficial in the prediction of bulk progeny performance. The objective of this study was to relate F2 heterosis for grain yield and its components in 116 crosses to two independent estimates of genetic divergence among 28 parental genotypes of diverse origins. Genetic divergence between parents was estimated from (a) pedigree relationships (coefficients of kinship) determined without experimentation, and (b) quantitative traits measured in two years of field experimentation in Kansas and North Carolina, USA. These distances, designated (1 -r) and G, respectively, provided ample differentiation among the parents. The 116 F2 bulks were evaluated at four locations in Kansas and North Carolina in one year. Significant rank correlations of 0.46 (P = 0.01) and 0.44 (P = 0.01) were observed between G and grain yield and kernel number heterosis, respectively. Although (1 -r) was poorly associated with grain yield heterosis, G and midparent performance combined to account for 50% of the variation in F2 yields among crosses when (1 -r) was above the median value, whereas they accounted for only 9% of the variation among crosses when (1-r) was below the median. Midparent and (1 -r) had equal effects on F2 grain yield (R 2= 0.40) when G was greater than the median value. A breeding strategy is proposed whereby parents are first selected on the basis of performance per se and, subsequently, crosses are made between genetically divergent parents that have both large quantitative (G) and pedigree divergence (1 -r).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225958

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7

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Isozyme variation in germplasm accessions of the wild oat Avena sterilis L. (1993)

Phillips, T. D. ; Murphy, J. P. ; Goodman, M. M.

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 54-64

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Genetic diversity ; Genetic distance ; Introgression ; Core collection

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Optimal exploitation of crop genetic resources requires a knowledge of the range and structure of the variation present in the gene pool of interest. Avena sterilis L., the cultivated oat progenitor, contains a store of genetic diversity that is readily accessible to the oat breeder. The objectives of the present paper were: (1) to evaluate isozyme polymorphisms in a sample of A. sterilis accessions from the U.S. National Small Grains Collection, (2) to analyze the distribution of isozyme diversity across the geographic range of the accessions, (3) to classify the accessions into groups based on isozyme variation, and (4) to suggest strategies for efficient sampling of this germplasm collection. One thousand and five accessions from 23 countries and 679 collection sites were screened for variation using 23 enzyme systems. Due to limited information about the genetic relationship among individual members of families of isozymes in hexaploid oat species, data were recorded solely for band presence. The frequencies of bands in accessions from the various countries were used to calculate the probability of genotypic identity (Ix.y), the probability of a unique genotype (Ux.y), and an adjusted polymorphic index (Hx). Accessions from Turkey and Lebanon had the largest polymorphic index values, Turkish and Moroccan accessions displayed the greatest numbers of bands. Accessions from Iran, Turkey, Iraq, and Lebanon had the largest mean probabilities of containing unique genotypes. Based on isozyme data, Turkey appeared to represent the center of diversity in this germplasm collection. Band frequencies calculated among countries were used in a principal component analysis. Accessions from Israel and Morocco clustered together; accessions from Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Ethiopia formed another group; and Algerian accessions formed an outlying group. Several isozyme bands had a regional distribution. These results suggested that choosing accessions from countries based on their groupings in the principal component analysis should secure a greater range of diversity than sampling from the collection at random. Cluster analyses based on Jaccard's distances calculated for all pairwise combinations of the 1005 accessions revealed six broad genetic groups of accessions. Groups 1 and 6 contained accessions from many countries and encompassed half of all accessions. Groups 2 and 4 were heavily populated by accessions from Israel and Morocco. Groups 3 and 5 were composed almost exclusively of accessions from Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. By selecting representative accessions from these six groups, oat breeders could most effectively sample the range of genetic variation in this A. sterilis collection.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223808

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8

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Compositional stability of an oat multiline (1982)

Murphy, J. P. ; Helsel, D. B. ; Elliott, A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 33-40

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Avena sativa L. ; oats ; multiline ; compositional stability ; blend ; near-isogenic lines ; competitive ability ; Puccinia coronata ; crown rust

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Mixtures of genotypes are frequently unstable in composition when propagated over succesive generations. This study was designed to test whether a multiline cultivar of oats (Avena sativa L.) created to control crown rust disease (caused by Puccinia coronata Cda.) would reflect differential near-isogenic line survivals when propagated under conditions of either presence or absence of rust. An oat multiline cultivar synthesized from near-isogenic lines that had different genes for resistance to crown rust was propagated under rust-free and rust epiphytotic conditions for four successive generations. In the rust-free environment, one near-isogenic line. CI 9192, which was inferior in yielding ability, was reduced significantly from 20% to 10% of the mixture, and CI 9184, which has no yield deviation from normal, increased from 20% to 38%. The other three near-isogenic lines were stable at about 20%. Also, in the rust line of descent. CI 9192 and CI 9184, respectively, decreased and increased significantly. Our results have implications with respect to seed production practices for multiline cultivars: they also raise the question of whether a multiline is stable enough in composition to be called a cultivar.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028304

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9

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Diversity of seed storage protein patterns in wild peanut (Arachis, Fabaceae) species (1993)

Bianchi-Hall, C. M. ; Keys, R. D. ; Stalker, H. T. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant systematics and evolution 186 (1993), S. 1-15

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ISSN: 1615-6110

Keywords: Fabaceae ; Arachis ; Arachis hypogaea ; Seed storage proteins ; systematics

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract 55 accessions of wild peanuts (Arachis spp.) introduced from South America were analyzed for seed storage protein composition using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The objectives of the study were to evaluate variability within sect.Arachis and to classify taxa based on protein composition. 25 different band positions were resolved. Individual accessions had 11 to 18 bands which included the conarachin region (MW 〉 50 kD), two to five bands in the acidic arachin region (MW 38–49.9 kD), three to seven in the intermediate MW region (23 to 37.9 kD), two to five bands in the basic arachin region (18–22.9 kD), and one to three bands in the low MW protein region (14–17.9 kD). These data were utilized in a principal coordinate analysis based on the matrix of genetic distances between all pairs of the 55 accessions. Several groups of accessions conformed to expected species classification includingA. batizocoi, A. stenosperma, andA. monticola; whileA. duranensis, A. cardenasii, A. helodes, andA. correntina did not form good groups. The study showed that great diversity exists for protein profiles and seed storage proteins have potential for aiding species classification and for serving as markers for interspecific hybridization studies.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937710

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