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  • 1
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    In:  EPIC3Ices journal of marine scienceSuppl.), 56, pp. 187-193
    Publication Date: 2014-07-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: In vivo arterial properties ; Arterial blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Des analyses en cours cherchent à établir des méthodes de détermination non-invasible des propriétés élastiques des artères et du contrôle continu transcutané de la pression artérielle. Les données de vitesse d'ondes pulsatives et de tension artérielle sont établies, séparément, en fonction (i) des propriétés élastiques d'artères non linéaires (les coefficients de fonction de densité d'énergie de tension), les diamètres extérieurs et intérieurs de l'artère pressurisée déformée, par rapport aux diamètres extérieurs et intérieurs d'artères non pressurisées, et (ii) des propriétés élastiques d'artères non linéaires et du diamètre d'artère presurisées. On s'aperçoit alors que, si l'on peut obtenir, à trois moments différents, les valeurs de vitesse de pulsation et les diamètres d'une section d'artère (par contrôle transcutané à ultrasons, par exemple), on peut résoudre également les équations appropriées (d'après les données de vitesse de pouls ci-dessus) qui donneront les valeurs des propriétés artérielles et les diamètres extérieurs et intérieurs des artères non déformées. Ces valeurs sont substituées dans l'expression de pression artérielle pour obtenir cette même pression, uniquement en termes de diamètres extérieurs d'artères. La pression artérielle peut être désormais assurée d'une façon continue et non invasible, par contrôle continu transcutané à ultrasons du diamètre extérieur d'artère. La fiabilité et la précision requise pour obtenir ces mesures font à présent l'objet d'une enquête.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es werden Analysen für (i) die nicht-invasive Bestimmung der elastischen Eigenschaften von Arterien und für (ii) die kontinuierliche, transkutane Überwachung des Arteriellen Blutdrucks entwickelt. Es werden getrennte Gleichungen für die Pulswellengeschwindigkeit und den arteriellen Blutdruck abgeleitet, und zwar abhängig von (i) den nicht-linearen elastischen Eigenschaften der Arterien (den Koeffizienten der Dehnungsdichtefunktion), dem Innen- und Außendurchmesser der deformierten, unter Druck stehenden Arterie und dem Verhältnis zwischen Innenund Außendurchmesser bei nicht unter Druck stehender Arterie, und (ii) von den nicht-linearen elastischen Eigenschaften der Arterien und dem Durchmesser der unter Druck stehenden Arterie. Dann wird dargelegt, daß sich mit Hilfe der Werte für die Pulsschlaggeschwindigkeit an einer bestimmten Stelle der Arterie und der entsprechenden Arteriendurchmesser (die sich z.B. durch transkutane Ultraschallüberwachung feststellen lassen) zu drei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten gemessen, die erforderlichen Gleichungen (aus den oben genannten Pulsschlaggeschwindigkeitsgleichungen) aufstellen lassen, aus denen sich die Werte für die arteriellen Eigenschaften und den Innen- und Außendurchmesser der nichtverformten Arterie gewinnen lassen. Diese Werte werden dann in die Gleichung für den Arteriendruck eingesetzt, wodurch sich hierfür ein Ausdruck ergibt, der lediglich von den arteriellen Außendurchmessern abhängig ist. Auf diese Weise kann durch eine kontinuierliche, transkutane Ultraschall-Überwachung des Außendurchmessers der Arterie der Arteriendruck kontinuierlich von außen überwacht werden. Die Durchführbarkeit und die erforderliche Genauigkeit für diese Messungen werden gegenwärtig untersucht.
    Notes: Abstract Analyses are developed for the procedures of (i) the noninvasive determination of the arterial elastic properties and (ii) the transcutaneous continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Expressions for the pulse wave velocity and arterial pressure are derived, separately, in terms of (1) the nonlinear arterial elastic properties (the coefficients of the strain energy density function), the internal and external diameters of the deformed pressurised artery and the ratio of the unpressurised arterial internal and external diameters, and (2) the nonlinear arterial elastic properties, unpressurised tube diameters and the external diameter of the pressurised artery. It is then shown that if the values of the pulse velocities at an arterial section and of the corresponding arterial diameters are obtained (say, by transcutaneous ultrasonic monitoring) at three instants, then adequate equations are obtained (from the above pulse velocity expressions) which can be solved to yield the values of the arterial properties and the undeformed arterial internal and external diameters. These values are substituted in the expression for arterial pressure, to yield an expression for the arterial pressure, solely in terms of the external arterial diameters. Hence, by continuously transcutaneously ultrasonically monitoring the external arterial diameter, the arterial pressure can be monitored continuously and noninvasively. The feasibility and the required accuracy of making these measurements are currently under investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 18 (1980), S. 271-280 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inadequacies of currently employed methods for assessment of cardiac mechanics are discussed, and the need for development of more intrinsic assessment parameters is emphasised. To this end, a new technique is presented to enable determination of regional mechanical constitutive properties of the myocardium during diastole; this technique has been originally named left-ventricular mechanomyocardiography (or l.v.-m.m.c.g.). The data required for implementation of the techniques consist of left-ventricular sequential dynamic geometry and associated recorded chamber pressure. The method entails matching of the inner-boundary deformations of the instantaneous finite-element model of the left ventricle (which is loaded by the recorded instantaneous incremental pressure) with the actual instantaneous endocardial deformations (as derived from either cineangiocardiography or 2-dimensional echocardiography), to determine the regional distribution of the Young's modulus Ene and the incremental stresses Δσne (and hence the total stress σne=∑nΔσne) of the myocardial elements. The mechanical constitutive properties of the myocardial elements can be then characterised by the constitutive relation Ene=a+bσ. The constitutive parameters a and b have typical ranges for normal and pathological (ischaemic and infarcted) myocardial elements and hence can be employed to distinguish diseased elements. The values of a and b are calculated for normal and pathological subjects and their normal and pathological ranges are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The methodology for determination of blood pressure distribution in the left ventricular chamber is provided. The determination of nondimensional pressures (normalised with respect to, say, a point on the mitral valve boundary) merely requires the data on the sequential dynamic geometry of the left ventricular chamber, wherefrom we can obtain the boundary fluid velocities at the chamber wall and at the open and closed valves' boundaries of the chamber. A finite-element analysis of the governing fluid mechanics is employed to determine the pressures in the chamber, from the determinable boundary velocities of the fluid. The method is employed clinically to (i) characterise left-ventricular pumping efficiency and (ii) to assess cardiac rehabilitation following coronary bypass surgery by determining how this procedure influences the blood-pressure distributions in the chamber, and helps to promote a more favourable blood pressure gradient from a larger chamber domain (compared to the presurgery case) towards the aortic valve exit. This example illustrates how left-ventricular mechanocardiopressography (l.v.-m.c.p.g.) can be employed to assess the efficacy of bypass surgery. The method helps provide a graphical evaluation of the improved pumping function of the left ventricular myocardium, as depicted by the creation of a more effective blood-pressure gradient in the chamber, which in turn contributes to a more effective emptying (or stroke volume) of the left ventricle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
  • 7
    Publication Date: 1995-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0094-5765
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2030
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Until recently, human +Gz acceleration tolerance has relied solely on subjective criteria relating to loss of vision. By use of newly developed noninvasive instrumentation using a transcutaneous Doppler flow system, objective end point criteria have been developed based on measured blood flow to the head. The system consists of miniature 8 MHz Doppler sensors (2 x 1 x 0.5 cm) placed on the forehead over both frontal branches of the temporal arteries to detect blood flow velocity from back scattered ultrasound. Its use has allowed for correlation of altered, decreased and actual reversal of eye level blood flow with subsequent central light loss. Over 100 subjects have now been studied during more than 2,000 centrifuge runs. Objective changes in temporal artery flow velocity consistently preceded visual degradation for each subject during all acceleration profiles. No subject has gone unconscious without first exhibiting a minimum 6 sec of total flow cessation. Retrograde flow followed by complete flow cessation always preceded central light loss. Results indicate that this method can be successfully used with a wide variety of tasks during exposure to +Gz acceleration. It is recommended for use during evaluation of protective maneuvers or devices on the centrifuge or during actual flight in high performance aircraft. It may also serve as a potential safety monitor during space Shuttle re-entry if there is doubt about a passenger's cardiovascular status.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Acta astronautica (ISSN 0094-5765); Volume 4; 5-6; 541-53
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-12-21
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Life Sci. Publ., Vol. 2; 7 p
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Criteria are given for selecting the macaca mulatta as the analogue of the human in the study of cerebral circulation, particularly the control of the cerebral vascular bed during normal and stressful conditions. Topics discussed include surgical preparation of subject; responses to changes in arterial pressure, oxygen, and carbon dioxide; innervation of cerebral vessels; cerebral flow response to acceleration; and cerebral blood flow and cerebellar stimulation.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: The Use of Nonhuman Primates in Space; p 83-101
    Format: text
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