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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravitational evidence for an undifferentiated Callisto (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 387 (1997), S. 264-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Galileo's first encounter with Callisto took place on 4 November 1996, and the gravity signal was detected in the radio Doppler data recorded during the encounter. The data analysis was accomplished by fitting a parametrized orbital model to the radio Doppler data by weighted nonlinear least ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/387264a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravitational constraints on the internal structure of Ganymede (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 384 (1996), S. 541-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The data were analysed by fitting a parametrized orbital model to the radio Doppler data by weighted nonlinear least squares8"10. The two encounters between Galileo and Ganymede (on 27 June and 6 September 1996) were analysed independently. Ganymede's external gravitational field was modelled by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/384541a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravity: Mare humorum (1973)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 8 (1973), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Global tracking coverage of the Apollo 15 subsatellite has provided gravity measurements from 50 km altitudes over the entire Humorum basin. An estimate of surface mass points at 2 degree intervals, which best fit the data reveals a mass distribution having a lesser mass excess for the very central area. When two different profiles were fit using a 2 disk model it was again found for each profile that the smaller central disk decreased the central mass by approximately 30%. The mass distribution per unit area however for the major portion of the mascon is still consistent with the other mascons (Crisium, Nectaris and Serenitatis) of approximately 800-900 kg cm−2. The surface mass point solution seems to correlate somewhat with the dark areas on Whitaker's IR-UV map.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562748
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apollo 15 gravity analysis from theS-band transponder experiment (1972)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 4 (1972), S. 411-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract TheS-Band Transponder experiment used precision doppler tracking data of the command and service module, the lunar module and the subsatellite to provide detailed information about the near side gravity field. No special instruments are required other than the existingS-Band transponder used for real time navigation. The data consists of variations in the spacecraft speed as measured by the earth-based radio tracking system, which has a resolution of 0.65 mm/s. Initial data reduction has been concentrated on the low altitude CSM data (≈ 20 km) which provides new detailed gravity profiles of the Serenitatis and Crisium mascons. The results are in good agreement with Apollo 14 analysis and strongly suggest that the mascons are near surface features with a mass distribution per unit area of approximately 800 kg/cm2. The Apennines reveal themselves as a local gravity high of 85 mgal and Marius Hills likewise have a gravity high of 62 mgal. The subsatellite data is too sparse at present to definitely determine new gravity anomaly locations. The spacecraft is functioning well and a dense data block is being obtained, which will provide a new gravity map from ±95° longitude to ±30 latitude. Since periapsis altitudes are following relatively close to predicted altitudes, it seems fairly safe at this point to believe the subsatellite lifetime will be at least one year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lunar gravity: apollo 15 doppler radio tracking (1974)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 10 (1974), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract New detailed gravity measurements were obtained over a 10- to 70-km surface strip from − 70° to + 70° long. during low-altitude orbits (≈ 12 km at periapsis). The trajectory path (Figure 1) went over the centers of both Maria Serenitatis and Crisium, providing a complete center gravity profile of two large mascons. Consistent with the previous results for Mare Nectaris and Mare Humorum, both Serenitatis and Crisium mascons are approximately disk-shaped near-surface mass anomalies of net uncompensated loading, 800 kg cm−2. This strengthens Booker's contention that all mascons are approximately the same thickness. Also revealed for the first time are significant positive gravity measurements over mountain ranges - Apennines (near Hadley Mountain) and the Marius Hills. The data suggests that the Apennines have undergone some isostatic compensation, whereas the Marius Hills have not. The crater anomalies detected are all consistently negative as observed before, implying loss of mass from the impact event which formed them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655720
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lunar gravity: Apollo 16 (1974)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 11 (1974), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reduction of doppler radio tracking of the orbiting spacecraft has shown consistency with Apollo 14 data results and has revealed new gravity anomalies. Large craters are negative anomalies while wrinkle ridge regions are positive. The Central highlands are mostly a positive anomaly except for the Apollo 16 landing site, which is in a negative area. A gravity high northwest of Theophilus is not easily explained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01877792
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lunar gravity: Apollo 17 (1974)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 11 (1974), S. 41-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Gravity results are displayed as a band of contours ≈60 km wide spanning 140° of frontside longitude. The contours traverse Grimaldi, Mare Procellarum, Copernicus, Apennines, Mare Serenitatis, Littrow, and Mare Crisium. Redundant gravity area previously mapped by Apollos 14, 15, 16, and the Apollo subsatellites are tabulated and show excellent consistency. Modeling of Grimaldi reveals a loading more than the known mascons and thus makes Grimaldi the smallest known mascon feature. Copernicus' gravity profile is best modeled with a mass defect for the basin and a mass excess for the rim. Mare Serenitatis has an irregular mass distribution with central gravity highs shifted approximately 3° in latitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01877793
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lunar global figure from mare surface elevations (1976)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 15 (1976), S. 143-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser altimetry data from the Apollo 15, 16, and 17 missions show that the ringed maria surfaces lie on one particular reference surface and that the center of gravity is definitely displaced from the optical center. If these extensive surfaces are assumed to be near hydrostratic surfaces, then there must have existed a time in lunar history when lunar tides and/or internal processes were much different than they are today.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562478
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on the figure of the moon based on preliminary results from laser altimetry (1972)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 4 (1972), S. 337-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Range measurements from the orbiting spacecraft to the lunar surface were made during the Apollo 15 mission using a laser altimeter. The measurements were made in a plane inclined at approximately 26° with respect to the lunar equator. Analysis of measurements made during one complete lunar revolution indicates that the figure of the Moon is very complex. The lunar far side appears to be considerably rougher than the near side in this plane. There appears to be a very large depression on the far side centered at approximately 180° longitude. The near-side maria are depressed with respect to surrounding terrae. These data provide some proof that there is a displacement between the center of figure and the center of mass of the Moon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562001
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lunar gravity via the Apollo 15 and 16 subsatellites (1974)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 9 (1974), S. 115-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dense Doppler tracking coverage of the Apollo 15 and 16 subsatellites over ten and eighteen day periods when periapsis altitudes were 15–50 km has provided detailed gravity mapping of the lunar frontside. Many new gravity features are revealed including one that does not correlate with any visible topographic structure. All unfilled craters sampled are negative anomalies. The mascons consistently produce gravity highs that load the surface with ≈800 kg cm−2 excess mass. The Orientale region is represented with a solution grid of 177 point masses that clearly show the ringed structure. The eastern limb is also displayed with a solution grid of point masses. The gravity variations over the central portion of the frontface are shown as line-of-sight acceleration contours in milligals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00565398
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