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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tidally-produced internal bands in the shell of Elminius modestus (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 33 (1975), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Young specimens of Elminius modestus Darwin, were marked by treatment with calcium and strontium-enriched sea water, allowed to grow in the intertidal environment, and marked again. The number of growth bands laid down coincided with the number of tidal immersions. Strontium is not readily incorporated into the shell, even when its concentration in the external environment is greatly increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390720
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of cirripede larvae to light. I. Experiments with white light (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 23 (1973), S. 327-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phototactic response of the nauplius larva of Balanus balanoides, B. crenatus and Elminius modestus shows darkadaptation; the response of the cyprid of B. balanoides shows both phototaxis and low photokinesis. The phototactic responses and the orientation of the cyprid to white light at settlement require an intensity of illumination slightly above 10-5 lux. The ability to select a shaded position by cyprids of R. balanoides requires a higher intensity of 10-2 to 10-4 lux; hence a different mechanism may be involved. Barnacle larvae are sufficiently sensitive to be able to respond to light beneath the sea surface, even on cloudy, moonless nights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389340
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Hardy Weinberg test — A correction (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 46 (1978), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When the Hardy Weinberg ratios of m isoalleles are tested using the χ2 distribution, the correct number of degrees of freedom is 1/2 (m 2-m). The derivation from two definitions of degrees of freedom is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391535
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterase heterogeneity and an investigation into racial differences in the cirripede Balanus balanoides using acrylamide gel electrophoresis (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 33 (1975), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four groups of bands showing esterase activity were found after electrophoretic separation of extracts of Balanus balanoides (L.) prosoma on polyacrylamide gels. Each group was distinguishable from other groups by mobility, reaction with specific substrates, and susceptibility to various inhibitors. Groups designated BbEII and BbEIII showed cholinesterase activity, BbEIV showed carboxylesterase activity, and BbEI possible arylesterase activity. Polymorphisms were found within Groups BbEIII and BbEI. The frequency distribution of BbEIV polymorphs in a sample from the Menai Straits, UK, fitted the Hardy-Weinberg predicted values for 4 co-dominant alleles. A sample from St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, however, did not fit the Hardy-Weinberg prediction. No variation between individuals was found when malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes were examined. Hence, these systems are unsuitable for testing racial differences. The results for the cholinesterase and arylesterase isozymes substantiate the view, originally based on differences in reproductive phenology and egg size, that genetically separate races exist on either side of the Atlantic Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394998
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barnacles: Possible indicators of zinc pollution? (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 30 (1975), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Barnacles [Balanus balanoides (L.), Elminius modestus Darwin, Lepas anatifera (L.)] from several different sites were found to accumulate the heavy metal zinc. The majority of the zinc was deposited in the tissues associated with the gut, and the level of zinc in soft body tissue generally reflected well the level of zinc in the immediate sea-water environment. The zinc accumulated in the gut tissues was in the form of discrete granules, mainly within the parenchyma cells which surround the gut. These granules probably exist as an insoluble zinc salt. A comparison of the zinc level in barnacles with those recorded for some other marine organisms indicates the possible usefulness of barnacles as indicators of zinc pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393753
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An energy budget for the free-swimming and metamorphosing larvae of Balanus balanoides (Crustacea: Cirripedia) (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 55 (1979), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of biochemical components and measurements of oxygen consumption rates of cypris larvae of Balanus balanoides (L.) maintained in the laboratory at 10°C for up to 5 weeks after capture shows that lipid is the primary energy reserve, although later protein is utilised. Initially, the cyprids swim freely with an oxygen consumption rate of ca. 37×10-3 μl O2 h-1 cyprid-1, but within a few days the rate falls to ca. 21×10-3 μl O2 h-1 cyprid-1 when they cease swimming and explore the substratum. The cost of metamorphosis was calculated both from the loss of biochemical components and oxygen consumption rates during metamorphosis; the values were 2.8×10-2 and 3.2×10-2 cal cyprid-1, respectively. A budget was collated from the data on respiration and biochemical composition, whereby the energy per cyprid was partitioned into that required for essential structural components (6.8×10-2 cal), that needed for metamorphosis (3.0×10-2 cal) and an excess available for swimming and exploring, which in the batches studied was about 5.0×10-2 cal. This excess is mainly derived from the utilisation of lipid reserves and is used up usually 2 1/2 to 4 weeks after capture. During these measurements, samples of cyprids were taken at weekly intervals to test the rate of settlement and success of metamorphosis. The results showed that they lose their competence to metamorphose successfully approximately at the same time (3 to 4 weeks) that the energy supply for swimming and exploration is used up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396822
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct measurement of pore-size distribution on artificial and natural deposits and prediction of pore space accessible to interstitial organisms (1971)
    Springer
    Marine biology 10 (1971), S. 214-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pore spaces and particles comprising (a) 2 artificial sands consisting of uniform spherical particles and (b) 4 natural shell gravels from Church Island, Menai Strait, N. Wales, were observed directly in thin sections. Porosity and granulometry measurements made visually agreed with those obtained by traditional methods. Pore-size distributions could also be measured and always showed greater dispersion than particle-size distributions. In the almost monometric sands, the mean pore diameter was 30 to 40% of the mean particle diameter, in agreement with the Koseny-Carmen equation. In the polymorphic shell gravels, the mean pore size was only 15 to 20% of the mean particle size, and diminished with increased content of fine particles. A theoretical treatment is given, based on a model of interconnecting dilations and constrictions, to allow the proportion of total void space available to an organism of given diameter to be predicted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352810
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental control of the breeding of three boreo-arctic cirripedes (1969)
    Springer
    Marine biology 2 (1969), S. 283-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three species of barnacles with boreo-aretic distribution were shown to require maintenance for several weeks below a critical temperature before the breeding condition could be attained. The temperatures critical for Balanus balanoides (L.) Balanus balanus (L.) and Balanus crenatus (Bruguière) were found to be between 10° and 12°C, 10° and 14°C, and at about 17°C, respectively. Although the strong influence of continuous light and the weak influence of continued feeding in delaying the onset of breeding in B. balanoides were confirmed, there remained some outstanding anomalies between the breeding behaviour of this species under laboratory conditions and between the tide marks. It was found impossible to initiate breeding by the application of conditioning procedures significantly in advance of the time of the normal Autumn breeding season in B. balanoides. Breeding appears to be inhibited, independently of external conditions, for a set period after the preceding brood cycle. Evidence points to a similar, largely endogenous, control of breeding in B. balanus which also breeds once annually, but not in B. crenatus which breeds continuously so long as food and temperature levels permit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351151
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic esterase isozymes, their variation with season, position on the shore and stage of development in the cirripede Balanus balanoides (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 35 (1976), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Samples of Balanus balanoides (L.) in the Menai Straits were taken from their upper limit of distribution on the shore, from mean low water (MLW) and at three different times of the year, January, May and August. Individual prosomae were homogenised, electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels and esterase isozymes determined. Group BbEI esterase isozymes fitted the Hardy-Weinberg predicted values for 4 co-dominant alleles in all samples. A comparison of BbEI phenotype frequency distribution of the upper shore and MLW samples showed no significant difference at the 5% level. The phenotype frequency of samples taken at different times of the year were significantly different at the 5% level, due to an excess of allele A in winter and an excess of allele C in summer. It is argued that the seasonal variation of phenotype frequency is probably not due to selection operating on a balanced polymorphism, but that the expression of the alleles through the synthesis of esterase isozymes is dependent on some environmental agent, postibly temperature or day length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386642
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new apparatus for force measurement in marine bioadhesion (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 53 (1979), S. 381-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new and versatile apparatus designed for measuring the tenacity of marine invertebrates that adhere either permanently or temporarily, is described. In order to test Stefan type of adhesion (law of tack) a constant rate of separation was necessary and this has been achieved by incorporating a closed-loop feedback circuit that acts on the servo-motor. The force (up to 50 kg) is measured by means of a load ring coupled to a linear variable displacement transducer and the accuracy (linearity of the output) is independent of the range of force applied. The apparatus is easy to operate, easily transportable and of relatively low cost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391621
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